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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True false. Bacterial rhinitis is a common primary condition
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False. Bacterial rhinitis is almost always secondary to something
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What are two viruses and two bacteria that like to cause feline URIs
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Herpes, calici
Chlamydophila, bordetella |
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Where does myclasma like to cause infection?
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Usually more lower resp tract
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Transmission of resp infections can be aerosol and what 2 other ways
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Direct contact or fomites (kissing someone who is sick. Touching the vsl door handles)
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Who are shedding viruses?
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Those that are clinically infected (look sick)
Those that are subclinical carriers (look fine) Moms |
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What does calici like to cause?
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Oral and nasal ulcers
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What does feline herpes like to cause?
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Eye and nose stuff
Conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers |
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Whats a more common cause of pneumonia, calici or herpes?
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Calici
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A cat comes in because he has a cold. Hes got runny eyes and a runny nose. The right conjunctiva looks a lot more inflamed so you do a stain to see whats going on and detect a corneal ulcer. What medications do you definitely send this cat home with?
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Lysine
Oral antibiotics Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment +/- antivirals (po or ophtho) |
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This cat has a bunch of ulcers on its nose and tongue. Whats she have
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Calicivirus
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He shows a picture of viral pneumonia. Which virus do you think is causing it?
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Calicivirus
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Dendritic ulcers are located where?
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The eyes
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What causes dendritic ulcers?
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Herpes
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What virus causes feline viral rhinotracheitis
(the FVR of the fvrcp vaccine) |
Fel herpes
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If we suspect herpes or calicivirus as causing a respiratory infection, would you send out a nasal cytology or do a transtracheal wash to determine which bacterial agent is involved?
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Neither. You really dont have to go crazy with diagnostic workups when it comes to simple feline URIs
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If herpes or calici are causing a respiratory infection, why are we sending the cat home with antibiotics?!
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Because bacterial rhinitis often occurs secondary to a weakened immune system.
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Whats dr greens first choice drug for feline herpes?
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Lysine
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How does lysine work?
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It competes with arginine so the herpes cant replicate
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When you see mucopurulent nasal discharge that means __________ is incolved.
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Bacteria, so a secondary rhinitis
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Do we vaccinate against herpes and calici?
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Yes they are part of their core vaccines
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Would you nasopharyngeal polyps to cause stertorous breathing in young or older cats?
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Kittens, young cats
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Where can polyps extend into?
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Ear canal
Middle ear Pharynx Nasal cavity |
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There are two presentations that NP polyps can have
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Respiratory or neuro
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If a cat has a polyp extending into its middle or inner ear, how might it present?
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Head tilt
Nystagmus Horners syndrome |
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What structures do you want to radiograph when you suspect NP polyp?
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The osseous bullae
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Whats the osseous bullaes job?
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They house the middle ear
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True or false. Rads are the imaging mmodality of choice for viewing bullae
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Actually they are kinda sucky and annoying. CT is def the way to go
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How do we definitively diagnose a polyp?
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Histopath itll be inflammatory and fibrous
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True or false. If you have a kitten with a polyp that doesnt involve the bullae, you can sedate it, reach into the back of its throat with a pair pf forceps and pull it out til it snaps
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Yep
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What are the four signs of Horners Syndrome?
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Miosis
Enophthalmos Proplapsed third eyelid Ptosis |
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True or false. Polyps do not recur
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False. If you leave some of the stalk brhind they can grow back
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Why do we do CT on NP cats?
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To see where it is extending to
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If on CT we see the polyp is extending into the middle ear/osseous bulla, what surgery are we going to do?
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Ventral bullae osteotomy
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Whats the most common nasal tumor in dogs vs cats?
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Dogs get carcinomas and sarcomas (adenocarcinoma*)
Cats get lymphoma lymphoma lymphomaaaaaa and a little more lymphoma up their nose. They may also get adenocarcinoma or SCC |
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True or false. Like Aspergillosis, nasal tumors can cause facial deformity.
