Shakespeare 220 Exam 2

Front 1

Despise me if I do not. Three great ones of the city.
In personal suit to make me his lieutenant,
Off-capp'd to him; and, by the faith of man, I know my price, I am worth no worse a place.
But he (as loving his own pride and purposes)
Evades them with a bumbast circumstance
Horribly stuff'd with epithites of war,
[And in conclusion,]
Nonsuits my mediators; for, "Certes," says he,
"I have already chose my officer."
And what was he?
Forsooth, a great arithmetician,
One Michael Cassio, a Florentine
(A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife),
That never set a squadron in the field,
Nor the division of a battle knows
More than a spinster--unless the bookish theoric
Wherein the [toged] consuls can propose
As masterly as he. Mere prattle, without practice,
Is all his soldiership. But he, sir, had th' election;
And I, of whom his eyes had seen the proof
At Rhodes, at Cyprus, and on other grounds
Christen'd and heathen, must be belee'd and calm'd
By debitor and creditor-this countercaster,
He (in good time!) must his lieutenant be,
And I his Moorship's ancient.

Back 1

Iago in very opening of play, speaking to Roderigo, complaining that Othello has appointed Cassio lieutenant rather than him. Gives us a very negative view of Othello: one who points inferiors to a position high in the army. Soon to be contradicted when we actually meet Othello. First tip off of Iago's evil, potential jealousy?

Front 2

Sir, y'are robb'd! For shame, on your gown;
Your heart is burst, you have lost half your soul;
Even now, now, very now, an old black ram
Is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise!
Awake the snorting citizens with the bell,
Or else the devil will make a grandsire of you.
Arise, I say!
...Sir, you are one of those that will not serve God, if the devil bid you. Because we come to do you service, and you think we are ruffians, you'll have your daughter cover'd with a Barbary horse, you'll have your nephews neigh to you; you'll have coursers for cousins, and gennets for germans.
..I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Mor are now making the beast with two backs.

Back 2

Iago continuing to depict Othello in a negative light. Talking to Brabantio(still scene 1). Uses animalistic imagery, "devil" suggests Othello is evil. Iago to Brabantio, making Othello seem as loathsome as possible.

Front 3

Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors,
My very noble and approv'd good masters:
That I have ta'en away this old man's daughter,
It is most true; true I have married her
The very head and front of my offending
Hath this extent, no more. Rude am I in my speech,
And little bless'd with the soft phrase ofpeace;
For since these arms of mine had seven years' pith,
Till now some nine moons wasted, they have us'd
Their dearest action in the tented field;
And little of this great world can I speak
More than pertains to feats of broils and battle,
And therefore little shall I grace my cause
In speaking for myself. Yet (by your gracious patience)
I will a round unvarnish'd tale deliver
Of my whole course of love-what drugs, what charms
what conjuration, and what mighty magic
I won his daughter.

Back 3

Othello speaking early in the play. Valiant, noble, a little out of his element though, as he usually spends most of his time on the battlefield. Modest.

Front 4

I do beseech you,
Send for the lady to the Sagittary,
And let her speak of me before her father.
If you do find me foul in her report,
The trust, the office I do hold of you,
Not only take away, but let your sentence
Even fall upon my life.

Back 4

Othello early in the play, to the Duke ordering him to fetch Desdemona.

Front 5

Her father lov'd me, oft invited me;
Still question'd me the story of my life
From year to year-the battles, sieges
That I have pass'd
I ran it through, even from my boyish days
To th' very moment that he bade me tell it;
Wherein I spoke of most disastrous chances:
Of moving accidents by flood and field,
Of hair-breadth scapes i' th'imminent deadly
Of being taken by the insolent foe
And sold to slavery, of my redemption thence
And portance in my travel's history;
Wherein of antres vast and deserts idle,
Rough quarries, rocks, and hills whose to heaven,
It was my hint to speak-such was my process-
And of the Cannibals that each eat,
The Anthropophagi, and men whose heads
beneath their shoulders. These things hear
Would Desdemona seriusly incline;
But still the house affairs would draw her
Which ever as she could with haste dispatch,
She'ld come again, and with a greedy ear
Devour up my discourse. Which I observing,
Took once a pliant hour, and found good means
To draw from her a prayer of earnest heart
That I would all my pilgrammage dilate,
whereof by parcels she had something heard,
But not. I did consent,
And often did beguile her of her tears,
When I did speak of some distressful stroke
That my youth suffer'd. My story being done,
she gave me for my paints a world of sighs;
She swore, in faith 'twas strange, 'twas passing strange
'Twas pitiful, 'twas wondrous pitiful.
She wish'd she had not heard it, yet she wish'd
that heaven had made her such a man. She thank'd me
And bade me, if I had a friend that lov'd her
I should but teach him how to tell my story that would woo her. Upon this hint I spake:
She lov'd me for the dangers I had pass'd,
and I lov'd her that she did pity them.
This only is the witchcraft I have us'd.
Here comes the lady; let her witness it.

Back 5

Othello speaking to the Duke, describing his past. Exotic appeal, reminds people he is different. Why? Insecure? Plays to his own strengths? Desdemona is obviously very attracted to him. He gives us a calm, dignified account of what happened.

Front 6

That I love the Moor to live with him,
My downright violence, and storm of fortunes,
May trumpet to the world. My heart's subdu'd
Even to the very quality of my lord.
I saw Othello's visage in his mind,
And to his honors and his valiant parts
Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate.
So that, dear lords, if I be left behind,
A moth of peace, and he go to the war
The rites for why I love him are bereft me,
And I a heavy interim shall support
By his dear absence. Let me go with him.

Back 6

Desdemona explaining to the Duke and others that she does truly love Othello, even beyond sexual passions. Calm, loving, generous speech

Front 7

Let her have your voice.
Vouch with me, heaven, I therefore beg it not
To please the palate of my appetite
Nor to comply with heat (the young affects
In me defunct) and proper satisfaction;
But to be free and bounteous to her mind.

Back 7

Othello, to the Duke after Desdemona has spoken. Declaring love and begging for Des. Poetic language, mind of vast imagination.

Front 8

It is merely a lust of the blood and a permission of the will. Come, be a man! Drown thyself? drown cats and blind puppies! I have profess'd me thy friend, and I confess me knit to the deserving with cables of perdurable toughness. I could never better stead thee than now. Put money in the purse; follow thou the wars; defeat thy favor with usurp'd beard. I say put money in thy purse. It cannot be long that Des. should continue her love to the Moor-put money in thy purs-enor he his to her. It was a violent commencement in her, and thou shalt see an answerable sequestration-put but money in thy purs.e These Moors are changeable in their wills-fill thy purse with money. The food that to him now is as luscious as locusts, shall be to him shortly as acerb as the coloquintida. She must change for youth when she is sated with his body, she will find the error of her chocie. Therefore put money in thy purse. If thou wilt needs damn thyself, do it a mroe delicate way than drowning. Make all the money thou canst. If sanctimony and a frail vow betwixt an erring barbarian and a super-subtle Venetian be not too hard for my wits and all the tribe of hell, thou shalt enjoy her; therefore make money. A pox of drowning thyself, it is clean out of the way. Seek thou rather to be hang'd in compassing thy joy than to be drown'd and go without her.

Back 8

Iago to Roderigo. Invoking the devil?

Front 9

I hate the Moor,
And it is thought abroad that 'twixt my sheets
I I'as done my office. I know not if't be true,
But I, for mere suspicion in that kind,
Will do as if for surety. He holds me well,
The better shall my purpose work on him.

Back 9

Iago, to Roderigo at the end of Act I. Insight to why he antagonizes Othello? "I hate the Moor." "And.." = afterthought? And moreover, he might be sleeping with my wife. Is he sincere? Or just looking for trouble?

Front 10

The riches of the ship is come on shore!
You men of Cyprus, let her have your knees.
Hail to thee, lady! and the grace of heaven,
Before, behind thee, and on every hand,
Enwheel thee round!

Back 10

Cassio greeting Desdemona with adoration and extravagance. Showing his Florentine nature. Reminiscent of "hail mary"

Front 11

Good ancient, you are welcome.
come mistress.
Let it not gall your patience, good Iago
that I extend my manners; 'tis my breeding
That gives me this bold show of courtesy.
--Sir, would she give you so much of her lips
As of her tongue she oft bestows on me,
You would have enough.
..In faith, too much;
I find it still, when I have to sleep.
Marry, before your ladyship, I grant,
She puts her tongue a little in her heart,
And chides with thinking.
--You have little cause to say so.
--Come on, come on; you are pictures out.
Bells in your parlors, wild-cats in your kitchens,
Saints in your injuries, devils being offended,
Players in your huswifery, and huswives in your beds.

Back 11

first, Cassio to Iago's wife, Emilia. Adoring, kisses her; second, Iago stirring up trouble as always "she's always scolding me," claiming she is a bad wife, always scolding, never doing housework, etc. Questionable whether he's serious or just being annoying.

Front 12

He takes her by the palm; ay, well said, whisper. With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. Ay, smile upon her, do; I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. You say true, 'tis so indeed. If such tricks as these strip you out of your lieutenantry, it had been better you had not kiss'd your three fingers so oft, which now again you are most apt to play the sir in. Very good; well kiss'd! excellent! 'Tis so indeed. Yet again, your fingers to your lips? Would they were clyster-pipes for your sake! The Moor! I know his trumpe.t

Back 12

Iago, aside. In the scene with Desdemona, Emilia, and Cassio after the ladies' return (Act II, scene i). Iago is delighting in the evil he is doing. He's sure he can find means to construct a "web" or "trap" to bring Othello down.

Front 13

That Cassio loves her, I do well believe't,
That she loves im, 'tis apt and of great credit.
The Moor
Is of a constant, loving, noble nature,
And I dare think he'll prove to Desdemona
A most dear husband. Now I do love her too
Not out of absolute lust (though peradventure
I stand accomptant for as great a sin),
But partly led to diet my revenge,
For that I do suspect the lusty Moor
Hath leap'd into my seat; the thought whereof
doth gnaw my inwards;
And nothing can or shall content my soul
Till I am even'd with him, wife for wife...
I'll have our Michael Cassio on the hip,
Abuse him to the Moor in the garb
(For I fear Cassio with my night-cap too),
Make the Moor thank me, love me, and reward me
For making him egregariously an ass,
And practicing upon his peace and quiet
Even to madness.

Back 13

Iago's soliloquy in Act II. Only in soliloquies does he mention his evil intent, and it is difficult to tell how sincerely he believes that his wife is having an affair with Cassio. Seems an afterthought, says he's worried about his reputation though he contradicts this elsewhere. Piling up more evidence than he needs, how reliable is he?

Front 14

--Our general cast us thus early for the love of his Desdemona; who let us not therefore blame. He hath not yet made wanton the night with her; and she is sport for Jove.
--She is a most exquisite lady.
--And I'll warrant her, full of game.
--Indeed she's a most fresh and delicatecreature.
--What an eye she has! Methinks it sounds a parley to provocation.
--An inviting eye; and yet methinks right modest.
--And when she speaks, is it not an alarum to love?
--She is indeed perfection.
--Well, happiness to their sheets!

Back 14

Iago talking to Cassio (Scene 3) objectifying Desdemona, talking about her sexually and lustfully while Cassio refuses to play into this. Iago reduces Des and Othello's love to lust. This attitude toward love eventually corrupts Othello. Again, Iago is taking delight in his crimes, on a power trip. Some psychoanalysts say he has a subconscious sexual inadequacy and hates to see other men happily in love.

Front 15

From whence ariseth tihs?
Are we turn'd Turks, and to ourselves do that
Which heaven hath forbid the Ottomites?
For Christian shame, put by this barbarous brawl.
He that stirs next to carve for his own rage
Holds ihs soul light; he dies upon his motion.
Silence that dreadful bell, it frights the isle
From her propriety. What is the matter, masters?
Honest Iago, that looks dead with grieving,
Speak: who began this? On thy love, I charge thee!

Back 15

Act II Scene 3, Othello to Iago. After fight has woken him from his wedding night with Desdemona.

Front 16

Now by heaven,
My blood begins my safer guides to rule,
And passion, having my best judgment collied
Assays to lead the way. if I stir,
Or do but lift this arm, the best of you
Shall sink in my rebuke. Give me to know
How this foul rout began; who set it on;
And he that is approv'd in this offense,
Though he had twinn'd with me, both at a birth
Shall lose me.

Back 16

Othello to Iago and Montana in Act II Scene iii after the fight. Othello can't stand not having the facts, Iago sees how ill-equipped Othello is to deal w/ doubt

Front 17

Reputation, reputation, reputation! O, I have lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial. My reputation, Iago, my reputation!

Back 17

Cassio, Act II Scene iii, to Iago-obviously very concerned about his reputation; stressing importance.

Front 18

As I am an honest man, I had thought you had receiv'd some bodily would; there is more sense in that than in reputation. Reputation is an idle and most false imposition; oft got without merit, and lost without deserving. You have lost no reputation at all, unless you repute yourself such a loser.

Back 18

Iago, to Cassio, Act II Scene iii, Ironic because later he stresses importance of reputation. Would Iago have been better chocie? He thinks so-he's not entirely trustworthy, undermines his reliability. He doesn't mention loss of lieutenency after line 38, doesn't seem to be prime motive. More boasting than complaining. Obviously hated Othello for a long time (opening lines of play).

Front 19

Excellent wretch! Perdition catch my soul
But I do love thee! and when I love thee not
Chaos is come again.

Back 19

Othello, to Desdemona in Act III Scene iii. "I can't stop loving you until the world is destroyed."

Front 20

I think thou dost;
And for I know thou'rt full of love and honesty,
And weigh'st thy words before thou giv'st them breath,
Therefore these stops of thine fright me the more;
For such things in a false disloyal knave
Are tricks of custom; but in a man that's just
They're close dilations, working from the heart,
that passion cannot rule.
--For Michael Cassio,
I dare be sworn I think that he is honest.
-I think so too.

Back 20

Othello to Iago in Act III Scene iii, after Iago has told him he loves him. Thee of passion vs. reason.

Front 21

I do beseech you,
Though I perchance am vicious in my guess
(As I confess it is my nature's plague
To spy into abuses, and oft my jealousy
Shapes faults that are not, that your wisdom,
From one that so imperfectly conjects,
Would take no notice nor build yourself a trouble
Out of his scattering and unsure observance.
It were not for your quiet nor your good,
Nor my manhood, honesty, and wisdom,
To let you know my thoughts.
...Good name in man and woman, dear my lord
Is the immediate jewel of their souls.
Who steals my purse steals trash; tis something, nothing;
'Twas mine, 'tis his, and has been slave to thousands;
But he that filches from me my good name
Robs me of that which not enriches him,
And makes me poor indeed.

Back 21

Iago to Othello in Act III, torturing Othello with doubts about Desdemona. Cassio in "good name"-keeping Othello in suspense, importance of reputation. Warned about his own?

Front 22

--Poor and content is rich, and rich enough,
But riches fineless is as poor as winter
To him that ever fears he shall be poor.
Good, the souls of all my tribe defend from jealousy!
--Why? why is this?
Think'st thou I'ld make a lie of jealousy?
To tollow still the changes of the moon
with fresh suspicions? No! to be once in doubt
Is to be resolv'd...No, Iago,
I'll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove;
And on the proof, there is no more but this-
Away at once with love or jealousy!

Back 22

First Iago, then Othello. Oth describing that when ever he has doubts he investigates and finds out. Must always know the facts.

Front 23

This fellow's of exceeding honesty,
And knows all [qualities], witha learned spirit,
Of human dealings. If I do prove her haggard,
Though that her jesses were my dear heart strings
I'ld whistle her off, and let down the wind
To prety at fortune. Hapy, for I am black,
And have not those soft parts of conversation
That chamberers have, or for I am delin'd
Into the vale of years (yet that's no tmuch),
She's gone. I am abus'd and my relief
Must be to loathe her.

