Sgu Svm Small Animal Surgery Midterm

Front 1

Three indications for intestinal surgery:

Back 1

Obstruction
Perforation
Diagnosis (biopsy)

Front 2

Intestinal obstruction caused by:

Back 2

Foreign body, Intussusception, Ileus, Neoplasia, Pythiosis, Trauma, Mesenteric torsion, Herniation

Front 3

Severity of intestinal obstruction depends on...

Back 3

Completeness of obstruction
Location (high vs. low)
Strangulated vs. Non-strangulated (blood supply)

Front 4

What is the expected signalment of a FB obstruction?

Back 4

Dog; linear FB in cats

Front 5

What is the expected signalment of an intussusception?

Back 5

More common in young dogs.

Front 6

Ileus is usually caused by what?

Back 6

Post-op or post-obstruction

Front 7

Neoplastic intestinal obstruction usually presents with what signalment?

Back 7

Middle-aged dogs and cats

Front 8

By three years of age, what percentage of animals have an addressable dental problem?

Back 8

80%

Front 9

Is gingivitis reversible?

Back 9

Yes

Front 10

Is periodontitis reversible?

Back 10

No

Front 11

What is the normal dental pocket depth in the dog?

Back 11

1-3mm

Front 12

What is the normal dental pocket depth in the cat?

Back 12

0.5 to 1mm

Front 13

Stage One of dental disease?

Back 13

Plaque accumulation
Do cleaning now

Front 14

Don't include crowns when taking dental films

Back 14

Not a question. Just don't.

Front 15

Indications for extraction?

Back 15

>50% detachment from PD, Grade 3 furcation exposures, loss of tooth structure (resorption, caries), deciduous teeth, malocclusion of primary teeth, overcrowding, supernumery teeth, tooth fractures, jaw fracture at root attachments, steomyelitis/neoplasia that compromises roots

Front 16

Best antibiotics for dental disease? (2)

Back 16

Clavamox and Clindamycin

Front 17

What's the most frequent cause of oronasal fistulas?

Back 17

Periodontal disease.

Front 18

What breeds are predisposed to oronasal fistulas as a result of periodontal disease?

Back 18

DACHSHUNDS and poodles

Front 19

What does CUPS stand for?

Back 19

Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis

Front 20

What is CUPS?

Back 20

A hyperimmune response to plaque

Front 21

How frequently does tooth resorption occur in cats?

Back 21

30-50% of all aged cats

Front 22

What is the treatment for tooth resorption in cats or dogs?

Back 22

Extraction or crown amputation

Front 23

When should you do an extraction in cases of tooth resorption?

Back 23

Only if the crown is destroyed

Front 24

In tooth resorption, why do you do radiographs?

Back 24

To determine if the root is still cemented to the bone; if it is, just do a crown amputation

Front 25

What is the main component of mature teeth?

Back 25

Dentin

Front 26

What is the most important diagnostic dentistry?

Back 26

Radiographs

Front 27

If the radiographic image is foreshortened, what's wrong with the angle?

Back 27

The angle is too steep

Front 28

What happens to the gastrointestinal mucosa after 20 minutes of hypoxia?

Back 28

Superficial villus injury in 20 minutes

Front 29

How long must there be hypoxia for the villus to be destroyed?

Back 29

60 minutes for destruction

Front 30

What happens to the gastrointestinal mucosa after four hours of hypoxia?

Back 30

Transmucosal destruction after four hours

Front 31

After eight hours of hypoxia, what happens to the GI mucosa?

Back 31

Transmural infarction (eight hours)

Front 32

In hypoxia, how long does it take before wall edema and hemorrhage appear grossly?

Back 32

One to three hours

Front 33

What happens to the intestines after four hours of hypoxia?

Back 33

The affect segment becomes turgid and whole blood collects within the lumen

Front 34

What is the gross appearance of a section of intestines that has been hypoxic for 8-12 hours?

Back 34

Appears black, distended and elongated

Front 35

How long does it take to detect gross necrosis in cases of GI hypoxia?

Back 35

20 hours

Front 36

How long does it take for gaseous bowel distension to occur after obstruction?

Back 36

12-36 hours and is followed by loss of fluid into the intestinal lumen

Front 37

Without treatment of GI obstruction and ischemic damage, how long will it take for them to die? Because yeah, they're gonna die.

Back 37

3-4 days due to hypovolemia

Front 38

Pyloric or proximal duodenal obstruction results in what electrolyte abnormality?

Back 38

Metabolic alkalosis

Front 39

Mid-duodenal to ileal obstruction results in what electrolyte abnormality?

Back 39

Metabolic acidosis

Front 40

What causes fluid loss in cases of intestinal obstruction?

Back 40

Vomiting
Sequestration of intestinal lumen
Edema of intestinal wall, especially with venous occlusion of intestine

Front 41

Strangulating obstruction is associated with what sequelae? (4)

Back 41

Bacterial overgrowth, increased bowel permeability, perforation and escape of bowel contents, peritonitis

Front 42

What are the causes of strangulating obstruction? (5)

Back 42

Intussusception, Mesenteric torsion, Strangulated hernia, Some foreign body obstructions, Adhesions/Bands

Front 43

What are clinical signs of intestinal obstruction? (5)

Back 43

Vomiting
Electrolyte imbalance, Acid-Base abnormalities, DEHYDRATION
Abdominal pain
Distended intestinal loops
Palpable abdominal mass

Front 44

What is the treatment protocol for a patient with intestinal obstruction?

Back 44

Stabilize the patient (correct A/B, fluids, electrolytes)
-IV Antibiotics
-Treat shock if necessary
THEN correct underlying condition surgically

Front 45

T/F: All intestinal foreign bodies cause obstruction.

Back 45

Of course not; very false.

Front 46

What are radiographic signs of a linear foreign body?

Back 46

Intestinal plication in cranial abdomen
Teardrop-shaped gas bubbles in the intestine

Front 47

Where can a linear foreign body cause a laceration?

Back 47

Mesenteric border of the intestine

Front 48

Multiple enterotomies may be required to remove a linear foreign body.

Back 48

Not a question; sometimes it goes down like that.

Front 49

What is indicated in cases of intestinal perforation?

Back 49

Intestinal resection and anastomoses

Front 50

Intussusception usually occurs in the proximal or distal part of the intestine?

Back 50

The proximal part of intestine usually telescopes into the distal part due to the direction of peristalsis

Front 51

What's are the parts of intestine in an intussusception called?

Back 51

The intussusceptum moves into the intussuscipiens. And no, I don't care either.

Front 52

Intussusception is associated with what gut disturbance?

Back 52

Hypermotility

Front 53

Intussusception is more common with what sort of signalment?

Back 53

More common in puppies

Front 54

What are possible sequelae of Intussusception?

Back 54

Venous occlusion, possibly progressing to perforation and peritonitis
Bloody diarrhea may accompany vomiting and abdominal pain
Intussusceptions are often palpable

Front 55

How do you fix an Intussusception?

Back 55

Use gentle traction to retract intestine. If retraction works, watch to see if Intussusception recurs.

Front 56

What's the most common signalment in cases of mesenteric torsion?

Back 56

Medium to large breed dogs, especially German Shepherds and Pointers. Adult males are more commonly affected.

Front 57

What are some predisposing factors to mesenteric torsion?

Back 57

Vigorous activity, dietary indiscretion, trauma, recent GI Sx, enteritis, parasitism, foreign bodies, obstruction, EPI, GDV