Shakespeare Midterm

Front 1

1485

Back 1

Henry Tudor becomes King Henry VII beginning the Tudor dynasty

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1509

Back 2

Ascension of King Henry VIII

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1517

Back 3

Martin Luther posts Wittenberg Theses: Begins Protestant Reformation

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1534

Back 4

Henry VIII declares himself Supreme Head of the English church

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1558

Back 5

Ascension of Queen Elizabeth I

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1576

Back 6

Building of the Theater, first permanent structure in England for plays

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1588

Back 7

English Navy defeats the Spanish Armada

Front 8

1564

Back 8

William Shakespeare was born. Baptized April 26 in Stratford-upon-Avon.

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1564

Back 9

William Shakespeare was born. Baptized April 26 in Stratford-upon-Avon.

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c. 1589

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Scholars assume Shakespeare began career with a London acting company.

Front 11

1592

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By this time, Shakespeare was a noted actor and playwright.

Front 12

1599

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Shakespeare a partner in new Globe Theater, built by Chamberlain’s Men (Shakespeare’s company).

Front 13

1337-1453

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England’s Hundred Years War with France

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1415

Back 14

(St. Crispin’s Day) Henry V defeats larger French army at Battle of Agincourt

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1290

Back 15

Jews expelled from England. English form negative myths about Judaism.

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1593

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Execution of Roderigo Lopez, Queen Elizabeth’s Jewish physician, for treason.

Front 17

Pastoral

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Literary works dealing with rustic life; usually idealized, written from the shepherd's point of view

Front 18

Topics of pastoral poetry

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Love and seduction, value of poetry, death, mourning, court corruption vs purity of country life, politics

Front 19

Eclogue

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A dialogue between two shepherds, a common pastoral poetic genre

Front 20

First true English pastoral work

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Edmund Spenser's The Shepheardes Calendar--exposed the artificiality of court, satirized political and religious figures

Front 21

Sir Thomas Wyatt education

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St. John's College, Cambridge

Front 22

Sir Thomas Wyatt court

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Clerk of the king's jewels, diplomatic missions to France and Low Countries, ambassador to Spain 1537-39

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Sir Thomas Wyatt why in Tower of London

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Accused of adultery with Queen Anne Boleyn

Front 24

Sir Thomas Wyatt why in Tower of London for second time

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High treason, cleared

Front 25

Sir Thomas Wyatt death

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1542 of fever

Front 26

Sir Thomas Wyatt sonnets

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Introducted sonnet form into English with translations of Petrarch's sonetti

Front 27

Sir Thomas Wyatt famous cynical portrayal of….

Back 27

Women

Front 28

1557: Wyatt's poems published in

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Tottel's Songs and Sonnets

Front 29

Sir Walter Ralegh known for

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Brilliance and versatility: soldier, courtier, philosopher, explorer and colonist, student of science, historian and poet

Front 30

Sir Walter Ralegh colonization of

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Virginia

Front 31

Sir Walter Ralegh introduced what to which countries

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Potatoes to Ireland and tobacco to Europe

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Sir Walter Ralegh wrote poems for

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Queen Elizabeth

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Sir Walter Ralegh attributes known for

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violent temper, religious skepticism, extravagant dress, hatred of Spain

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Sir Walter Ralegh why in Tower of London

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Treason

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Sir Walter Ralegh why executed

Back 35

Pressure from Spain

Front 36

Moneylending Catholic v. Jewish

Back 36

Catholic--brother=any person, Jewish--brother=fellow Jew

Front 37

Henry VIII--Elizabeth with moneylending

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Henry allows lending for interest at 10%, Elizabeth learns he ruined her credit rating by debasing currency, she could borrow from within the country. In 1574 she was not in debt

Front 38

End of third crusade jews

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Anti-semitic violence

Front 39

Magna Carta clause on--

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Forgiving debts if a man dies before paying them

Front 40

Elizabeth I and Jews

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sheltered Jewish Marranos from Spain to protect from Spanish Inquisition. Marranos/Conversos had converted to Christianity. Previous small group had been court musicians for Henry VIII.

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Roderigo Lopez

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Accused of trying to poison the Queen, Elizabeth asserted his innocence, bowed to pressure, he was executed

Front 42

Constantine and Jews

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Defying previous Roman edicts making Jews Roman citizens, Constantine begins edicts against the Jews, denounces them as Christ’s killers.

Front 43

First Jewish ghetto

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Venice

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Papal bull

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Requires all Jews to live in ghettos

Front 45

Venice history

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Limited land, no farming, built on islands, everything brought in by trade

Front 46

Venice and artisans

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Patrons paid artisans, they were valued for the honor of making art

Front 47

Venice trade

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Seafaring dangerous, no way to judge longitute--sketchy navigation

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Privateers

Back 48

government endorsed pirates

Front 49

Goals of Elizabethan schooling

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Read and write Latin, know Latin and some Greek classics, infuse sound moral and religious principles

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Older v. younger students elizabethan school

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Younger--focus on grammar, older focus on logic and rhetoric

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3 main organs

Back 51

Heart, liver, brain

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Liver

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Bgave the body nutrients, produced all 4 humors, and natural spirits

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Heart

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Center and seat of life, seat of emotions--joy, anger, hope, fear, source of uneasiness

Front 54

Brain

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seat of reason, memory and imagniation, center of the rational soul

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Theory of humors--4 fluids

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Blood, yellow bile, phlegm and black bile

Front 56

Theory of humors determined

Back 56

Mental and physical health

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Blood

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Happy and generous, sanguine

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Yellow bile

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Violent and vengeful, choleric

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Phlegm

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Dull, pale and cowardly

Front 60

Black bile

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Gluttony, laziness or sentiment, melancholic

Front 61

Sonnets form

Back 61

14 lines, iambic pentameter

Front 62

Shakespearean sonnets form

Back 62

3 quatrains (4 line stanzas) ending in a rhyming couplet-- abab cdcd efef gg

Front 63

Italian sonnets

Back 63

abba abba cdcdcd/cdecde