Back 23

Othello to Iago; having self-doubtabout Desdemona's potential to get sick of him

Front 24

-Ha, ha, false to me?
--Why, how now, general? No more of that.
-Avaunt, be gone! thou hast set me on the rack.
I swear 'tis better to be much abus'd
Than but to know't a little.
--How now, my lord?
-What sense had I in her stol'n hours of lust?
I saw't not, thought it not; it harm'd not me.
I slept the next night well, fed well, was free and merry;
I found not Cassio's kisses on her lips.
He that is robb'd, not wanting what is stol'n
Let him not know't, and he's not robb'd at all
--I am sorry to hear this.
-I had been happy, if the general camp,
Pioners and all, had tasted her sweet body,
So I had nothing known. O now, for ever
Farewell the tranquil mind! farewell content!
Farewell the plumed troops and big wars
That makes ambition virtue! O, farewell!
Farewell the neighing steed and the shrill trump,
The spirit stirring drum, th' ear-piercing fife,
The royal banner, and all quality,
Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war!
And O you mortal engines, whose rude throats
Th'immortal Jove's dread clamors counterfeit,
Farewell! Othello's occupation's gone.

Back 24

Othello to Iago, he can't go on being a soldier because he is too distracted with jealousy.He's being melodramatic in self-pity

Front 25

Make me to see't; or (at the least) so prove it
that the probation bear no hinge nor loop
To hang a doubt on; or woe upon thy life!

Back 25

Othello-cognitive dissonance, can't handle conflicting inner arguments

Front 26

Lie with her? lie on her? We say lie on her,
when they belie her. Lie with her! that's fulsome! Handkerchief-confessions-handkerchief!
To confess, and be hang'd for his labor-first to be hang'd, and then to confess. I tremble at it. Nature would not invest herself in such shadowing passion
without some instruction. It is not words that shakes me thus. Pish! Noses, ears, and lips. Is't possible? Confess? Handkerchief? O devil!

Back 26

Othello, right before falling into a trance because he cannot believe Desdemona's adulterous actions. (Scene 4)

Front 27

Work on,
My medicine, work! Thus credulous fools are caught,
and many worthy and chaste dames even thus
All guiltless meet reproach-what ho! my lord!
My lord, I say! Othello!

Back 27

Iago, delighting in evil (after Oth. has fallen into trance) Pretends to try to wake Othello. Othello takes this as an insult, thinks he is looking for cuckold horns. Othello's increasing self-dout.

Front 28

Alas, to make me
The fixed figure for the time of scorn
to point his slow finger at!
Yet could I bear that too, well, very well;
but there, where I have garner'd up my heart,
Where either I must live or bear no life;
The fountain from the which my current runs-
Or else dries up: to be discarded thence!
Or keep it as a cestern for foul toads
To knot and gender in! Turn thy complexion there,
Patience, thou young and rose-lipp'd cherubin-
Ay, hre look grim as hell.
..O ay, as summer flies are in the shambles,
That quicken even with blowing. O thou weed!
Who art so lovely fair and smell'st so sweet
That the sense aches at thee, would thou hadst never been born!

Back 28

Othello, to Desdemona in Act 4 (near end of play) He is convinced she has made others laugh at him for being a cuckold. He is imagining her having an affair with Cassio (toad allusion-disgusting. Iago succeeds in corrupting the pure love they had. Othello becomes LIKE Iago, hating all women. Iago represents 1/2 of Othello (Desdemona=other half)

Front 29

Was this fair paper, this most goodly book,
Made to write "whore" upon? what committed?
Committed? O thou public commoner,
I should make very forges of my cheeks,
that would to cindesr burn up modesty,
Did I but speek thy deeds. What committed?
Heaven stops the nose at it, and the moon winks;
the bawdy wind, that kisses all it meets,
Is hush'd within the hollow mine of earth
And will not hear't. What committed?

Back 29

Othello, to Desdemona. Natural forces-Accusing her of being a whore.

Front 30

Characterization of Iago?

Back 30

Survival of character from older plays of morality (every man plays)-- "Mankind" character assaulted by vice on one side and virtue on the other. "psychomachia"=mind war, war constantly going on in mind/soul-temptation. Iago represents temptation/vice, Desdemona represents virtuous side. (she loses-death) Can't understand what drives Iago~can't completely understand Satan. ethods: deceit, false evidence of hankerchief, charade between Bianca and Cassio, lied in saying he slept in bed w/ Cassio and Cassio threw his leg over him as if she were w/ Cassio. Othello, the only man who should love and trust Desdemona is the only one who believes Iago.

Front 31

Now, whether he kill Cassio,
Or Cassio him, or each do kill the other,
Every way makes my gain. Live Roderigo,
He calls me to a restitution large
Of gold and jewels that I bobb'd from him
As gifts to Desdemona;
It must not be. If Cassio do remain,
He hath a daily beauty in his life
that makes me ugly; and besides, the Moor
May unfold me to him; there stand I in much peril.
No, he must die. Be't so. I hear him coming.

Back 31

Iago near end of play, to Roderigo. Expresses his pure envy of superior man; personification of Othello's jealousy. Envious of happiness between others, Othello, Desd, Cass, etc. Spiteful. M

Front 32

It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul;
Let me not name it to you, you chaste stars,
It is the cause. yet I'll not shed her blood,
Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow,
And smooth as monumental alabaster.
Yet she must die, else she'll betray more men.
put out the light, and then put out the light:
If I quench thee, thou flaming minister
I canagain thy former light restore,
Should I repent me; but once put out thy light,
Thou cunning'st pattern of excelling nature,
I know not where is that Promethean heat
That can thy light relune. When I hae pluck'd thy rose,
I cannot give it vital growth again,
It needs must wither. I'll smell thee on the tree.
O balmy breath, that doest almost persuade
Justice to break her sword! One mre, one more,
Be thus when thou art dead, and I will kill thee
and love thee after. One more, and that's the last.
So sweet was ne'er so fatal. I must weep,
But they are cruel tears. This sorrow's heavenly,
It strikes where it doth love. She wakes.

Back 32

Othello, near the end of the play when he is about to kill Desdemona. Deems it a more general cause, not as personal; injustice of having true love betrayed. Seems altruistic to himself.

Front 33

My wife, my wife! what wife? I have no wife.
O insupportable! O heavy hour!
Me thinks it should be now a huge eclipse
Of sun and moon, and that th' affrighted globe
Did yawn at alteration.

Back 33

Othello at end of the play, powerful poetic realization that his wife is gone.

Front 34

It did always seem so to us; but now, in the division of the kingdom, it appears not which of the dukes he values most; for equalities are so weighed, that curiosity in neither can make chocie of either's moiety.
..His breeding, sir, hath been at my charge. I have so often blushed to acknowledge him, that now I am brazed to it.
..Sir, this young fellow's mother could;
whereupon she grew round-wombed, and had, indeed, sir, a son for her cradle ere she had a husband for her bed. do you smell a fault?
..But I have, sir, a son by order of law, some year elder than this, who yet is no dearer in my account. Those this knave came something saucily into the world before he was sent for, yet was his mother fair; there was good sport at his making, and the whoreson must be acknowledged.

Back 34

Glouc. in the opening of King Lear, talking to Kent. Shocked that someone is dividing the kingdom. Telling of his bastard son Edmund who was begotten out of adultery, jokingly. (Indicating that Edmund has good reason to despise father and seek revenge later in play) Edmund shows no affection for father. Kent and Gloucester in this opening scene speak in prose as they gossip.

Front 35

Meantime we shall express our darker purpose. Give me the map there. Know that we have divided
In three our kingdom; and 'tis our fast intent
to skae all cares and business from our age,
converring them on younger strengths, while we
Unburthened crawl toward death. Our son of Cornwall
And you, our no less loving son of Albany,
We have this hour a constant will to publish
Our daughters several dowers, that future strife
May be prevented now. The princes, France and Burgundy,
Great rivals in our youngest daughter's love,
Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn,
And here are to be answered. Tell me, my daubhters-
Since now we will divest us, both of rule,
Interest of territory, cares of state-
Which of you shall we say doth love us mos?
That we our largest bounty may extend
Where nature doth with merit challenge.

Back 35

King Lear in the beginning of the play. Grand old man, used to authority, trying to deal with losing his power. Going to give daughters his land and kigdom as wedding gift and to prevent further fighting. Ironically, the opposite occurs. Lear makes the event an important ceremony expecting daughters to tell of love to justify his giving of land. He has already planned who will get what.

Front 36

Describe beginning of King Lear

Back 36

-echoes of doomsday, possibility of infinite loss: great king makes small mistake, loses family, power, friends, health, sanity
-oddly begins with a fairy tale and turns into an overwhelming tragedy. beginning is low key-2 old men gossiping in prose, ordinary speech

Front 37

Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter;
Dearer than eye-sight, space, and liberty;
Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare;
No less than life, with grace, health, beaut, honor;
As much as child e'er loved, or father found;
A love that makes breath poor and speech unable;
Beoynd all manner of so much I love you.

Back 37

Goneril's declaration of love for her father in the opening scene: foulsome, exaggerated, overdone, insincere; obviously just after his gift of land

Front 38

Of all these bounds, even from this line to this,
With shadowy forests and with champains riched,
With plenteous rivers and wide-skirted meads,
We make thee lady: to thine and Albany's issue
Be this perpetual. What says our second daughter,
Our dearest Regan, wife to Cornwall? Speak.

Back 38

Lear's response to Goneril, giving her Albany as he had planned before he even asked her to declare her love.

Front 39

Sir, I am made
Of the self-same metal that my sister is,
And prize me at her worth. In my true heart
I find she names my very deed of love;
Only she comes too short, that I profess
Myself an enemy to all other joys,
Which the most precious square of sense possesses,
And find I am alone felicitate
In your dear highness love.

Back 39

Regan's declaration of love for her father, equally as obscene and insincere as Goneril's speech.

Front 40

To thee and thine hereditary ever
Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom;
No less in space, validity, and pleasure,
Than that conferred on Goneril. Now, our joy,
Although our last and least; to whose young love
The vines of France and milk of Burgundy
Strive to be interessed, what can you say to draw
A thirs more opulent than your sisters? Speak.

Back 40

Lear asks Cordelia to finally declare her love for him, after hearing from her two sisters. It is obviously she is his favorite as he assumes she will declare more love for him.

Front 41

Good my lord,
You have begot me, bred me, loved me; I
Return those duties back as are right fit,
Obey you, love you, and most honor you.
Why have my sisters husbands, if they say
They love you all? Haply, when I shall wed,
That lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry
Half my love with him, half my care and duty.
Sure I shall never marry like my sisters,
To love my father all.

Back 41

Cordelia responds to Lear as he asks his 3 daughters to declare their love for him. She is irritated, answers honestly, curtly, spoiling Lear's ceremony. She is stubborn like her father, loves im according to flesh and bond-you've given me my love. Still seems stubbornly opposed, goes on to mock sisters. Cordelia is obviously inexperienced and young, she speaks honestly but without tact.

Front 42

Let it be so! Thy truth, then, be thy dower!
For by the sacred radiance of the sun,
The mysteries of Hecate, and the night;
By all the operation of the orbs
From whom we do exist and cease to be;
Here I disclaim all my paternal care,
Propinquity and property of blood,
And as a stranger to my heart and me
Hold thee, from this, for ever. The barbarous Scythian,
Or he that makes his generation messes
To gorge his appetite, shall to my bosom
Be as well neighbored, pitied, and relieved,
As thou my sometime daughter.
...Peace, Kent!
Come not between the dragon and his wrath.
I loved her most, and thought to set my rest
On her kind nursery. Hence, and avoid my sight!
So be my grave my peace, as here I give
Her father's heart from her! Call France; who stirs?
Call Burgundy, Cornwall, and Albany,
With my two daughters' dowers digest this third:
Let pride, which she calls plainness, marry her.
I do invest you jointly with my power,
Pre-eminence, and all the large effects
That troop with majesty. Ourself, by monthly course,
With reservation of an hundred knights,
By you to be sustained, shall our abode
Make with you by due turns. Only we still retain
The name, and all the additions to a king;
The sway, revenue, execution of the rest,
Beloved sons, be yours; which to confirm,
This coronet part betwixt you.

Back 42

Lear responds to Cordelia in act 1 scene 1 of the play, disowning her, the mistake that costs him everything he loves. He expresses his wish to maintain the name "Royal," though he will not maintain his power as king.

Front 43

Let it fall rather, though the fork invade
The region of my heart: be Kent unmannerly,
When Lear is mad. What wilt thou do, old man?
Think't thou that duty shall have dread to speak,
When power to flattery bows? To plainness honor's bound,
When majesty stoops to folly. Reverse thy doom,
And in thy best consideration, check
This hideous rashness. Answer my life my judgment,
Thy youngest daughter does not love thee least;
Nor are those empty-hearted whose low sounds
Reverb no hollowness.
..My life I never held but as a pawn
To wage against thy enemies; nor fear to lose it,
thy safety being the motive.
..See better, Lear; and let me still remain
The true blank of thine eye.

Back 43

(King Lear 1.1) Kent tells Lear that he has made a mistake in disowning Cordelia. He publicly humiliates him. Lear orders him to stop, to which he notes that he will at least tell Lear the truth, though he doesn't want to hear it.

Front 44

Upon our kingdom: if, on the tenth day following
Thy banished trunk be found in our dominions,
The moment is thy death. Away! by Jupiter,
this shall not be revoked.
--Fare thee well, king. Sith thus thou wilt appear,
Freedom lives hence, and banishment is here.

Back 44

King Lear (1.1) exiling Kent for telling him that which he does not wish to hear. Speaks in rhymed verse rather than prose, indicates ceremonial moment, heightened movement. Kent responds that "by exiling me, you make me free"

Front 45

When she was dear to us, we did hold her so;
But now her price is fallen. Sir, there she stands;
If aught within that little seeming substance,
Or all of it, with our displeasure pieced,
And nothing more, may fitly like your grace,
She's there, and she is yours...
Unfriended, new adopted to our hate,
Dowered with our curse, and strangered with our oath,
Take her or leave her?

Back 45

Lear offering Cordelia to the prince of Burgundy. Obviously bitter, saying "she's yours, but she has no dowry." (Burgundy doesn't want her without money and weasels his way out)

Front 46

This is most strange,
That she, whom even but now was your best object,
The argument of your praise, balm of your age,
Most best, most dearest, should in this trice of time
Commit a thing so monstrous, to dismantle,
So many folds of favor. Sure, her offense
Must be of such unnatural degree,
That monsters it, or your fore-vouched affection
Fall'n into taint; which to believe of her,
Must be a faith that reason without miracle
Could never plant in me.

Back 46

Prince of France is honest, open-eyed, admire Cordelia though she does not have a dowry, notes how ridiculous King Lear was for disowning her.

Front 47

I yet beseech your majesty-
If for I want that glib and oily art,
To speak and purpose not-since what I well intend,
I'll do't before I speak-that you make known
It is no vicious blot, murder, or foulness,
No unchaste action, or dishonored step,
That hath deprived me of your grace and favor;
But even for want of that for which I am richer,
A still-soliciting eye, and such a tongue
As I am glad I have not, though not to have it
Hath lost me in your liking.

Back 47

(King Lear 1.1) Prince of France has just accepted Cordelia, noted the strangeness of her exile from her father. She tries to explain what she meant in hr response, but still lacks tact, and Lear still misses her point.

Front 48

Is it but this-a tardiness in nature
Which often leaves the history unspoke
That it intends to do? My lord of Burgundy,
What say you to the lady? Love's not love
When it is mingled with regards that stands
Aloof from th' entire point. Will you have her?
She is herself a dowry.

Back 48

Prince of France convinces Burgundy that Cordelia is worth his marriage. (Lear: 1.1)

Front 49

Gods, gods! 't is strange that from their cold'st neglect
My love should kindle to inflamed respect.
Thy dowerless daughter, king, thrown to my chance,
Is queen of us, of ours, and our fair France.
Not all the dukes of waterish Burgundy
Can buy this unprized precious maid of me.
Bid them farewell, Cordelia, though unkind;
Thou losest here, a better where to find.

Back 49

(Lear 1.1) France gratefully accepts Cordelia after she rejects Burgundy (who has reluctantly agreed to marry her). Note rhyme, eloquence. He spoils Lear's plan for revenge by marrying her to Burgundy.

Front 50

The jewels of our father, with washed eyes
Cordelia leaves you. I know you what you are,
And like a sister am most loath to call
Your faults as they are named. Love well our father.
To your professed bosoms I commit him;
But yet, alas, stood I within his grace,
I would prefer him to a better place.
So, farewell to you both.
..Time shall unfold what pleated cunning hides:
Who cover faults, at last shame them derides.
Well may you prosper.