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False. Aspergillosis doesnt cause facial deformity
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True or false. Polyps do not recur
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False. If you leave some of the stalk brhind they can grow back
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How do we definitively diagnose nasal tumors?
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Histopath
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Why do we do CT on NP cats?
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To see where it is extending to
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Before we go cutting a piece of something out of a dog or cats nose, what blood test are we going to run?
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Coag panel. Noses bleed a lot.
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If on CT we see the polyp is extending into the middle ear/osseous bulla, what surgery are we going to do?
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Ventral bullae osteotomy
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When doing a knasal biopsy what might you like to avoid?
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Biopsying the brain. That dog is dumb enough aready
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Whats the most common nasal tumor in dogs vs cats?
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Dogs get carcinomas and sarcomas (adenocarcinoma*)
Cats get lymphoma lymphoma lymphomaaaaaa and a little more lymphoma up their nose. They may also get adenocarcinoma or SCC |
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Lets go ahead and measure our instruments before we stick them up the nose. What structure dont you want to go past?
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Medial canthus of the eye
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True or false. Like Aspergillosis, nasal tumors can cause facial deformity.
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False. Aspergillosis doesnt cause facial deformity
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What regional lymph node does a nasal cancer like to mets to?
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Submandibular
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True or false. Polyps do not recur
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False. If you leave some of the stalk brhind they can grow back
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True or false. Polyps do not recur
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False. If you leave some of the stalk brhind they can grow back
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How do we definitively diagnose nasal tumors?
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Histopath
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Why do we do CT on NP cats?
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To see where it is extending to
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Why do we do CT on NP cats?
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To see where it is extending to
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If on CT we see the polyp is extending into the middle ear/osseous bulla, what surgery are we going to do?
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Ventral bullae osteotomy
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If on CT we see the polyp is extending into the middle ear/osseous bulla, what surgery are we going to do?
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Ventral bullae osteotomy
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Before we go cutting a piece of something out of a dog or cats nose, what blood test are we going to run?
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Coag panel. Noses bleed a lot.
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When doing a knasal biopsy what might you like to avoid?
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Biopsying the brain. That dog is dumb enough aready
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Whats the most common nasal tumor in dogs vs cats?
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Dogs get carcinomas and sarcomas (adenocarcinoma*)
Cats get lymphoma lymphoma lymphomaaaaaa and a little more lymphoma up their nose. They may also get adenocarcinoma or SCC |
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Whats the most common nasal tumor in dogs vs cats?
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Dogs get carcinomas and sarcomas (adenocarcinoma*)
Cats get lymphoma lymphoma lymphomaaaaaa and a little more lymphoma up their nose. They may also get adenocarcinoma or SCC |
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True or false. Like Aspergillosis, nasal tumors can cause facial deformity.
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False. Aspergillosis doesnt cause facial deformity
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True or false. Like Aspergillosis, nasal tumors can cause facial deformity.
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False. Aspergillosis doesnt cause facial deformity
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Lets go ahead and measure our instruments before we stick them up the nose. What structure dont you want to go past?
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Medial canthus of the eye
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How do we definitively diagnose nasal tumors?
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Histopath
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How do we definitively diagnose nasal tumors?
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Histopath
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What regional lymph node does a nasal cancer like to mets to?
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Submandibular
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Before we go cutting a piece of something out of a dog or cats nose, what blood test are we going to run?
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Coag panel. Noses bleed a lot.
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Before we go cutting a piece of something out of a dog or cats nose, what blood test are we going to run?
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Coag panel. Noses bleed a lot.
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When doing a knasal biopsy what might you like to avoid?
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Biopsying the brain. That dog is dumb enough aready
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When doing a knasal biopsy what might you like to avoid?
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Biopsying the brain. That dog is dumb enough aready
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Lets go ahead and measure our instruments before we stick them up the nose. What structure dont you want to go past?
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Medial canthus of the eye
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Lets go ahead and measure our instruments before we stick them up the nose. What structure dont you want to go past?
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Medial canthus of the eye
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What regional lymph node does a nasal cancer like to mets to?