Back 50

Cordelia bids farewell to her sisters in act 1 scene 1 of Lear. She knows they are out for themselves and that she would have pleased her father, she predicts the trouble between them and her father.

Front 51

Let your study
Be to content your lord, who hath received you
At fortune's alms. You have obedience scanted,
And well are worth the want that you have wanted.

Back 51

In act 1.1 of Lear, Goneril bids Cordelia farewell. Speaking in prose, evil sisters trying to strip dad of power-heartless hypocrisy.

Front 52

You see how full of changes his age is; the observation we have made of it hath not been little: he always loved our sister most; and with what poor judgment he hath now cast her off appears too grossly.
--Tis the infirmity of his age; yet he hath ever but slenderly known himself.

Back 52

At the end of Act 1 Scene 1 of King Lear, Goneril and Regan discuss their dad's senility, express their fear that Lear will turn against them. Prose.

Front 53

Thou, nature, art my goddess; to thy law
My services are bound. Wherefore sould I
Stand in the plague of custom, and permit
The curiosity of nations to deprive me,
For that I am some twelve or fourteen moonshines
Lag of a brother? Why bastard? wherefore base?
When my dimensions are as well compact,
My mind as generous and my shape as true,
As honest madam's issue? Why brand they us
With base? With baseness? bastardy? base, base?
Who, in the lusty stealth of nature, take
More composition and fierce quality
Than doth, within a dull, stale, tired bed,
Go to creating a whole tribe of fops,
Got 'tween asleep and wake? Well, then,
Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land.
Our father's love is to the bastard Edmund
As to the legitimate. Fine word-- "legitimate"!
Well, my legitimate, if this letter speed,
And my invention thrive, Edmund the base
Shall top the legitimate. I grow; I prosper.
Now, gods, stand up for bastards!

Back 53

Edmund in Act 1 Scene 2 expressing hopelessness because he is bastard son. Saying that legit kids begotten out of marital duty are begotten without energy and thus are not energetic-lack passion. Children begotten out of true passion are much more interesting, etc. Very confident, invokes nature herself.

Front 54

Kent banished thus? and France in choler parted?
And the king gone tonight? subscribed ihs power?
Confirmed to exhibition? All this done
Upon the gad? Edmund, how now! What news?

Back 54

Gloucester shocked, upset, in Act 1.2 at news from Edmund. Edmund is formidable, good-looking; his treachery is unforgivable but understandable. Edmund forged a letter from Edgar resenting the old. Gloucester believes this, showing how he is too excitable, credulous; no fool, but belives too quickly.

Front 55

Never, my lord. But I have heard him oft maintain it to be fit, that, sons at perfect age, and fathers declining, the father should be as ward to the son, and the son manage his revenue.
--O villain, villain! His very opinion in the letter! Abhorred villain! Unnatural, deteste, brutish villain! worse than brutish! Go, sirrah, seek him. I'll apprehend him. Abominable villain! Where is he?

Back 55

King Lear (1.2); First Edmund, then Gloucester's overly excited response to the false news that Edgar has turned against him.

Front 56

If your honor judge it meet, I will place you where you shall hear us confer of this, and by an auricular assurance have your satisfaction; and that without any further delay than this very evening.

Back 56

Edmund speaking to Glouc. in act 1 scene 2 of Lear, telling him to wait until he has more evidence (this scene never happens in the play).

Front 57

To his father, that so tenderly and entirely loves im. Leaven and eart@ Edmund, seek him out; wind me into him. I pray you; frame the business after your own wisdom. I would unstate myself, to be in a due resolution..These late eclipses in the sun and moon portend no good to us. Though the wisdom of nature can reason it thus and thus, yet nature finds itself scourged by the sequent effects. Love cools, friendship falls off, brothers divide; in cities, mutinies; in countries, discord; in palaces, treason; and the bond cracked 'twixt son and father. This villain of mine comes under the prediction; there's son against father. The king falls from bias of nature; there's father against child. We have seen the best of our time. Machinations, hollowness, treachery, and all ruinous disorders, follow us disquietly to our graves. Find out this villain, Edmund; it shall lose thee nothing; do it carefully. And the noble and true-hearted Kent banished! his offense, honesty! 'Tis strange.

Back 57

Gloucester, when talking to Edmund in 1.2 of Lear. Wants scientific explanations for planets, wants connection; superstitious, not thinking too hard about consequences of actions, out of our hands.

Front 58

This is the excellent foppery of the word, that, when we are sick in fortune, often the surfeit of our own behavior, we make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon, and the stars; as if we were villains by necessity; fools by heavenly compulsion; knaves thieves and treachers, by sherical predominance; drunkards, liars, and adulterers, by an enforced obedience of planetary influence; and all that we are evil in, by a divine thrusting on. An admirable evasion of whore-master man, to lay his goatish disposition to the charge of a star! My father compounded with my mother under the dragon's tail..."

Back 58

Edmund responding to Glouc.'s superstition in 1.2 of Lear, expressing realist beliefs, ridiculousness of superstition, contempt for dad's foolishness.

Front 59

I do serve you in this business.
A credulous father, and a brothe rnoble,
Whose nature is so far from doing harms,
That he suspects none; on whose foolish honesty
My practices ride easy! I see the business,
Let me, if not by birth, have lands by wit:
All with me's meet that I can fashion fit.

Back 59

Edmund at the end of 1.2 in Lear; Edmund is very clever, witty, like Iago; expresses his contempt for victims.

Front 60

By day and night he wrongs me; every hour
He flashes into one gross crime or other
That sets us all at odds. I'll not endure it.
His knights grow riotous and himself upbraids us
On every trifle. whne he returns from hunting,
I will not speak with him. Say I am sick.
If you come slack of former services
..Put on what weary negligence you pleas,e
You and your fellows. I'd have it come to question.
If he dislike it, let him to our sister,
Whose mind and mine, I know, in that are one,
Not to be overruled. Idle old man,
That still would manage those authorities
That he hath given away! Now by my life,
Old fools are babes again, and must be used
With checks as flatteries, when they are seen abused.
Remember what I tell you.

Back 60

Goneril talking to Oswald, her servant, in 1.3 of Lear. She is looking for excuses to attack. She's exaggerating here. Initially seems kind, natural, but like family she is becoming unkind.

Front 61

I can keep honest counsel, ride, run, mar a curious tale in telling it, and deliver a plain message bluntly. That which ordinary men are fit for, I am qualified in; and the best of me is diligence.

Back 61

Kent (disguised) talking to Lear in 1.4. Naturally charismatic, he presents himself powerfully.

Front 62

Thou but rememberest me of mine own conception. I have perceived a most faint neglect of late; which I have rather blamed as mine own jealous curiosity than as a very pretense and purpose of unkindness. I will look further into 't. But where's my fool? I have not seen him this two days.
--Since my young lady's going into France, sir, the fool hath much pined away.
-No more of that; I have noted it well. Go you and tell my daughter I would speak with her.
..My lady's father! My lor'ds knave! You whoreson dog! you slave! you cur!

Back 62

Here Lear talks to Oswals; furious with him (for some reason), doesn't want to be reminded of mistakenly sending away Cordelia.

Front 63

For taking one's part that's out of favor. Nay, an thou canst not smile as the wind sits, thou'lt catch cold shortly. There, take my coxcomb! Why, thi sfellow has banished two on's daughters, and did the third a blessing against his will. If thou follow him, thou must needs wear my coxcomb. How now, nuncle! Would I had two coxcombs and two daughters!

Back 63

The fool, talking to Lear in 1.4. First time we meet fool; not quite right, but sometimes points out truth's-shakespeare's commentary comes thru.

Front 64

Not only, sir, this your all-licensed fool,
But other of your insolent retinue
Do hourly carp and quarrel, breaking forth
In rank and not-to-be-endured riots. Sir,
I had thought, by making this well known unto you,
to have found a safe redress; but now grow fearful,
By what yourself too late have spoke ofdone,
That you protect this course, and put it on
By your allowance; which if you should, the fault
Would not 'scape censure, nor the redresses sleep,
Which, in the tender of a wholesome weal,
Might in their working do you that offense,
Which else were shame, that then necessity

Will call discreet proceeding.

Back 64

Goneril to Lear in 1.4. Lear is surprised by this speech..look this up..

Front 65

Detested kite! thou liest;
My train are men of chocie and rarest points,
That all particulars of duty know,
And in the most exact regard support
The worships of their name. O most small fault
How ugly didst thou in Cordelia show!
That, like an engine, wrench'd my frame of nature
From the fixed place; drew from my heart all love,
And added to the gall. O Lear, Lear, Lear!
Beat at this gate, that let thy folly in, (striking his head)
And thy dear judgment out! go, go, my people!

Back 65

Lear to Goneril in 1.4. Furious that he has made incorrect choice.

Front 66

Hear, Nature, hear! dear goddess, hear!
Suspend thy purpose, if thou didst intend
To make this creature fruitful!
Into her womb convey sterility!
Dry up in her the organs of increase;
And from her derogate body never spring
A babe to honor her! If she must teem,
Create her child of spleen, that it may live
And be a thwart, disnatured torment to her!
let it stamp wrinkles in her brow of youth;
With cadent tears fret channels in her cheeks;
Turn all her mother's pains and benefits
to laughter and contempt, that she may feel
How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is
To have a thankless child. Away, away!

Back 66

Lear to Goneril in 1.4. Furious. Note references to nature and disnatured.

Front 67

I'll tell thee. Life and death! I am ashamed that thou hast power to shake my manhood thus;
That these ho tears, which break from me perforce,
The untented woundings of a father's curse
Pierce every sense about thee! Old fond eyes,
Beweep this cause again, I'll pluck ye out!
And cast you with the waters that you lose,
To temper clay. Yea, is it come to this?
Let it be so. yet have I left a daughter,
who, I am sure, is kind and comfortable.
when she shall hear this of thee, with her nails
She'll flay thy wolvish visage. Thou shalt find
That'll resume the shape which thou dost think
I have cast off for ever; thou shalt, I warrant thee.

Back 67

Lear to Goneril in 1.4.

Front 68

Safer than trust too far;
Let me still take away the harms I fear,
Not fear still to be taken. I know his heart.
What he hath uttered I ahve writ my sister.
If she sustain him and his hundred knights,
When I have showed the unfitness--

Back 68

Goneril to Albany in 1.4 of Lear, after getting scolded by Lear.

Front 69

Take you some company, and away to horse!
Inform her full of my particular fear,
And thereto add such reasons of your own
As may compact it more. Get you gone,
And hasten your return.
No, no my lord,
This milky gentleness and course of yours
though I condmn not, yet, under pardon,
You are much more attaxed for want of wisdom
than praised for harmful mildness.

Back 69

Goneril to Albany at the end of 1.4 of Lear. Unnatural woman will later be evil, faithless

Front 70

"If a man's brains were in's heels, weren't not in danger of kibes?
Then I prithee, be merry; thy wit shall ne'er go slipshod.
Shalt see thy other daughter will use thee kindly; for though she's as like this as a crab's like an apple, yet I can tell what I can tell.
She will taste as like this as a crab does to a crab. Thou canst tell why one's nose stands i' the middle on's face?
Why, to keep one's eyes of either side's nose, that what a man cannot smell out, 'a may spy into.
--I did her wrong.

Back 70

The fool at the very end of Act 1 of Lear. Talking to Lear, speaking the truth, makes Lear realize "he did Cordelia wrong."

Front 71

The duke be here tonight? The better! best!
This weaves itself perforce into my business.
And I have one thing, of a queasy question,
Which I must act. Briefness and fortune, work!
Brother, a word! Descend! Brother, I say!
My father watches. O sir, fly this place!
Intelligence is given where you are hid.
You have now the good advantage of the night.
Have you not spoken 'gainst the Duke of Cornwall?
He's coming hither; now, i' the night, i' the haste,
And Regan with him: have you nothing said
Upon his party -gainst the Duke of Albany?
Advise yourself.

Back 71

Edmund alone, and then to Edgar beginning of Scene 2 of Lear..look this up..

Front 72

A knave; a rascal; an eater of broken meats; a base, proud, shallow, beggarly, three-suited, hundred-pound, filthy, worsted-stocking knave; a lily-livered, action-taking knave; a whoreson, glass-gazing, superserviceable, finical rogue; one-trunk-inheriting slave; one that wouldst be a bawd in way of good service, and art nothing but the composition of a knave, beggar, coward, pandar, and the son and heir of a mongrel bitch; one whom i will beat into clamorous whining, if thou deniest the least syllable of thy addition.
--Why what a monstrous fellow art thou, thus to rail on one that is neither known of thee nor knows thee!
-What a brazen-facedvarlet art thou, to deny thou knowest me! Is it two days ago since I tripped up thy heels, and beat thee before the king? Draw, you rogue! For though it be night, yet the moon shines. I'll make a sop of the moonshine of you. Draw, you whoreson cullionly barber-monger, draw! ..Draw you rascal! You come with letters against the king, and take Vanity the puppet's part against the royalty of her father. Draw, you rogue, or I'll so carbonado your shanks! Draw, you rascal! Come your ways!

Back 72

Kent talking to Oswald 2.2 of Lear. Kent is absolutely furious with Oswald, delivers some of the most shocking, awful insults. Oswald-too eager to serve goneril, previously scuffled w/ Kent, but these insults seem relatively unprovoked.

Front 73

Thou whoreson zed! thou unnecessary letter! My lord, if you will give me leave, I will tread this unbolted villain into mortar, and daub the walls of a jakes with him. Spare my gray beard, you wagtail?...That such a slave as this should wear a sword,
Who wears no honesty. such smiling rogues as these,
Like rats, oft bite the holy cords a-twain
Which are too intrinse t'unloose; smooth every passion
that in natures of their lords rebel;
Bring oil to fire, snow to their colder moods:
Renege, affirm, and turn their halcyon beaks
With every gale and vary of their masters,
Knowing nought, like dogs, but folowing.
A plague upon your epileptic visage!
Smile you my speeches, as I were a fool?
Goose, if I had you upon Sarum plain
I'ld drive ye cackling home to Camelot...No contraries hold more antipathy
Than I and such a knave.

Back 73

Kent continuing to attack oswald in 2.2 of Lear. Anger seems to come from Goneril's mistreatment of Lear. Concludes that they're opposite types of people.

Front 74

I heard myself proclaimed;
And by the happy hollow of a tree
Escaped the hunt. No port is ree; no place,
That guard and most unusual vigilance,
Does not attend my taking. Whiles I may 'scape,
I will preserve myself; and am bethought
To take the basest and most poorest shape
That ever penury, in contempt of man,
Brought near to beast. My face I'll grime with filth,
Blanket my loins, elf all my hair in knots,
And with presented nakedness out-face
The winds and persecutions of the sky.
The country gives me proof and precedent
Of Badlam beggars, who, with roaring voices,
Strike in their numbed and mortified bare arms
Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary;
And with this horrible object, from low farms,
Poor pelting villages, sheep-cotes, and mills,
Sometime with lunatic bans, sometime with prayers,
Enforce their charity. Poor Turlygod! poor Tom!
That's something yet! Edgar I nothing am.

Back 74

Edgar's first soliloquy, 2.3 of Lear. Worried about people trying to capture him, decides to disguise himself as a poor beggar.

Front 75

They would not, could not do't. Tis worse than murder,
To do upon respect such violent outrage.
Resolve me, with all modest haste, which way
Thou mightst deserve, or they impose, this usage,
Coming from us.

Back 75

Lear (2.4); shocked that Regan and Cornwall had tied Kent up.

Front 76

My lord, when at their home
I did commend your highness; letters to them,
Ere I was risen from the place that showed
My duty kneeling, came there a reeking post,
Stewed in his haste, half breathless, panting forth
From Goneril his mistress, salutations;
Delivered letters, spite of intermission,
Which presently they read; on whose contents,
They summoned up their meiny, straight took horse;
Commanded me to follow, and attend
The leisure of their answer, gave me cold looks,
And meeting here the other messenger,
Whose welcome, I perceived, had poisoned mine-
Being the very fellow that of late
Displayed so saucily against your highness-
Having more man than wit about me drew.

Back 76

Kent, responding to Lear (2.4) after being tied up by Regan/Cornwall. Explains why they had tied him, tells him of the recent events.

Front 77

Winter's not gone yet, if the wild-geese fly that way.
Do make their children blind;
But fathers that bear bags
Shall see their children kind.
Fortune, that arrant whore,
Ne'er turns the key to the poor.
But, for all this, thou shalt have as many dolors for thy daughters ars thou canst tell in a year.

Back 77

Fool, to Lear (2.4) ridiculing him for what he's done to his daughters.

Front 78

We'll set thee to school to an ant, to teach thee there's no laboring i' the winter. all that follow their noses are led by their eyes but blind men, and there's not a nose among twenty but can smell him that's stinking. Let go thy hold when a great wheel runs down a hill, lest it break thy neck with following it; but the great one that goes up the hill, let him draw thee after. When a wise man gives thee better counsel, give me mine again. I would have none but knaves follow it, since a fool gives it.

Back 78

The fool, to Lear. 2.4. Though silly, here he is actually speaking the truth. Note the switch from prose to poetry.

Front 79

-Deny to speak with me? They are sick? They are weary?
They have traveled all the night? Mere fetches;
The images of revolt and flying off.
Fetch me a better answer.
-My dear lord,
You know the fiery quality of the duke;
How unremoveable and fixed he is
In his own course.
-Vengeance! plague! death! confusion!
Fiery? What quality? Why, Gloucester, Gloucester
I'd speak with the Duke of Cornwall and his wife.
-Well, my good lord, I have informed them so.
-..-The king would speak with Cornwall; the dear father
Would with his daughter speak, commands her service.
Are they informed of this? My breath and blood!
Fiery? the fiery duke? Tell the ho duke that-
No, but not yet. May be he is not well.
Infirmity doth still neglect all office
Whereto our health is bound; we are not ourselves
When nature, being oppressed, commands the mind
To suffer with the body. I'll forbear;
And am falen out with my more headier will,
To take the indisposed and sickly fit
For the sound man. Death on my state! Where
Should he sit here?

Back 79

Lear and Gloucester in 2.4. He tries to smooth things over. "death on my state" - resigns royal authority; ironically, this already happened.

Front 80

Cry to it, nuncle, as the cockney did to the eels
when she put 'em i' the paste alive; she kidnapped 'em o'
the coxcomb with a stik, and cried " Down, wantons,
down!" 'Twas her brother that, in pure kindness to his horse, buttered his hay.

Back 80

Fool in 2.4 of Lear; uses simile to describe Lear's foolish kindness to his daughters.

Front 81

I think you are; I know what reason
I have to think so. If thou shouldst not be glad,
I would divorce me from thy mother's tomb,
Sepulchring an adultress. (to another) O, are you free?
Some other time for that. Beloved Regan,
Thy sister's naught. O Regan, she hath tied
Sharp-toothed unkindness, like a vulture, here!
I can scarce speak to thee; thou'lt not believe
with how depraved a quality

Back 81

Lear to Regan in 2.4. telling her Goneril had been unkind to him. Regan suggests that he is just old and unreasonable and that he should go to Goneril and beg for forgiveness.

Front 82

I pray you, sir, take patience. I have hope
You less know how to value her desert
Than she to scant her duty... I cannot think my sister in the least
Would fail hre obligation. If, sir, perchance
She have restrained the riots of your followers,
'Tis on such ground, and to such wholesome end,
As clears her from all blame...O, sir, you are old;
Nature in you stands on the very verge
Of her confine. you should be ruled and led
By some discretion, that discerns your state
Better than you yourself. Therefore I pray you,
That to our sister you do make return;
Say you have wronged her sir.

Back 82

Regan to Lear in 2.4, after Lear has told her how mean Goneril has been, she suggests he is senile and to go to Goneril and beg for forgiveness.

Front 83

Ask ehr forgiveness?
Do you but mark how this becomes the house.
"Dear daughter, I confess that I am old;
Age is unnecessary. On my knees I beg
That you'll vouchsafe me raiment, bed, and food.
...Never, Regan!
She hath abated me of half my train;
Looked black upon me; struck me with her tongue
Most serpent-like, upon the very heart.
All the stored vengeances of heaven fall
On her ingrateful top! Strike her young bones,
you talking airs, with lameness!

Back 83

Lear in response to Regan in 2.4. Regan has told him to beg Goneril for forgiveness, but he refuses and he gets down on his hands and knees begging her for hospitality.

Front 84

You nimble lightnings, dart your blinding flames
Into her scornful eyes! Infect her beauty,
You fen-sucked fogs, drawn by the powerful sun,
To fall and blast her pride.
..No, Regan, thou shalt never have my curse.
Thy tender-hafted nature shall not give
Thee o'er to harshness. Her eyes are fierce; but thine
Do comfort and not burn. 'Tis not in thee

To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train,
To bandy hasty wods, to scant my sizes,
And in conclusion to oppose the bol
Against my coming in. Thou better know'st
The offices of nature, bond of childood,
Effects of courtesy, dues of gratitude;
Thy half o' the kingdom hast thou not forgot,
wherin I thee endowed.

Back 84

Lear to Regan in 2.4. appearing totally pathetic. Begging her for help and hospitality to which she is not sympathetic-calls him senile.

Front 85

Who stocked my servant? Regan, I have good hope
Thou didst not know on't.
Who comes here? O heavens,
If you do love old men, if your sweet sway
Allow obedience, if yourselves are old,
Make it your cause! Send down, and take my part!
Art not ashamed to look up on this beard?
O Regan, wilt thou take her by the hand?

Back 85

2.4 of Lear. Regan and Goneril join hands in opposing their father-deeming him senile.

Front 86

Return to her, and fifty men dismissed?
No, rather I abjure all roofs, and choose
To wage against the enmity o' the air;
To be a comrade with the wolf and owl-
Necessity's sharp pinch! Return with her?
Why, the hot-blooded France, that dowerless took
Our youngest born, I could as well be brought
to knee his throne, and squire-like, pension beg
to keep base life afoot. Return with her?
Persuade me rather to be slave and sumpter
To this detested groom.
..I prithee, daughter, do not make me mad.
I will not trouble thee, my child; farewell.
We'll no more meet, no more see one another.
but yet thou art my flesh, my blood, my daughter
Or rather a disease that's in my flesh,
Which I must needs call mine. Thou art a boil,
A plague-sore, an embossed carbuncle,
In my corrupted blood. But I'll not chide thee;
Let shame come when it will, I do not call it.
I do not bid the Thunder-bearer shoot,
Nor tell tales of thee to high-judging Jove.
Mend when thou cast; be better at thy leisure.
I can be patient, I can say with Regan,
I and my hundred knights.

Back 86

Lear to Regan (2.4) continuing his refusal to return to Goneril and give up 50 of his men. Describes his obligation to his family, wishes to stay with his hundred knights.

Front 87

Not altogether so, sir.
I looked not for you yet, nor am provided
For your fit welcome. Give ear, sir, to my sister.
For those that mingle reason with your passion
230 Must be content to think you old, and so—
But she knows what she does.
I dare avouch it, sir. What, fifty followers?
Is it not well? What should you need of more—
Yea, or so many—sith that both charge and danger
235 Speak 'gainst so great a number? How, in one house,
Should many people under two commands
Hold amity? 'Tis hard; almost impossible.

Back 87

Regan to Lear (2.4) tries to get Lear to go to Goneril, tries to convince him he's old and senile and he should give up his army, etc.

Front 88

O, reason not the need! Our basest beggars
Are in the poorest thing superfluous.
Allow not nature more than nature needs,
Man's life's as cheap as beast's. Thou art a lady.
265 If only to go warm were gorgeous,
Why, nature needs not what thou gorgeous wear'st,
Which scarcely keeps thee warm. But, for true need—
You heavens, give me that patience, patience I need.
You see me here, you gods, a poor old man,
270 As full of grief as age, wretched in both.
If it be you that stir these daughters' hearts
Against their father, fool me not so much
To bear it tamely. Touch me with noble anger.
And let not women's weapons, water drops,
275 Stain my man's cheeks! No, you unnatural hags,
I will have such revenges on you both
That all the world shall—I will do such things—
What they are yet I know not, but they shall be
The terrors of the earth. You think I'll weep?
280 No, I'll not weep.
I have full cause of weeping, but this heart
Shall break into a hundred thousand flaws
Or ere I'll weep. O feel, I shall go mad!

Back 88

Lear to Regan in 2.4. Lear is losing his mind, daughters trying to persuade him he doesn't need servants/knights. Unnecessary fancy clothes-personal need/identity. Appearance vs. reality

Front 89

O sir, to willfull men,
The injuries that they themselves procure
Must be their schoolmasters. Shut up your doors.
He is attended with a desperate train;
And what they may incense to him, being apt
To have his ear abused, wisdom birds fear.

Back 89

Regan to Cornwall at the end of 2.4. Says Lear should learn from his mistakes-heartless but true.

Front 90

Come on, my boy. How dost, my boy? Art cold?
I am cold myself. Where is this straw, my fellow?
The art of our necessities is strane,
That can make vile things precious. Come, your hovel.
Poor fool and knave. I have one part in my heart
That's sorry yet for thee.

Back 90

Lear (3.2) talking w/ Kent and Fool. Here, Lear is sympathetic to the fool, finally thinking of others than himself. More and more likened to the fool/madman.

Front 91

When priests are more in word than matter;
When brewers mar their malt with water;
When nobles are their tailors tutors;
No heretics burned, but wenches' suitors;
When every case in law is right;
No squire in debt, nor no poor knight;
When slanders do not live in tongues,
Nor cutpurses come not to throngs;
When usurers tell their gold i' the field
And bawds and whores do churches build;
Than shall the realm of Albion
Come to great confusion.
Then comes the time, who lives to see 't,
That going shall be used with feet.

Back 91

fall of Britain=disorder. Fool in Lear 3.2.

Front 92

Alack, alack, Edmund, I like not this unnatural dealing. when I desired their leave that I might pity him, they took from me the use of mine own house; charged me, on pain of their perpetual displeasure, neither to speak of him, entreat for him, nor any way sustain him.

Back 92

Gloucester to Edmund in 3.3 of Lear. she finally takes a stand. Note "unnatural"

Front 93

Thou think'st 'tis much that this contentious storm
Invades us to the skin. So 'tis to thee;
But where the greater malady is fixed,
The lesser is scarce felt. Thou'dst shun a brea;
But if thy flight lay toward the raging sea,
Thou'dst meet the bear i' the mouth. When the mind's free,
The body's delicate. The tempest in my mind
Doth from my senses take all feeling else
Save what beats there. Filial ingratitude!
Is it not as this mouth should tear this hand
For lifting food to 't? But I will punish home.
No, I will weep no more. In such a night
to shut me out! Pour on; I will endure.
In such a night as this! O Regan, goneril!
Your old kind father, whose frank heart gave all0
O, that way madness lies; let me shun that;
No more of that.
..Poor naked wretches, whereso'er you are,
That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm,
How shall your houseless heads and unfed sides,
Your looped and windowed raggedness, defend you
From seasons such as these? O, I have ta'en
Too little care of this! Take physic, pomp;
Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel, That thou mayst shake the superflux to them.

Back 93

Lear in 3.4. Crazy with grief, self-pity, feverish. Learned new sympathy for common suffering of humanity

Front 94

Who gives any thing to poor Tom? whom the foul fiend hath led through fire and through flame, through ford and whirlpool, o'er bog and quagmire; that hath laid knives under his pillow and halters in his pew; set rastane by his porridge; made him proud of heart, to ride on a bay trotting-horse over four-inhed bridgers, to course his own shadow for a traitor. Bless thy five wits! Tom's a-cold-O, do, de, do ,de ,do de. Bless thee from whirlwinds, star-blasting, and taking! Do poor Tom some charity, whom the foul fiend vexes: there could I have him now--and there--and there again, and there.

Back 94

Edgar pretending to be "Tom," the beggar in 3.4 of Lear. Lists ways "foul fiend" tempts Edgar to commit suicide.

Front 95

Death, traitor! Nothing could have subdued nature
To such a lowness but his unkind daughters.
Is it the fashion that discarded fathers
Should have thus little mercy on their flesh?
Judicious punishment! 't was this flesh begot
Those pelican daughters

Back 95

Lear in 3.4.

Front 96

A serving man, proud in heart and mind; that curled my hair..served the lust of my mistress' heart...one that slept in the contriving of lust, and waked to do it. Wine loved I deeply; dice dearly; and in woman out paramoured the Turk. False of heart, light of ear, bloody of hand; hog in sloth, fox in stealth...Let not the creaking of shoes nor the rustling of silks betray thy poor heart to woman. Keep thy foot out of brothels, thy hand out of plackets, thy pen from lenders' brooks, and defy the foul fiend. Still through the hawthorn blows the cold wind: Says suum, mun, ha, no..

Back 96

Edgar in 3.4 of Lear, talking to Lear. Edgar is pretending to be mad, Lear, who is actually mad, is judging humanity/nature/giving advice (ironic) Lear relates to fool indicating his madness.

Front 97

Why, thou wert better in thy grave than to answer with thy uncovered body this extremity of the skies. Is man no more than this? Consider him well. Thou owest the worm no silk, the beast no hide, the sheep no wool, the cat no perfume. Ha! here's three on's are sophisticated! Thouart the thing itself; unaccommodated man is no more but such a poor, bare, forked animal as thou art.

Back 97

Lear in 3.4 talking to Edgar disguised as a fool. Lear relates to the fool, showing how he has gone mad. He tears off his clothes so that he can completely relate to Edgar at this time.

Front 98

Go in with me. My duty cannot suffer
To obey in all your daughters hard commands:
though their injunction be to bar my doors,
And let this tyrannous night take hold upon you
Yet have i ventured to come seek you out.
And bring you where bth fire and food is ready.
..His daughters seek his death; ah, that good Kent!
He said it would be thus, poor banished man!
Thou say'st the king grows mad; I'll tell thee, friend,
I am almost mad myself. I had a son,
Now outlawed from my blood. He sought m y life.
But lately, very late, I loved him, friend;
No father his son dearer. True to tell thee
The grief hath crazed my wits. What a night's this!
I do beseech your grace-

Back 98

Gloucester to Lear and Edgar in 3.4. (look up..)

Front 99

It shall be done; I will arraign them straight.
Come, sit thou here, most learned justicer;
Thou, sapient sir, sit here. Now, you she foxes

Back 99

Lear (to Edgar, then to the Fool) in 3.6. Ironic-madman judging humanity. Viewers get this perspective.

Front 100

Arraign her first; this Goneril. I here take my oath before this honorable assembly, she kicked the poor king her father. ..And here's another, whose warped looks proclaim
What store her heart is made on. Stop her there!
Arms, arms, sword, fire! Corruption in theplace!
False justicer, why hast thou let her 'scape?

Back 100

Lear talking to fool about Goneril (3.6). Understatement.

Front 101

Then let them anatomize Regan; see what breeds
about her heart. Is there any cause in nature that makes these hard hearts? You, sir, I entertain for one of my hundred;

Back 101

Lear to Edgar and Kent in 3.6.

Front 102

Oppressed nature sleeps;
This rest might yet have balmed thy broken sinews,
Which, if convenience will notallow,
Stand in hard cure. come, help to bear
thy master:
Thou must not stay behind.

Back 102

Kent in 3.7 of Lear.

Front 103

When we our betters see bearing our woes,
We scarcely think our miseries our foes.
Who alone suffers suffers most i' themind,
Leaving free things and happy shows behind:
But then the mind much sufferance doth o'erskip
When grief hath mates, and bearing felowship.
How light and portable my pain seems now,
When that which makes me bendmakes the king bow;
he childed as I fathered! Tom, away!
Mark the high noises, andthyself bewray
When false opinion whose wrong thought defiles thee,
In thy just proof repeals and reconciles thee.
What will hap more tonight, safe 'scape the king!

Back 103

Edgar revealing himself at the end of 3.6 of Lear.

Front 104

Because I would not see thy cruel nails
Pluck out his poor old eyes; nor thy fierce sister
In his anointed flesh stick boarish fangs.
The sea, with such a storm as his bare head
In hell-black night endured, would have buyoed up
And quenched the stelled fires.
Yet, poor old heart, he holp the heavens to rage.
If wolves had at thy gate holwed that dern time,
Thou shouldst have said "Good porter, turn the key.
All cruels else subscribed. But I shall see
The winged vengeance overtake such children.

Back 104

Gloucester in 3.7 of Lear, talking to Regan and Cornwall. Helps Lear get to Dover, fuels action. Physical blinding-sees things new way/inwardly.