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Submandibular
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What regional lymph node does a nasal cancer like to mets to?
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Submandibular
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Are nasal radiographs helpful?
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Minimally
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Whats a great way to see into a nose
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Rhinoscopy but CT is better
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Before doing a nasal biopsy we....
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Run a coag panel
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What treatment is amazing for nasal tumors?
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Radiation therapy. Dogs do great with this
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Cats usually get lymphoma nasal tumors. What do we know about lymphoma?
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Chemo Is good at killing lymphoma
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So what are we going to recommend for treatment of canine adenocarcinoma vs feline lymphoma?
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Radiation for canine adenocarcinoma
Chemo for feline lymphoma |
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Most common nasal mycoses in dog vs cat?
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Aspergillosis vs cryptococcus
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Cryptococcus likes to Spread from the resp tract to _______ in cats.
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Brain
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True or false. Ctryptococcus can attack canine and feline lungs
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True
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True or false. Aspergillosis is a normal inhabitant of the nasal mucosa in many animals.
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True
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Are nasal radiographs helpful?
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Minimally
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Whats a great way to see into a nose
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Rhinoscopy but CT is better
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Before doing a nasal biopsy we....
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Run a coag panel
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What treatment is amazing for nasal tumors?
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Radiation therapy. Dogs do great with this
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Cats usually get lymphoma nasal tumors. What do we know about lymphoma?
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Chemo Is good at killing lymphoma
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So what are we going to recommend for treatment of canine adenocarcinoma vs feline lymphoma?
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Radiation for canine adenocarcinoma
Chemo for feline lymphoma |
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Most common nasal mycoses in dog vs cat?
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Aspergillosis vs cryptococcus
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Cryptococcus likes to Spread from the resp tract to _______ in cats.
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Brain
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True or false. Ctryptococcus can attack canine and feline lungs
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True
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True or false. Aspergillosis is a normal inhabitant of the nasal mucosa in many animals.
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True
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If you do rhinoscopy on a young, healthy dog and see gray? White? plaques what might you suspect
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Aspergillosis
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What is the number one thing dpgs with aspergillosis will be brought in for?
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Chronic nasal discharge
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What CS is almost pathognomonic for aspergillosis?
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Depigmentation of nares
(and you see ulceration) |
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What kind of inflammation will you see with aspergillosis biopsy?
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Pyogranulomatous
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We do a CT and see a large focal area of bony lysis by a mass. Do we suspect fungsl rhinitis or intranasal tumor?
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Intranasal tumor, fungal rhinitis usually produces multiple patches, or diffuse, bony lysis and the soft tissue mass isnt necessarily close to the bony lysis.
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True or false. Aspergillosis tends to get older dogs
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False. Intranasal tumors are in older dogs
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Nasal fungus gonna give you unilateral or bilater nasal discharge?
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Mostly unilateral
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If you have a dog with bilateral nasal discharge whats more likely--nasal tumor or fungus?
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Intranasal tumpra usually start put unilaterally then progress to bilateral as the tumor infiktrates the bony septum
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True or false. Fungus loves the frontal sinus
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True
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When will ypu see a dog with facial deformity?
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Intranasal tumir
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Blah blah blah what must be intact before you turn a dog into a rottisserie chicken with a clotrimazole stuffing?
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Cribiform plate
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True or false. Nasal foreign bodies happen
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True.
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A cat comes in with a mucopurulent nasal discharge, looks a bit under the weather. You send it home with some clavamox to cover the bacterial infection going on and dont think much more of it. Three weeks later it comes back with the same symptoms. Owner says he got better with the medicine but a few days after the bottle was finished he started back up again. What are you thinking?
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Im thinking he has an underlying condition going on thats causing the bacterial rhinitis
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What are four general categories that can cause secondary bacterial rhinitis?
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FB
Nasal tumor Fungal dz Dental dz |
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Post-anesthetic reflux can cause what nasopharyngeal disorder?
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NP stenosis
(remember for sasx, reflux during surgery can also cause esophageal reflux) |