Front 105

I have no way, and therefore want no eyes;
I stumbled when I saw. Full oft 'tis seen,
Our means secure us,and our mere defects
Prove our commodities. o dear son Edgar
The food of thy abused father's wrath!
Might I but live to see thee in my touch,
I'd say I had eyes again!
..He has some reason, else he could not beg.
I' the last night's storm I such a fellow saw;
Whichmade me think a man a worm. My son
Came then into my mind, and yet my mind
Was then scarce friends with him. I have heard more since.
As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods;
The kill us for their sport.

Back 105

Glouc to the Old Man in 4.1 of Lear. His blindness has led him to see the truth-pessimism. Says there are no Gods helping them in life, quite the opposite (despair)

Front 106

Here, take this purse, thou whom the heavens; plagues
Have humbled to all strokes. That I am wretched
Makes thee the happier. Heavens, deal no still!
Let the superfluous and lust-dieted man,
That slaves your ordinance, that will not see
Because he doth not feel, feel your power quickly;
So distribution should undo excess,
And each man have enough. Doest thouknow Dover?

Back 106

Glouc. to Edgar in 4.1 of Lear. Exactly parallel to Lear's speech-expose oneself to feel what sufferers feel. Both picked the wrong child.

Front 107

O you mighty gods!
This world I do renounce,and, in your sights,
Shake patiently my great affliction off.
If I could bear it longer, and not fall
To quarrel with your great opposeless wills
My snuff and loathed part of nature should
Burn itself out. If Edgar live, O, bless him!"

Back 107

Glouc in 4.6 of Lear, to Edgar. Edgar had led him blind to the top of a cliff, let him go on with the charade of trying to commit suicide.

Front 108

Nature's above art in that respect. There's your press money. That fellow handles his bow like a crow-keeper. Draw me a clothiers yard. Look, look, a mouse! Peace, peace; this piece of toasted cheese will do 't. There's my gauntlet; I'll prove it on a giant. Bring up the brown bills. O, well flown, bird! i' the clout, i' the clout.
..Ha! Goneril, with a white beard! They flattered me like a dog; and told me I had white hairs in my beard ere the black ones were there. To say "aye" and "no" to everything that I siad! --"Aye" and "no" too was no good divinity. When the rain came to wet me once, and the wind to make me chatter; when the thunder would not peace at my bidding; there I found 'em, there I smelt em out. Go to, they are not men o' their words!
..Adultery?
Thou shalt not die. Die for adultery? No.
The wren goes to 't, and the smal gilded fly
Does lecher i my sight.
let copulation thrive; for Gloucester's bastard son
Was kinder to his father than my daughters
got 'tween the lawful sheets. To 't luxury, pellmell!
For I lack soldiers. Behold yond simpering dame,
Whose face b/t her forks presages snow;
That minces virtue, and does shake the head
To hear of pleasures name;
The fitchew, nor the soiled horse, goes to 't
With a more riotous appetite.
Down fromt he waist they are Centaurs,
Though women all above,
But to the girdle do the gods inherit.
Beneath is all the fiends; there's hell, there's darkness,
There's the sulphurous pit, burning, scalding,
Stench, consumption! Fie, fie fie! pah! pah!
Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, To sweeten my imagination.

Back 108

Lear in 4.6. Look this up. End-loating/contempt for wall of women. (~Hamlet)

Front 109

And the creature run from the cur? There thou
mightst hold the great image of authority: a dog's obeyed in office.
Thou rascal beadle, hold thy bloody hand!
Why dost thou lash that whore? Strip thine own back;
Thou hotly lusts to use her in that kind
For which thou whipp'st her. The usurer hangs the cozener.
Through tattered clothes small vices do appear;
Robes and furred gowns hide all. Plate sin with gold
and the strong lance of justice hurtless breaks
Arm it in rags, a pigmys straw does pierce it
Nome does offend, none, I say, none; I'll able 'em
Take that of me, my friend, who have the power
To seal the accuser's lips. Get thee glass eyes;
And, like a scurvy polititcian, seem
To see the things that dost not.
..When we are born, we cry that we are come
To this great stage of fools. This a good block;
It were a delicate stratagem, to shoe
a troop of horse with felt. I'll put 't in proof;
And when I have stol'n upon these sons-in-law,
Then, kill kill kill kill

Back 109

Lear in 4.6 to Glouc.

Front 110

O you kind gods,
Cure this great breach in his abused nature!
The untuned and jarring senses, O, wind up
Of this child-changed father!
..Had you not been their father, these white flakes
Had challenged pity of them. Was this a face
to be opposed against the warring winds?
To stand against the deep dread-bolted thunder?
In the most terrible and nimble stroke
Of quick, cross lightning? to watch-poor perdu!-
With this thin helm? Mine enemy's dog,
Though he had bit me, should have stood that night
Against my fire; and wast thou fain, poor father,
To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlorn,
In short and musty straw?

Back 110

Cordelia in 4.7 of Lear. Changing of clothes is very symbolic; fresh clothes-new man about to emerge.

Front 111

You do me wrong to take me out o' the grave.
Thou art a soul in bliss; but I am bound
upon a wheel of fire, taht mine own tears
Do scald like molten lead.
..Where have I been? Where am I? Fair daylight?
I am mightily abused. I should e'en die w/ pity,
To see another thus. I know not what to say.
I will not swear these are my hands. Let's see
I feel this pin prick. Would I were assured of my condition!

Back 111

Lear in 4.7 to Cordelia. thinks he is dead and Cordelia is angel; madman.

Front 112

Pray, do not mock me.
I am very foolish fond old man,
Fourscore and upward, not an hour more nor less;
And, to deal plainly,
I fear I am not in my perfect mind.
Methinks I should know you,and know this man;
Yet I am doubtful; forI am mainly ignoratnt
What place this is; and all the skill I have
Remembers not these garments; nor I know not
Where I did lodge last night. Do not laugh at me;
For, as I am a man, I think this lady
To be my child Cordelia.
..Be your tears wet? Yes, faith. I pray, weep not.
If you have poison for me, I will drink it.
I know you do not love me; for your sisters
Have, as I do remember, done me wrong.
You have some cause, they have not.

Back 112

Lear near end of play. Kneeling again,but much mroe humbly now. Unlike earlier when kneeling before Goneril and Regan. New side of Lear's personality-simplicity, humility, admission

Front 113

We are not the first
Who with the best meaning, have incurred the worst.
For thee, oppressed king, am I cast down;
Myself could else-out frown false Fortunes frown.
Shall we not see these daughters and these sisters.
--No, no! come, let's away to prison.
We two alone will sing like birds i' the cage.
when thou dost ask me blessing. I'll kneel down,
And ask of thee forgiveness. So we'll live,
And pray, and sing, and tell old tales, and laugh
At gilded butterflies, and hear poor rogues
Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too,
Who loses and who wins; who's in and who's out;
And take upon 's the mystery of things
As if we were god's spies; and we'll wear out,
In a walled prison, packs and sects of great ones,
That ebb and flow by the moon.

Back 113

Cordelia and Lear in 5.3. Cordelia starts, trying to comfort him as they're being taken to a prison. Lear humbly accepts his fate, things come and go, never would have spoken this way earlier in the play.

Front 114

Away, old man! give me thy hand! away!
King Lear hath lost, he and his daughter ta'en.
Give me thy hand! come on!
No farther, sir; a man may rot even here.
What in ill thoughts again? Men must endure
Their going hence, even as their coming hither;
Ripeness is all. Come on!

Back 114

Edgar to Glouc in 5.2 of Lear. Slipping back into despair, says one should die when it's right to die.

Front 115

Howl, howl! O, you are men of stones;
Had I your tongues and ees, I'd use them so
That heaven's vault should crack. She's gone forever!
I know when one is dead, and when one lives;
She's dead as earth. lend me a looking-glass;
If that her breath will mist or stain the stone,
Why then she lives.
..A plague upon you, murderers, traitors all!
I might have saved her; now she's gone for ever!
Cordelia, Cordelia! stay a little. Ha!
What is 't thou say' st? Her voice was ever soft,
Gentle, and low, an excellent thing in woman,
I killed the slave and was a-hanging thee.
..I have seen the day, with my good biting falchion
I would have made them skip: I am old now,
And these same crosses spoil me. Who are you?
Mine eyes are not o' the best. I'll tell you straight.

Back 115

Lear in 5.3 Discussing how individualism turned Regan and Gon into beasts lost w/o social order. Need interesting clothing, sexual restraints (Edgar breaks social bonds. Destruction of basic unit: family) Couldn't recognize Cordelia at first, now he can't recognize Kent.

Front 116

And my poor fool is hanged! No, no no life!
Why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life,
And thou no breath at all? Thou'lt come no more,
Never, never, never, never!
Play you, undo this button, Thank you sir.

Back 116

Lear at end of 5.3. Pessimestic or hopeful? Probably pessimistic-tragedy offers no hope, no religious reassurance means nothing? existential/fatalism; some hopeful-stoic (Edmund's last speech) Life is not unbearable, you can endure it's tragedies stoicly. Possibility of good redeeming man-human nature acting against wickedness.

Front 117

Random facts about Lear-theme

Back 117

Sex-generating of evil, bestial. View of play-no: dignifies generation-good children (edgar/cordelia)

Front 118

Themes in Lear

Back 118

evil-absence of good. Brave servant-cornwall dies, regan-widdow, competing w/ Gon. for Edmund. Gives regan advantage. (long chain rxn) Goneril writes letters to Ed, given to Albany by Edgar leading Gon. to kill herself.

Front 119

Christian interpretation of Lear

Back 119

Suffering part of divine providence. Happy after death, God controls world thru nature.

Front 120

Last scene of Lear

Back 120

Strange ditnity of tranquility in last scene. Not frantic. Lear has vitality, designed so one can't come to conclusion. Signs to maybe have faith Doesn't rule out possibility of noble action. Did Lear die right? Or mockery of his hopes? Inclusiveness=powerful. No easy platitudes. Life could always present you w/ contrary than what you expect.

Front 121

Analysis of Lear (in respect to Glouc.)

Back 121

Rejects loving children, revolves flase child (just like Glouc). Outcast, mad, look at world differently. reuinion w/ child, false children lie. What does he learn? Material needs serve inner needs (pride, etc.) Not natural needs. Realizes limitations of king, I've let too many poor, hungry, people in his kingdom. (Glo. learns importance of actions) Injustice=part of nature. Glo-dies, reunion w/ child.
Lear-more kind and loving, Glouc-more concerned w/ sons. Improved characters?

Front 122

2 Diff way evil can come into world (Lear)

Back 122

Action: Lear's mistakes-nature of heart, langugae, active-challenges nature, exiles. Kent, kills slave, fights to end, denying Cor's death. Glouc-passive, accepts evil, believes in astrology, blinded/tortured-despair. (Good men releasing tremendous forces of evil)

Front 123

Lear

Back 123

Cordelia=better side of Lear, perfectly loving, destroyed by death alone. Both glouc. and lear reunited briefly w/ good kids. Worst kids die. Mayny deaths at end-positive message? Instead of Lear's triumph, cordelia dies and order is shattered. No answers, only relentless ?s What is shakespeare saying?

Front 124

Overall concepts in Antony and Cleopatra

Back 124

Mood: references to richness, gold wealth. Deaths of Antony and Cleo are triumphant-good and bad are mixed (unlike separate but parallel in MB); huge, sprawling play-spans 10 yrs. large # of scenes=large action. Swirl of people/places, fluid; importance; panoramic drama, know characters only from others' opinions, no soliloquies or thought expression by characters. No supernatural dimension. Concern w/ 1. Roman character and 2. sensual passion/appetite. Contrast to political scheming-love is understandably more appealing and Ant. must choose. Second half ot he play is much less dramatic, shows steady dissolution of Antony, Cleopatra and Egypt. Tragedy, but some comedy-cheerful, bright air, unlike MacBeth. Viewers attitudes made to fluctuate throghout play-ambivalence toward the ambiguity of events.

Front 125

Characterization of Mark Antony

Back 125

Mix of greatness and weakness, praised as man-generous to soldiers and Cleopatra.

Front 126

Characterization of Enobarbus in Ant & Cleo

Back 126

mixed surface cynicism/street smarts, covers feelings w/ smart-mouthed remarks but he does have deeper emotions. Affected by Cleo's beauty, feels deep loyalty to Ant.

Front 127

Characterization of Cleopatra

Back 127

subtle, fascinating, unpredictable, cunning, sensuous, energetic, powerful, multi-faceted.

Front 128

Nay, but this dotage of our general's
O'erflows the measure. Those is goodly eyes,
Have glow'd like plated Mars, now bend, now turn
The office and devotion of their view
Upon a tawny front; his captain's heart,
Which in the scuffles of great fights hath burst
The buckles on his breast, reneges all temper,
And is become the bellows and the fan
To cool a gipsy's lust.
Take but good ntoe, and you shall see in him
The triple pillar of the world transform'd
Into a strumpet's fool. Behold and see.

Back 128

Opening of A&C. Philo is talking to Demetrus, gossiping/shaking their heads at Antony's behavior, but indicating his past greatness. The run-on lines denote eagerness. Beginning: many O's, bright, open, heroic sounds, by the end of these lines are overcome by darker sounds: (buckles, scuffles, strumpet's, lust) emphasizing Antony's dissolution.

Front 129

Antony & cleopatra-greatness/importance indicated by language

Back 129

Lots of superlatives, hyperbole used several times throughout the play (main device) events span all of the world, cause several wars, this isn't an ordinary love affair. Constant comparison w/ celestial, majestic, royal, political units, classical mythology.

Front 130

Nay, hear them, Antony.
Fulvia perchance is angry; or who knows
If the scarce-bearded Caesar have not sent
His pow'rful mandate to you: "do this, or this,
Take in that kingdom, and enfranchise that;
Perfrom't or else we damn thee."
..Perchance? Nay and most like.
you must not stay here longer, your dismission
is come from Caesar, therefore hear it, Antony.
Where's Fulvia's process?-Caesars, I would say-
both?
Call in the messengers. As I am Egypt's queen
Thou blushest, Ant, and that blood of thine
Is Caesar's homager; else so thy cheek pays shame
When shrill-tongu'd Fulvia scolds. The messengers!
..Excellent falsehood! Why did he marry Fulvia, and not love her?
I'll seem the fool I am not. Antony Will be himself.

Back 130

Cleo talking with Antony in the very opening of the play. Mocking Fulvia, antony's wife, doesn't want him to think kindl of her. Once he says he likes Cleo, she scorns him for not loving his wife. Doing it because she cares-won't let up, giving him a hard time.

Front 131

Let Rome in Tiber melt, and the wide arch
Of the rang'd epire fall! Here is my space,
Kingdoms are clay; our dungy earth alike
Feeds beast as man; the nobleness of life
Is to do thus-when such a mutual pair
And such a twain can do't in which I bind
On pain of punishment, the world to weet
We stand up peerless.
But stirr'd by Cleopatra.
Now for the love of Love, and her soft hours
Let's not confound the time with conference harsh;
There's not a minute of our lives should stretch
Without some pleasure now. What sport to-night?
..Fie, wrangling queen!
Whom every thing becomes-to chide, to laugh,
To weep; whose every passion fully strives
To make itself fair and admir'd!
No messenger but thine, and al alone,
To-night we'll wander through the streets and note
The qualities of people. Come my queen.
last night you did desire it. Speak not to us.

Back 131

Antony speaking to Cleo in 1.1. Challenges world to acknowledge that they're the best lovers. (Essence of the pay-love is worth the loss of everything else). "Let's not fight" Shows contempt for Caesar/his fellow leaders.

Front 132

Speak to me home, mince not the general tongue;
Name Cleopatra as she is call'd in Rome.
Rail thou in Fulvia's phrase and taunt my faults
With such full license as both truth and malice
Have power to utter. O then we bring forth weeds
When our quick wands lie stll, and our ills told us
Is as our earing. Fare thee well awhile.
..Let him appear.
These strong Egyptian fetters I must break,
Or lose myself in dotage.
..Forbear me.
There's a great spirit gone! Thus did I desire it.
What our contempts doth often hurl from us,
We wish it ours again. The present pleasure,
By revolution low'rin, does become
The opposite of itslef. She's good, being gone;
the hand could pluck her back that shov'd her on
I must from this enchanting queen break off;
Ten thousand harms, more than the ills I know,
My idleness doth hatch.

Back 132

Antony to a messenger. Just before discovering (from another messenger) that Fulvia is dead. Realizes he's about to make a fool of himself if he stays w/ cleo-such is her powe over him. last part is soliloquy-ant vows to return to rome, differing vigorous and partying lifestyles.

Front 133

Under a compelling occasion, let women die.
It were pity to cast them away for nothing, though between them and a great cause, they should be esteem'd nothing. Cleopatra, catching but the least noise of this, dies instantly; I have seen her die twenty times upon far poorer moment. I do think there is mettle in death, which commits some loving act upon her, she hath such a celerity in dying. .. Alack sir, no, her passions are made of nothing but the finest part of pure love. We cannot call her winds and waters sighs and tears; they are greater storms and tempests than almanacs can report. This cannot be cunning in her; if itbe, she makes a show'r of rain as wel as Jove.

Back 133

Enobarbus to Antony in 1.2 of A&C. Tells of Cleo's tendency to over-exaggerate (hyperbole), but assures him that while Cleo is cunning, she truly loves him. (shows eno is affected by/keen to deep emotions)

Front 134

See where he is, who's with him, what he does.
I did not send you. If you find him sad,
Say I am dancing; if in mirth, report
That I am sudden sick. Quick, and return.
..Thou teachest like a fool: the way to lose him.
..I am sick and sullen.
Help me away, dear Charmian, I shall fall.
It cannot be thus long, the sides of nature
Will not sustain it.
..I know by that same eye there's some good news.
What, says th emarried woman you may go?
Would she had never given you leave to come!
let her not say 'tis I that keep you here,
I have no power upon you; hers you are.
..O, never was there a queen so mightily betrayed! yet at the first
I saw the treasons planted..Why should I think you can be mine and true
Though you in swearing shake the trhoned gods,
Who have been false to Fulvia? Riotous madness,
To be entangled with those mouth-made vows,
which break themselves in swearing!
Nay, pray you see no color for your going,
But bid farewell, and go. When you sued staying,
Then was the time for words; no going then;
Eternity was in our lips and eyes,
Bliss in our brows' bent; none our parts so poor
But was a race of heaven. They are so still,
or thou, the greatest soldier of teh world,
Art turn'd the greatest liar.

Back 134

Cleo's orders to Charmian in 1.3. Wants to know what Ant. is up to. Blank verse-lively, on edge. Then to Antony, pretending to be sick, not giving Ant. attention he's expecting. Already thrown off his purpose to announce his heroic decision to return to Rome. Mixed moods-praise, concern, criticsm of Antony.

Front 135

Here me, Queen:
The strong necessity of time commands
Our services awhile; but my full heart
Remains in use with you. Our italy
Shines o'er with civil swords; sextus pompeius
Makes his approaches to the port of rome;
Equality of two domestic powers
Breed scrupulous faction; the hated, grown to strength,
Are newly grown to love; the condemn'd Pompey,
Rich in his father's honor, creeps apace
Into the hearts of such as have not thrived
Upon the present state, whose numbers threaten,
And quietness, grown sick of rest, would purge
By any desperate change. My more particular
And that's which most with you should safe my going
Is Fulvia's death.
She's dead, my queen.
look here, and at thy sovereign leisure read
The garboils she awak'd: at the last, best,
See when and where she died.

Back 135

Antony to Cleo in 1.3. Expects Fulvia's death will be good news to Cleo but she turns on him, attacks him for not mourning his wife. (Selfish statement)

Front 136

Though age from folly could not give me freedom,
it does from childishness. Can Fulvia die?
O most false love!
Where be the sacred vials thous houldst fill
With sorrowful water? Now I see, I see,
In Fulvia's death, how mine receiv'd shall be.
..So Fulvia told me
I prithee turn aside, and weep for her,
Then bid adieu to me and say the tears
Belong toEgypt. Good now, play one scene
Of excellent dissembling
and let it look like perfect honor
..Courteous lord, one word;
Sir, you and I must part, but that's not it;
Sir you and I have lov'd but there's not it;
That you know well. Something it is I would-
O, my olivion is a very Antony,
And I am all forgotten.
Tis sweating labor
To bear such idleness so near the heart
As Cleo this. But sir, forgive me,
Since my becomings kill me when they do not
Eye well to you. Your honor calls you hence,
Therefore be deaf to my unpitied folly,
And all the gods go with you! Upon your sword
Sit laurel victory and smooth success be strew'd before your feet.

Back 136

Cleo in response to Ant's news of Fulvia's death in 1.3. Appalled that he isn't mourning his wife, but only because she worries that he'll treat her death that way. (Selfish). Cleo's statements are mischevious, perverse, energetic, full of dignity and pathos. Antony sees he's being had, she's acting; and he is still charmed by her.

Front 137

Leave thy lascivious wassails. When thou once
Was beaten from Modena, where thou slew'st
Hirtius and Pansa, consuls, at thy heel
Did famine follow, whom thou fought'st against
(Though daintily brought up) with patience more
Than savages could suffer. Thou didst drink
The stale of horses and the gilded puddle
Which beasts would cough at; thy palate then did deign
The roughest berry on the rudest hedge;
yea, like the stag, when snow the pasture sheets,
The barks of trees thou brows'd.

Back 137

Caesar to Antony, 1.v, scolding him for being so indulgent lately. Says that when he was a noble Roman he controlled himself. Food imagery-nourishment, life. Egypt.

Front 138

Where thinkst thou he is now? Stands he or sits he?
or does he walk? Or is he on his horse?
O happy horse, to bear the weight of Antony!
Do bravely, horse, for wot'st thou whom thou mov'st?
The demi-Atlas of this earth, the arm
And burgonet of men. He's speaking now,
Or murmuring, "Wheres my serpent of old Nile?
For so he calls me). Now I feed myself
With most delicious poison. Think on me
That am with Poebus' amorous pinches black,
And wrinkled deep in time? Broad-fronted Caesar,
When thou wast here above the ground, I was
A morself or a monarch; and great Pompey
Would stand and make his eyes grow in my brow.
There would he anchor his aspect and die
With looking on his life.

Back 138

Cleo to Charmian, 1.v. Misses Antony, requests drink to forget that Antony is gone. Miserable w/o him. Images of Atlas, Phoebus, Nile, etc.--grandiosity, also ambiguity (serpent image) -->ambivalence

Front 139

By Isis, I will give thee bloody teeth,
If thou with Caesar paragon again
My man of men.
My salad days,
When I was green in jugment, cold in blood
To say as I said then! But come, away,
Get me ink and paper.
He shall have every day a several greeting,
Or I'll unpeople Egypt.

Back 139

Cleopatra to Charmian. Vows to praise Antony, wrong to praise Caesar.

Front 140

Noble friends,
That which combin'd us was most great, and let not
A leaner action rend us. What's amiss,
May it be gently heard. When we debate
Our trivial difference loud, we do commit
Murther in healing wounds. Then, noble partners,
The rather for I earnestly beseech,
Touch you the sourest points with sweetest terms,
Nor curstness grow to th' matter.

Back 140

Lepidus 2.2 of A&C, talking w/ Ant. and Caesar. Trying to make peace between them, weakest/most passive of the triumvir.

Front 141

I must be laugh'd at
If, or for nothing or a little, I
Should say myself offended, and with you
Chiefly i' th' world; more laugh'd at, that I should
Once name you derogately, when to sound your name It not concern'd me.
No more than my residing here at Rome
Might be to you in Egypt; yet if you there
Did practice on my state, your being in Egypt might be my question.
You may be pleas'd to catch at mine intent
By what did here befall me. Your wife and brother
Made wars upon me, and their contestation
Was theme for you-you were the word of war.
..You praise yourself
By laying defects of judgment to me; but You patch'd up your excuses.

Back 141

Caesar quarreling w/ Antony in 2.2. Division b/t rome and egypt.

Front 142

You do mistake your business, my brother
never
Did urge me in his act. I did inquire it,
And have my learning from somet rue reports
That drew their swords wtiih you. Did he not rather
Discredit my authority with yours
And make the wars alike against my stomac,
Having alike your cause? Of this my letters
Before did satisfy you. If you'll patch a quarrel,
As matter whole you have to make it with,
It must not be this.
..Not so,
I know you could not lack, I am certain on't
Very necessity of this thought, that I,
your partner in the caues 'gainst which eh fought
Could not with graceful eyes attend those wars
Which fronted mine own peace. As for my wife
I would you had her spirit in such another;
The third o' th'world is yours, which with a snaffle
You may pace easy, but not such a wife.
..So much uncurbable, her barboils Caesar,
made out of her impatience-which not wanted
Shrowdness of policy too-i grieving grant
Did you too much disquiet. For that you must
But say I could not help it.
..He fell upon me, ere admitted, then;
Three kings I had newly feasted, and did want
Of what I was i' th' morning; but next day
I told him of myself, which was as much
As to have ask'd him pardon. Let this fellow
Be nothing of our strife; if we contend
Out of question wipe him.
Neglected, rather;
And when poisoned hours had bound me up
From mine own knowledge. As nearly as I may,
I'll play the penitent to you; but mine honesty
Shall not make poor my greatness, nor my power
Work w/o it. Truth is, that Fulvia,
To have me out of Egypt , made wars here;
For which myself, the ignorant motive do
So far ask pardon as befits mine honor
To stoop in such a case.

Back 142

Antony's responses to his quarrel w/ Caesar in 2.2 of A&C. Making excuses for himself, Caesar was insulted that Ant. refused to hear messenger. Shows how antony is neglecting his political duties. Trying to make peace

Front 143

I will tell you.
The barge she sat in, like a burnish'd throne,
Burnt on the water. The poop was beaten gold,
Purple the sails, and so perfumed that
The winds were love-sick with them, the oars were silver
Which to the ture of flutes kept stroke,
and made The water which they beat to follow faster,
As amorous of their strokes. For her own person
It beggard' all description: she did lie
In her pavilion-cloth of gold, of tissue-
O'er picturing that Venus where we see
The fancy outwork of nature. On each side her
Stood pretty dimpled boys, like smiling cupids,
With divers-color'd fans, whose winds did seem
To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool,
And what they undid did.
..Her, like the Nereides,
So many mermaids, tended her i' th' eyes,
And made their bends adornings. At the helm
A seeming mermaid steers; the silken tackle
Sweel with the touches of those flower-soft hands,
that yarely frame the office. From the barge
A strange invisibile perfume hits the sense
Of the adjacent wharfs. The city cast
Her people out upon her; and antony
Enthron'd i' th' marketplace did sit alone,
Whistling to th'air, which, but for vacancy,
Had gone to gaze on Cleo too,
And made a gap in nature.
..Upon her landing, Ant. sent to her,
invited her to supper. She replied,
It should be better he became her guest;
Which she entreated. Our courteous Ant,
Whom ne'er the word of "No" woman heard speak,
Being barber'd ten times o'er, goes to the feast;
And for his ordinary pays his heart
For what his eyes eat only.
..Never, he will not
Age cannot wither her, nor custome stale
Her infinite variety. Other women cloy
The appetites they feed, but she makes hungry
Where most she satisfies; for videst things
Become themselves in her; that the holy priests
Bless her when she is riggish.

Back 143

Enobarbus in 2.2 of A & C, telling friends about Egypt and Cleopatra. Obvious fascination. Appeals to all senses (Epicurean). Alliteration-"ture," "flutes," "water", "faster," "strokes," etc. Sexual-even water falls in love w/ Cleo. Eno is affected by Cleo's beauty even though he pretends to constantly be cynical. Images of food/appetite. Opposed worlds of Rome/

Front 144

Antony (A&Cs love)

Back 144

adulterer twice, neglects responsibility as leader to pursue lust. Blinds himself to political reality-fool. Both sensuous, use coquettery to maintain passion. Middle-aged love-not innocent. Ant. dies unnecessarily because of Cleo's tricks, they distrust each other but love each other proven by suicide). Balance of opposed views-destructive but beautiful. Opposed views of the love affair-stay separate but simultaneous.

Front 145

And when good will is show'd, thought' come too short,
The actor may plead pardon. I'll none now.
Give me mine angle, we'll to th' river; there,
My music playing far off, I will betray
Tawny fishes, my bended hook shall pierce
Their slimy jaws; and as I draw them up,
I'll think them everyone an Antony,
And say "Ah, ha! y'are caught."
..That time? O times!
I laugh'd him out of patience; and that night
i laughed him into patience; and next orn,
Ere the ninth hour, I drunk him to his bed;
then put my tires and mantles on him, whilst I wore his sword Philippan.
Antonio's dead! If thou say so, villain,
Thou kill'st thy mistress; but well and free
If thou so yield him, there is gold, and here
My bluest veins to iss-a hand that kings
Have lipp'd and trembled kissing.
Why, there's more gold. But sirrah, mark, we use
To say the dead are well. Brigng it to that
The gold i give thee will melt and pour.
..But there's no goodness in thy face, if Ant
Be free and healthfulso tart a favor
To trumpet such good tidngs! If not well,Thou shouldst come like a Fury crown'd with snakes
Not like a formal man.
.. I have a mind to strike thee ere thou speak'st
Yet if thou say Ant. lives, tis ell
Or friends with Caesar or not captive to him,
I'll set thee in a shower of gold, and hail rich pearls upon thee.
I do not like "nbut yet" it does alay
the good precedence, fie upon "but yet'!
But yet is a jailer to bring forth
some monstrous malefactor. Prithee friend,
Pour out the pack of matter to mine ear
The good and bad together: he's friends with Caesar
In state of health thou say'st and thou say'st free.
..Say 'tis not so, a province I will give thee,
And make thy fortunes proud; the blow thou hadst
shall make thy peace for moving me to rage,
And I will boot thee with what gift beside
Thy modesty can beg.

Back 145

Cleo in 2.5. bombarding the messenger who comes bearing bad news. Won't even let the messenger get a word in until she guesses the many possible news he may be bringing. Eventually she finds out Ant. i bound to Octavia.

Front 146

Thus do they, sir; they take the flow o'th' Nile
by certain scales i' th' pyramid; they know,
By th' height, the lowness, or the mean, if dearth
Or foison follow. The higher Nilus swells,
The more it promises; as it ebbs, the seedsman
Upon the slime and ooze scatters his grain,
And shortly comes to harvest.

Back 146

Ant. to Caesar in 2.7. Immediately before, 3 servants were ominously gossiping about Lep-predictions come true that he is too weak to rule. Ant. has returned to rome and his mere presence ha stopped Pompey from destroying Rome, emphasizing his greatness. Great group of men, but talking about egypt. Nile's fertility-overflow leads mud to fertilize land. Playing game to get Lep. drunk-playing him for a fool.

Front 147

Ah, this thou shouldst have done,
And not have spoke on't! In me 'tis villainy,
In thee't had been good service. Thou must know,
Tis not my profit that does lead mine honor;
mine honor, it. Repent that e'er th tongue
Hath so betray'd thine act. Being done unknown
I should have found it afterwards well done,
But must condemn it now. Desist and drink.

Back 147

Pompey speaking to Menas in 2.7 while the triumvirs are all together drinking. Menas suggests they kill the Roman rulers, offers him the whole WORLD; Pompey does noble roman thing and refrains. Menas is disgusted at him giving up this chance, but omp displays the noble Roman attitude.

Front 148

What would you more? Pompey, good night.
Good brother,
Let me request you our graver busines
Frowns at this levity. Gentle lords, let's part
You see we have burnt our cheeks. Strong Enobarb
Is weaker than the wine, and mine own tongue
Spleets what it speaks; the wild disguise hath almost
Antick'd us all. What needs moer words?

Back 148

Caesar at the end of 2.7 when the triumvirs have been partying. Shows stoic, serious Roman character-whoa, we're drunk, we've partied too much, let's stop this nonsense, because our "graver business frowns at this"

Front 149

You take from me a great part of myself;
Use me well in't. Sister prove such a wife
As my thoughts make thee, and as my farthest band
Shall pass on thy approof. Most noble Ant,
Let not the piece of virtue which is set
Betwixt us, as the cement of our love
to keep it builded be the ram to batter
The fortress of it; for better might we
Have lov'd without this mean, if on both parts
this not be cherish'd.

Back 149

Caesar to Ant. 3.2. Ominous warning to antony that he better behave w/ Octavia, after Eno. predicts that their marriage won't last. After this warning, Ant. immediately leaves Octavia and visits Cleo in Egypt.

Front 150

Contemning Rome, he has done all this and more
In Alexandria. Here's the manner of't:
I' the market place on a tribunal silver'd
Cleo and himself in chairs of gold
Were publicly enthron'd. At the feet sat
Caesarion, whom they call my father's son,
And all the unlawful issue that their lust
Since then hath made betweenthem. Unto her
He gave the stablishment of Egypt and made her Absolute queen.

Back 150

Caesar in 3.4 to his friends/followers. Describing Antony's horrible neglect of his political duties-traveled to egypt, leaving his new wife, declared king (of country he doesn't belong to), declared Cleo king. Leads to war.

Front 151

Your ships are not well mann'd,
Your mariners are reapers, people
Ingross'd by swift impress In Caesar's fleet
Are those that often have 'gainst Pompey fought;
Their ships are yare, yours heavy. No disgrace
Shall fall you for refusing him at sea,
Being prepared for land.

Back 151

Ant. declares to go to war w/ Caesar by sea, and Eno. scolds him for doing so (3.7). Warns him that fighting by sea is bad idea. Even Enobarbus sees his stupidity, and is proven right. Beginning of Enobarbus being torn between disgust and loyalty to Ant.

Front 152

Hark, the land bids me tread no more upon't.
It is asham'd to bear me. Friends, come hither:
I am so lated in the world, that I
Have lost my way for ever. I have a ship
Laden with gold, atke that, divide it; fly,
And make your peace with Caesar.
I have fled myself and have instructed cowards
to run and show thier shoulders. Friends, be gone,
I have myself resolv'd upon a course
which has no need of you. Be gone.
My treasure's in the harbor; take it.

Back 152

Antony to his attendants in 3.11. Realizing he has made huge mistake, tells them to leave and they stay, showing their loyalty and admiration for anthony. Here we see the generosity/goodness of Antony.

Front 153

Now I must
To the young man send humble treaties, dodge
And palter in the shifts of lowness, who
With half the bulk o' th' world play'd as I pleas'd,
Making and marring fortunes. you did know
Howmuch you were my conqueror, and that
My sword, made weak by my affection, would
Obey it on all clause.
Fall not a tear, I say one of them rates
All that is won and lost. Give me a kiss
Even this repays me. We sent our schoolmaster,
Is 'a come back? Love, I am full of lead.
Some wine, within there, and our viands! Fortune
knows
We scorn her most when most she offer blows.

Back 153

Antony 3.11. Cleo apologizes and he forgives her very easily. (look up)

Front 154

Lord of his fortunes he salutes thee, and
Requires to live in Egypt, which not granted,
He lessons his requests and to thee sues
to let him breathe between the heavesn and earth
A private man in Athens; this for him.
Next, Cleopatra does confess thy greatness,
Submits her to thy might, and of thee craves
The circle of the Ptolomies for her heirs,
Now hazarded to thy grace.
--For Antony,
I have no ears to his request. The Queen
Of audience nor desire shall fail, so she
From Egypt drive her all-disgraced firend,
Or take ihs life there. This if she perform
She shall not sue unheard. So to them both.
..Bring him through the bands.
To try thy eloquence, now 'tis time;
dispatch.
From Ant. win Cleo promise,
And in our name, what she requirse; add more,
From thine invention, offers. Women are not
In their best fortunes strong, but want will perjure
The ne'er touch'd vestal. Try thy cunning, Thidias,
Make thine own edict for thy pains, which we
Will answer as a law.

Back 154

Caesar in 3.11 after hearing an ambassador sending Antony's apologies. He coolly denies his pleas, says we should divide ant. and cleo and conquer by bribing Cleo to do what he wants.

Front 155

Ant only, that would make his will
Lord of his reason. What thou you fled
From that great face of war, whose several ranges
Frighted each other? Why should he follow?
The itch of his affection should not then
Have nick'd his captainship, at such a point,
When half to halfthe world oppos'd, he being
The mered question. Twas a shame no lessThan was his loss, to cours your flying flags,
And leave ihs navy gazing.
..Mine honesty and I begin to square
The loyalty well held to fools does make
Our faith mere folly; yet he that can endure
To follow with allegieance a fall'n lord
Does conquer him that did his master conquer
And earns a place i th' story.
..to be sure of that,
I will ask Ant. Sir, thou art so leaky
That we must leave thee to thy sinking, for
Thy dearest quit thee.

Back 155

Eno to Cleo in 3.12, not hesitating to blame his friend..tempted to leave Ant. but trying to remain loyal, eventually decides to leave him.

Front 156

You were half blasted ere I knew you; ha?
Have I my pillow left unpress'd in Rome,
Forborne the getting of a lawful race,
An by a gem of women, to be abus'd
By one that looks on feeders?
You have been a boggler ever,
But when we in our viciousness grow hard
the wise gods seel our eyes,
In our own filth drop our clear judgments, make us
Adre our errors, laugh at 's while we strut
To our confusion.
I found you as a morsel, cold upon
Dead Caesar's trencher; nay, you were a fragment
Of Cneius Pompey's -besides what hotter hours,
Unregistr'red in vulgar fame, you have
Luxuriously pick'd out; for I am ure,
though you can guess what temperance should be
You know not what it is.
..Get thee back to Caesar,
Tell him thy entertainment. Look thou say
He makes me angry with him; for he seems
Proud and disdainful, harping on what I am,
Not what he knew I was Hae makes me angry,
And at this time most easy 'tis to do't:
When my good stars, that were my former guides,
Have empty left their orbs, and shot their fires
Into th'abysm of hell.

Back 156

Antony to Cleo in 3.13, mad at her after seeing Thidius kiss her hand and thinks they're scheming against him. Note "orbs," "stars," -celestial images.

Front 157

Ah dear, if I be so,
From my cold heart let heaven engender hail,
And poison it in the source, and the first stone
Drop in my neck; as it determines, so
Dissolve my life! The next Caesarion,
Till by degrees the memory of my womb
Together with my brave Egyptians all,
By the pelleted storm,
Lie graveless, till the flies and gnats of Nile
Have buried them for prey!

Back 157

Cleo in 3.13 to Ant-extravagant claims of love.

Front 158

Now he'll outstare the lightning: to be furious
Is to be frighted out of fear, and in that mood
The dove will peck the estridge; and I see still
A diminution in our captain's brain
Restores his heart. When valor preys on reason,
It eats the sword it fights with. I will seek
some way to leave im.

Back 158

Enobarbus at the end of 3.13. Knows there is no hope for Antony, resolves to leave him.

Front 159

Tend me tonight,
May be it is the period of your duty;
Haply you shall not see me more, or if, a mangled shadow.
Perchance tomorrow
You'll serve another master. I look on you
As one that takes his leave. Mine honest friends,
I turn you not away, but lik a master
Married to your good service, stay till death.
Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more, and the gods yield you for't!

Back 159

Ant. in 4.2, not a comforting speech, but generous. Enobarbus is won over by the emotion of this movement and weeps. Shows loyalty/love for Ant.

Front 160

I am alone the villain of the earth,
And feel I am so most O Ant,
Thou mine of bounty, how wouldst thou have padi
My better service, when my turpitude
Thou dost so crown with gold! This blows my heart.
If swift thought break it not, a swifter mean
Shall outstrike thought, but thought will do't I feel.
I fight against thee? No, I will go seek
Some ditch wherein to die; the foul'st best fits
My latter part of life.

Back 160

Eno near end of play (4.6) to Soldier. Speaking of suicide, attribute to Ant. See Ant. in more attractive light.

Front 161

Go, Eros, send his treasure after; do it,
Detain no jot, I charge thee. Write to him
I will subscribe gentle adieus and greetings;
Say tha tI wish he never find mo cause
To change a master. O my fortunes have
Corrupted honest men! Dispatch. Enobarbus!

Back 161

Ant. in 4.5. to Eros. Blames himself for Eno's ultimate disloyalty-generous. Advised soldiers to leave him.

Front 162

All is lost!
This foul egyptian hath betrayed me.
My fleet hath yielded to the foe, and yonder
They cast their caps up and carouse together
Like friends long lost. Triple-turn'd whore! 'tis thou
Hast sold me to this novice
and my heart
Makes only wars on thee. Bid them all fly;
For when I am revenged upon my charm,
I have done all. Bid themfly, be gone.
..Vanis, or I shall give thee thy deserving,
And blemish Caesar's triumph. Let him take thee
And hoist thee up to the shouting plebians!
Follow his chariot, like the greatest spot
Of all thy sex; most monster-like, be shown
For poor'st diminutives, for dolts, and let
Patient Octavia plough thy visage up
With her prepared nails.

Back 162

Ant. to Scar in 4.7 appearing weak, evasive-blaming others. Second part, to Cleo.

Front 163

Sometime we see a cloud that's dragonish,
A vapor sometime like a bear or lion,
A tower'd citadel, a pendant rock,
A forked mountain, or blue promontory
With trees upon't that nod unto the world,
And mock our eyes with air. Thou hast seen these signs,
They are black vespers pageants.
..My good knave, now thy captain is
Even such a body. Here I am Ant,
Yet cannot hold this visible shape, my knave.
I made these wars for Egypt, and the Queen,
Whose heart I thought I had, for she had mine-
Which whilst it was mine had annex'd unto't
A million moe-she, ahs
Pack'd cards with Caesar's and false-play'd my glory
Unto an enemy's triumph.Nay, weep not, there is left us
Ourselves to end ourselves.
..O, cleave, my sides!
Heart, once be stronger than thy continet,
Crack thy frail case! apace..
I will o'ertake thee, Cleopatra, and
Weep for my pardon. So it must be, for now
All length is torture; since the torch is out,
Lie down and stray no farther. Now all labor
Mars what it does; yea, very force entangles
Itself with strength. Seal then, and all is done.
Eros! Stay for me!
Where souls do couch on flowers, we'll hand in hand
and with our sprightly port make the ghosts gaze.

Back 163

Ant. recognizing his failures, still blaming others. Scene 4.14. Then expresses deep grief at false report from Cleo. Touching love undercut becasue it was wrought by mistake. Shortly after Eros kills himself out of sorrow-repproaching antony who has failed at everything, even committing his own suicide.

Front 164

I am dying, Egypt, dying; only
I here importune death awhile, until
Of many thousand kisses the poor last
I lay upon thy lips.
..I dare no, dear-
Dear my lord, pardon- I dare not,
Lest I be taken. Not th' imperious show
Of the full-fortun'd Caesar ever shall
Be brooch'd with me, if knife, drugs, serpents have
Edge sting or operation. I am safe:
Your wife Octavia, with her modst eyes
And still conclusion, shall acquire no honor
Demuring upon me. But come, come,
Help me, my women-we must draw thee up..Our strength is all gone into heaviness,
That makes the weight. Had i great Juno's power
the strong-wing'd Mercury should fetch thee up,
And set thee by Jove's side. Yet come a little-Wishers were ever fools.

Back 164

first antony 9.14-to cleopatra. Note stresses, rhythm, "the poor last" emphasizes finality. No reporach to Cleo for her trick, just wants final kiss. Cleo responds.

Front 165

The miserable change now at my end
Lament nor sorrow at; but pleasre your thoughts
In feeding them with those my former fortunes
wherein I liv'd, the greatest prince o' th' world,
The noblest; and do now not basely die
Not cowardly put off my helmet to
My countryman-a Roman by a Roman
Valiantly vanquish'd. Now my spirit is going. I can no more.
--Noblest of men, woo't die?
Hast thou no care of me? Shall I abide
In this dull world, which in thy absence is
No better than a sty? O, see, my women:
The crown o'th' earth doth melt. My lord!

Back 165

Ant to Cleo near end of play. In middle of Cleo's response, he dies. She sees his death selfishly, "why are you leaving me?" References earth-"world"-ant's importance.

Front 166

Ere death dare come to us? How do you women?
What, what, good cheer! why, how now charmian?
My noble girls. Look
Our lamp is spent, it's out. Good sirs, take heart,
We'll bury him, and then, whats brave, what's noble
Let's do' after the high roman fashion

Back 166

Cleo-right after Ant's death. Shows fascination w/ Roman character. Hints at suicide.

Front 167

The breaking of so great a thing should make
A greater crack. The round world
Should have shook lions into civils treets
and citizens to their dens. The death of Antony is not a single doom, in the name lay
A moi'ty of the world.

Back 167

Caesar's eulogy for Ant. after his death. Stresses the importance of Ant. Though Ant. was his enemy-Caesar is moved to sadness by his death.

Front 168

His legs bestrid the ocean, his rear'd arm
rested the world, his voice was propertied
As all the tuned spheres, and that to friends;
But when he meant to quail and shake the orb,
He was as rattling thunder. For his bounty,
there was no winter in't; an autumn it was
That grew the more by reaping. His delights
Were dolphin-like, they show'd his back above
the element they liv'd in. In his livery
Walk'd crowns and crownets, realms and islands were
As plates dropp'd from his pocket.

Back 168

Cleo to Dolabella at end of play. Strong accents showing forceful power of Ant. 2nd Eulogy-energetic description evident in rhythm. Remembers Antony as practically superhuman. sounds-n's dream, sleep-suggest heightened mood. Opposite of plays opening.

Front 169

Give me my robe, put on my crown, I have
Immortal longings in me. Now no more
the juice of Egypt's grape shall moist this lip.
Yare, yare, good Iras; quick. Me thinks I hear
Ant. call; I see him rouse himself
To praise y noble act. I hear him mock
The luck of Caesar, which the gods give men
to excuse their after wrath. Husband, I come!
Now to that name my courage prove my title!
I am fire and air; my other elements
I give to baser life. So, have you done?
Come then, and take the last warmth of my lps.
Farewell, kind Charmian, long farewell.
Have I the aspic in my lips? Dost fall?
If thou and nature can so gently part,
The stroke of death is as a lover's pinch,
Which hurts, and his desir'd. Dost thou lie still?
If thus thou vanishest, thou tell'st the world
It is not worth leave-taking.
..This proves me base.
If she first meet the curled Ant,
He'll make demand of her, and spend that kiss
which is my heaven to have. Come, thou mortal wretch,
With thy sharp teeth this knot intrinsicate
Of life at once untie. Poor venomous fool,
Be angry, and dispatch. O, couldst thou speak,
That I might hear thee call reat Caesar ass
Unpolicied!
Doest thou not see my baby at my breast,
That sucks the nurse asleep?

Back 169

Cleo at the end of the play, about to kill herself. Just before, clowns had been speaking in prose, letting down before Cleo's death. Flexible, fluid, blank verse frequent throughoutthe play (Cleo) varies lines-stressed/not sressed. notice enjambment, closer to conversation, not so rigid. Cleo goes to kill herself grandiosly, in great clothing. Leaving behind sensual pleasures-says she'll miss wine. I am higher elements now. Iras falls from her kiss.
Why should I hesitate any longer? Change in cleo, typical of her mercurial character. We see all of her aspects in her last moments-Jealous Iras might meet Ant. before her. Snake like baby nursing-life/deat. Jealous spite of real love for her maids, All in blank verse.

Front 170

Significance of the "world" in A & C

Back 170

world-beginning the world-material doman, begins to fade and completely diminishes w/ Antony's death. In the beginning Ant is a pillar of the world, Pompeyis offered world in scene 2, Lep is considered 1/3 of the world but he is drunk and reeling. After Antony dies, world is considered "vile." Rome/Egypt-each 1/2 is incomplete alone. Egypt=social, Rome=politics. Both fascinated w/ each other.

Front 171

Oracles in Macbeth

Back 171

1st 1/2-fulfills prophesy that MB will win
2nd 1/2-MB has no heirs, but Banquo does. (MB tries to prevent this by killing Banquo)

Front 172

Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me moer:
By Sinel's death I know I am Thane of Glamis,
But how of Cawdor? The Thane of Cawdor lives
A prosperous gentleman; and to beking
Stands not within the prospect of belief
No more than to be Cawdor. Say from whence
You owe this strange intelligence, or why
Upon this blasted heath you stop our way
With such prophetic greeting? Speak, I charge you.

Back 172

MacBeth to the three witches in the opening of the play. Shocked, intrigued.

Front 173

Two truths are told,
As happy prologues to the swelling act
Of the imperial theme. I thank you gentlemen.
This supernatural soliciting
Cannot be ill; cannot be good. If ill,
Why hath it given me earnest of success,
commencing in a truth? I am Thane of Cawdor.
If good, why do I yield to that suggestion
Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair
And make my seated heart knock at my ribs,
Against the use of nature? Present fears
Are less than horrible imaginings:
My thought, whose murther yet is but fantastical
Shakes so my single state of man that function
Is smother'd in surmise, and nothing
But what is not.

Back 173

MB in 1.3, talking w/ Banquo, but speaks this aside. thinking of murdering Duncan. Repeated idea of "imagination."

Front 174

Welcome hither!
I have begun to plant thee, and will labor
To make thee full of growing. Noble Banquo,
That hast no less deserv'd, nor must be known
no less to have done so, let me infold thee
And hold thee to my heart.

Back 174

Duncan talking to Banquo in 1.4 of MB. Image of fertility as good-renewing kingdom. Acts as good king should, unlike MB.

Front 175

What thou art promis'd. Yet do I fear thy nature,
It is too full o' th' milk of human kindness
To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great,
Art not without ambition, but without
The illness should attend it. What thou wouldst highly,
That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false
And yet wouldst wrongly win. Thou'ldst have, great king of
Glamis.
That which cries, "Thus thou must do, if thou have it;
And that which rather thou dost fear to do
Than wishest should be undone.
..The raven himself is hoarse
That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan
Under my battlements. Come, you spirits
That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,
And fill me from the crown to the toe topful
Of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood,
Stop us th' access and passage to remorse,
That no compunctious visitings of nature
Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between
th' effect and it! Come to my woman's breasts,
And take my milk for gall, you murth'ring minis
Wherever in your sightless substances
You wait on nature's mischief! Come, thick night
and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,
That my keen knife see not the would it makes
Nor heaven peep through the blanket of dark
To cry, "Hold, hold!"

Back 175

Lady MB to MB 1.5. Saying kindness is his weakness and that he's too cowardly to kill Duncan. ..2nd speech=evil imagery. lady macbeth's famous speech.

Front 176

This guest of summer,
The temple-haunting does approve,
By his lov'd mansionry, that the heaven's breath
Smells wooingly here; no jutty, frieze,
Buttres, nor coign of vantage, but this bird
Hath made his pendant bed and procreant cradle.
Where they most breed and huant, I have observed
The air is delicate.

Back 176

Banquo to Duncan 1.6 of MacBeth. Beautiful description of a holy place, suggesting new life. Shows all the good the MBs destroy.

Front 177

If it were done, when 'tis done, then 'twere well
It were done quickly. If th' assassination
Could trammel up the consequence, and catch
With his surcease, success; that but this blow
Might be the be-all and the end-all-here,
But here, upon this bank and shoal of time,
We'ld jump the life to come. But in those cases
We still have judgment here, that we but teach
Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return
To plague th'inventor. This even-handed jusitce
Commends th' ingredience of our poison'd chalice
To our own lips. He's here in double trust:
First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,
Strong both against the deed; then, as his host,
Who should against his murtherer shut the door,
Not bear the knife myself. Besides, this Duncan
Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been
So clear in his great office, that his virtues
will plead like angels...And pity, like a naked new-born babe,
Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubin, hors'd
Upon the sightless couriers of the air,
Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye
That tears shall drown the wind.

Back 177

MacBeth 1.7. Here, a young, healthy man (MB) kills a helpless, old, admirable king (Duncan) w/ no motivation except his ambitions.

Front 178

We will proceed no further in this business:
He hath honor'd me of late, and I have bought
Golden opinions from all sorts of people,
Which would be worn now in their newest gloss,
Not cast aside so soon.
--Was the hope drunk
Wherein you dress'd yourself? Hath it slept since?
And wakes it now to look so green and pale
At what it did so freely? From this time
Such I account thy love. ARt thou afeard
to be the same in thine own act and valor
As thou art in desire? Wouldst thou have that
Which thou esteem'st the ornament of life,
And live a coward in thine wn esteem
Letting "I dare not" wait upon "I would,"
Like the poor cat i' th' adage...I have given suck, and know
How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me;
I would, while it was smiling in my face,
Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums,
And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you
Have done to this.

Back 178

MacBeth and Lady MacB. in act 1 scene 7. He knows clearly what he's doing-his pride is evident, makes him more like satan. Again, images of food, milk, nourishment

Front 179

Hold, take my sword. There's husbandry in heaven,
Their candles are all out. Take thee that too.
A heavy summons lies like lead upon me,
And yet I would not sleep. Merciful powers,
Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature
Gives way to in repose!
..What, sir, not yet at rest? the King's
He hath been in unusual pleasure, and
Sent forth great largess to your offices.
this diamond he greets your wife withal,
By the name of most kind hostess, and shut up
In measureless content...All's well.
I dreamt last night of the three weird sisters:
to you they have show'd some truth.
..So I lose none
In seeking to augment it, but still keep
My bosom franchis'd and allegiance clear,
I shall be councell'd.

Back 179

At first, Banquo to Fleance very beginning of Act 2 MB. Then to MacBeth.

Front 180

Methought I heard a voice cry, "Sleep no more!
Macbeth does murther sleep" -the innocent sleep,
Sleep that knits up the ravll'd sleave of care,
The death of each day's life, sore labor's bath,
Balm of hurt minds, great nature's second cours,
Chief nourisher in life's feast..."Glamis hath murther'd sleep, and therefore Cawdor Shall sleep no more-MB shall sleep no more."
...
..
Whence is that knocking?
How is't with me, when every noise appalls me?
What hands are here? Hah! they pluck out mine eyes.
Will all reat Neptune's ocean wash this blood
Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather
The multitudinous seas incarnadine
Making the green one red.

Back 180

Macbeth talking to Lady Macbeth in 2.2 after murdering Duncan. Frequent mention of sleep-usually nourishing, but MB plagued w/ insomnia. Transfixed with bloody hands. Blood-evil.

Front 181

Here's a knocking indeed! If a man were porter of Hell Gate, he should have old turning the key. Knock knock! Who's there i'th' name of Belzebub? come in time! Knock knock!...What are you? But this place is too cold for hell. I'll devil-porter it no further. I had thougth to have let in some of all professions that go the primrose way to th'everlasting bonfire.

Back 181

Porter at the gate to MB's castle in opening of scene 3. Comparing MBs castle to hell.

Front 182

Had I but died an hour before this chance,
I had liv'd a blessed time; for from this instant
There's nothing seriuos in mortality:
All is but toys: renown and grace is dead,
The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees
Is left this vault to brag of.
..You are, and do nto know't
The spring, the head, the fountainof your blood
Is stopp'd and the very sorce of it is stopped.

Back 182

MB to Banquo/Donalbain in 2.3 of MacBeth. Just after Duncan has been discovered by MacDuff ("ring the alarum bell! murther and treaso! shake off this downy sleep! death's counterfeit, and look on death itself!"-MacDuff)-MB pretends to be just as astonished as the others.

Front 183

Thou hast it now: King, Cawdor, Glamis all
As the weird women promi'd and I fear
Thou play'dst most foully for't, yet it was said
It should not stand in thy posterity,
But that myself should be the root and father
Of many kings. If there come truth from them-
As upon thee, Macbeth, their speeches shine-
why, by the verities on thee made good,
May they not be my oracles as well,
And set me up in hope? But hush, no more.

Back 183

Banquo, alone, 3.1 of Macbeth. Lists MacBeth's successes. Wonders if the witches had told truth about his future as well.

Front 184

Upon my head they plac'd a fruitless crown,
and put a barren sceptre in my gripe,
Thence to be wrench'd with an unlineal hand,
no son of mine succeeding. If't be so,
For Banquo's issue have I fil'd my mind,
For them the gracious Duncan have I murther'd
Put rancors in the vessel of my peace
Only for them, and mien eternal jewel
Given to the common enemy of man,
To make them kings-the seeds of Banquo kings!
Rather than so, come fate unto the list
And champion me to th'utterance! who's there?

Back 184

MacBeth soliloquy in 3.1. Jealous of Banquo. MacBeth has lost everything valuable to him, he knows Banquo has heirs to his throne. MB growing greedy w/ his fortune/power.

Front 185

We have scorch'd the snake, not kill'd it;
She'll close and be herself, whilest our poor malice
Remains in danger of her former tooth.
But let the frame of things disjoint, both the worlds suffer,
Ere we will eat our meal in fear, and sleep
In the affliction of these terrible dreams
That shake us nightly. Better be with the dead
Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace,
Than on the torture of the mind to lie
In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grave;
After life's fitful fever he sleeps well.
Treason has done his worst; nor steel, nor poison,
Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing,
Can touch him further.
..So shall I, love, and so, I pray, be you.
Let your remembrance apply to banuo,
Present him eminence both with eye and tongue:
Unsafe the while that we
Must lave our honors in these flattering streams,
And make our faces vizards to our hearts,
Disguising what they are.
..O, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife!
Thou know'st that Banquo and his Fleance lives.
There's comfort yet, they are assailable
Then be thou jocund; ere the bat hath flown
His cloister'd flight, ere to black Hecat's summons
The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums
Hath rung night's yawning peal, there shall be done
A deed of dreadful note.,
Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck,
Till thou applaud the deed. Come, seeling night,
Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day,
And with thy bloody and invisible hand
Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond
Which keeps me pale! Light thickens and the crow
Makes wing to th' rooky wood;
good things of day begin to droop and drowse,
Whiles night's black agents to their preys do rouse.
Thou marvel'st at my words, but hold thee still:
Things had begun make strong themselves by ill.
So prithee, go with me.

Back 185

MacBeth to Lady at end ofscene 2. Lady tries to brighten the mood. Evil-surrounded by images of poison, sleeplessness, disease, etc. Restles, changing moods, MB troubled mind. His speeches get longer as Lady's speeches of encouragement get shorter. MB gets increasingly remorseless and willing to kill. Harsh language, savage, allusion to bloody hands in the beginning. Animism/paradox-upside down world of macbeth.

Front 186

My royal lord,
You do not give the cheer. The feast is sold
That is not often vouch'd, while 'tis a-making,
'Tis given with welcome. To feed were best at home;
From thence, the sauce to meat is ceremony.
..Sit, worthy friends; my lord is often thus,
And hath been from his youth. Pray you keep seat,
The fit is momentary, upon a thought
He will again be well. If much you noteim,
You shall offend him and extend his passion.
Feed, and regard him not-Are you a man?
..O proper stuff!
This is the very painting of your fear;
This is the ari-drawn dagger which you said
Led you to Duncan. O, these flaws and starts
would well become
A woman's story at a winter's fire,
Authoriz'd by her grandam. Shame itself,
Why do you make such faces? When all's done,
You look buton a stool.

Back 186

Lady MacBeth in 3.4.
Encouraging MacBeth to sit down and feast-symbol of happy society (that they are ironically destroying). Again, nourishment During this scene Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo and makes a huge scene in front of guests. Lady tries to cover up for him.

Front 187

Blood hath been shed ere now, i' th' olden time
Ere humane statute purg'd the gentle weal;
Ay, and since too, murthers have been perform'd
Too terrible for the ear. The time has been,
That when the brains were out, the man would die,
And there an end; but now they rise again
With twenty mortal murthers on their crowns
and push us from our stools. This is more strange than such a murther is. ..Do not muse atm e, my most worthy friends,
I have a strange infirmity, which is nothing to those that know me. Come love and health to all,
Then I'll sit down.
..Avaunt and quit my sight! let the earth hide thee!
Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold;
Thou hast no speculation in those eyes
Which thou dost glare with!
..What man dare, I dare.
Approach thou like the rugged Russian bear,
The arm'd rhinoceros, or th' Hyrcan tiger,
Take any shaep but that, adn my firm nerves
Shall never tremble. Or be alive again,
And dare me to the desert with thy sword;
If trembling I inhabit then, protest me
The baby of a girl.

Back 187

MacBeth after seeing the ghost of Banquo at dinner aprty. Tries to go on, but ghost returns. Alludes to savage animals-evil. Macbeth has perverted the order of the kingdom.

Front 188

It will have blood, they say; blood will have blood.
Stones have been known to move and trees to speak;
Augures and understood relations have...
I hear it by the way; but I will send
There's not a one of them but in this house
I keep a servant fee'd. I will to-morrow
(And betimes I will) to the weird sisters.
More shall they speak; for now I am bent to know
By the worst means, the worst. For mine own good
All causes shall give way. I am in blood
Stepp'd in so far that, should I wade no more,
Returning were as tedious as go o'er
Strange things I have in head, that will to hand,
Which must be acted ere they may be scanned.
..Come we'll to sleep. My strange and self-abuse is the initate fear that wants hard use:
We are yet but young in deed.

Back 188

Macbeth after he has acted up at dinner. Note duplicity of blood-life/murder. Again, mention of sleep=he envies the dead who sleep well. Noise in the play is a constant reminder of sleeplessness. Macbeth's world becomes a "nightmare world" that replaces sleep.

Front 189

Whither should I fly?
I have done no harm. But I remember now
I am in this earthly world-where to do harm
Is often laudable, to do good sometime
Accounted dangerou sfolly. Why then, alas,
Do I put up that womanly defense,
To say I have done no harm?

Back 189

Lady Macduff in 4.2 of Macbeth, after receiving advice from a messenger to flee because she is probably in danger. Right after, murderers enter, denounce Macduff (to which her son sticks up for his father and is thus stabbed). Lady flees.

Front 190

Bleed, bleed, poor country,
Great tyranny, lay thou thy basis sure,
for goodness dare not check thee; wear thou thy wrongs,
The title is affeer'd! Fare thee well, lord,
I would not be the villain that thou think'st
For the whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp,
And the rich East to boot.

Back 190

Macduff in 4.3 of Macbeth. Shortly hereafter, Macduff shows loyalty and devotion to Scotland, passing Malcolm's "test" of loyalty. (he had previously thought Macduff was aligned w/ macbeth)

Front 191

It is myself I mean; in whom I know
all the particulars of vice so grafted
That, when they shall be open'd black Macbeth
Will seem as pure as snow, and the poor state
Esteem him as a lamb, being compar'd
with my confineless harms..I grant him bloody
Luxurious, avaricious, false, deceitful,
Sudden , malicious, smacking of every sin
that has a name; but there's no bottom, none,
In my voluptuousness. Your wives, your daughters
Your matrons, and your maids could not fill up
The cestern of my lust, and my desire
All continent impediments would o'erbear
That di d oppose my will. Better Macbeth
Than such an one to reign.
...
...
macduff, this noble passion,
Child of integrity, hath from my soul
Wip'd the black scruples, reconcil'd my thoughts
To thy good truth and honor. Devilish Macbeth
By many of these trains hath sought to win me
Into his power...

Back 191

Malcolm to Macduff in 3.4. The two are in the process of allying against Macbeth. His speech brings up the question of whether or not Macbeth had a choice/predestined fate?? (witches' prediction)

Front 192

Merciful heaven!
What, man, ne'er pull your hat upon your brows;
Give sorrow words. The grief that does not speak
Whispers the o'er-fraught heart, and bids it break.
..And I must be from thence! My wife kill'd too?
He has no children. All my pretty ones? Did you say all? O hell-kite! All?
What, all my pretty chickens, and their dam
At one fell swoop?

Back 192

Macduff in 4.3 of Macbeth. Just found out his wife and children have been killed, and he has no way to take revenge since MB has no children.

Front 193

When I behold-Seyton, I say! -This push
Will cheer me ever, or disseat me now.
I have liv'd long enough: my way of life
Is fall'n into thesear, the yellow leaf,
And that which should accompany old age,
As honor, love , obedience, troops of friends,
I ust not look to have; but in their stead,
curses, not loud but dep, mouth-honor, breath,
Which the poor heart would fain deny, and dare me
Seyton!

Back 193

Macbeth calling on his servant Seyton (Satan) near the end of the play.

Front 194

I have almost forgot the taste of fears.
The time has been, my senses would have cool'd
To hear a night-shriek, and my fell of hair
Would at a dismal treatise rouse and stir
As life were in't. I have supp'd full with horrors;
Direness, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts,
Cannot once start me.
..She should have died hereafter;
There would have been a time for such a word.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and tomorrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
To the last syllable of recorded time;
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!
Life's but a waking shadow, a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
And then is heard no more. It is at ale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.

Back 194

Very end of Act 5, almost end of the play (Macbeth speaking to servant Seyton) Alliteration, consonance-language makes you remember. Emphasizes tomorrow tomorrow, despairing, repetition. all the sound and fury amounts to nothing.