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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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These are not QA's..they are simply some points to jog your memory! Ignore the facet that the card says question or answer!
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These are not QA's..they are simply some points to jog your memory! Ignore the facet that the card says question or answer!
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Trichuris
Cushing's- ACTH stim is more specific (fewer false positives. Low dose dexamethasone is more sensitive (fewer false negatives) |
Cushing's- endogenous plasma ACTH concentration is test of choice to differentiate between pituitary and adrenal HAC
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Whipworm
american football shaped egg (in dog ruminant and pig) Hookworm eggs have "balls" inside |
Ascarid
Roundworms in th epig can cause milkspots, "thumps" (respiratory) and icterus |
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Tyzzers Disease
necrotizing hepatitis of foals and calves by Clostridium piliforma |
Alflatoxicosis
aspergillus comtamination of grain--animals are unthrifty, weak, anorexic (chickens, pigs, horses) |
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Hemochromatosis
iron storage disease- hemosiderin deposits in liver cells, causes damage Horse (esp), humans, mynah bird, Salers cattle |
Ancylostoma
Hookworms can cause cutaneous larval migrans in humans |
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Toxocara spp (roundworms)
are zoonotic can cause visceral and ocular larval migrans in humans |
Trichuris- Whipworms in dogs can be associated with hyperadrenocortico-like syndrome (hyponatremia/hyperkalemia, azotemia, metabolic acidosis)
Whipworm suggested as a cause of intussusception |
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Habronema spp. in horses can cause tumor-like stomach nodules and sometimes cutaneous lesions
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Spirocerca lupi- esophageal worms
cause reactive granulomas of variable size in the esophagus, gastric and aorta walls. May lead to aneurysm of the thoracic aorta or an ossifying spondylitis of the posterior thoracic vertebrae |
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Gastric Parasites
Ollulanus tricuspis- uncommon, in cat Physaloptera- dog/cat (stomach, v/d dark feces Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostronglus- found in abomasum of ruminants Gastrophilus- larvae of horse bot flies found in stomach of horses |
Coccidiomycosis
1-2 year old dogs, Southwest US, Mexico, South America double contoured cell wall Think dusty desert- spores carried on dust and inhaled-may see firm gray-white nodules resembling t.b. |
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Cryptococcus- in cats, granulomatous, rhinitis and sinusitis, sometimes a swollen nose appearance (Roman nose)
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Lungworms
Dictyoculus- cattle, deer, horse, donkey Protostrongylus & Muellerius- sheep/goat Metastrongylus- pig Oslerus (filaroides)- dog Aelurostrongylus & Capillaria- cats |
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Peroneal paralysis- knuckling of fetlock and dorsal surface of hindfoot scraping on ground
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Radial nerve paralysis
high radial: non-weight bearing low radial: knuckling |
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Clotting
thromboplastin --> thrombin --> soluble fibrinogin --> insoluble fibrin |
Plasmin- enzyme that breaks down a clot (fibrinolysis)
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Von Willebrand's disease- congenital clotting cascade disorder
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KCS- goopy eye, treat with cyclosporin and/or Tacrolimus
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Anterior uveitis- treat with steroids (in no ulcerative keratitis or hypertension) or Nsaids. Avois miotics (pilocarpine, dermacarium br) and topical prostaglandins
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Glaucoma- treat with Timolol maleate ( and usually with a topical miotic- pilocarpine or dermacarium br and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor- avoid atropine (big blue eye- think glaucoma
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Toxoplasma gondii- trate with Clindamycin
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Rabbit Ectoparasites
Psoroptes caniculi- ear mites (rx with Ivermectin) Cuterebrae- outdoor rabbit, large lump on neck- grub under skin Treponema- rabbit syphillus- dry crusty exudate around nostrils, ears, vulva |
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Cheyletiella- rabbit, walk dandrug
treat with permethrin dust |
Positive Inotrope
increases cardiac muscle contraction by making more intracellular calcium available for muscle proteins Beta adrenergic agonists (dopamine, dobutamine, epi) Cardiac glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin) Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (milrinone, amrinone) |
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Calcium Channel Blockers
anti-arrhythmic and negative inotropic effect (decrease force of contraction) used to treat atrial fib and supraventricular tachycardia as well as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertension |
Ace Inhibitors
enalapril- are vsodilators that help to increase cardiac output |
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Beta Blockers
Propaolol, atenolol, used to treat arrhythmia, systemic hypertension and HCM |
Fusrosemide acts on the LOH to inhibit reabsotpion of Na and Cl..used to treat pulmonary edema and udder edema.
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Lincomysin and Lincosamide -antibiotics used in pigs against mycoplasma pneumonia
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Equine protozoal myelitis- from sarcocystis neurona
Parelophostrongylus tenius- aberrant migration can cuase CNS pathology bu tnot EPM |
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Histoplasmosis
dog living in river valley area buffy coat shows round-oval structures in macrophages and giant cells. Organisms have thin walls, clear zone between cell wall and cytoplasm- large bowel diarrhea and respiratory signs Blastomycosis- river valley, organisms larger than histoplasmosis. Use PAS to see yeast formation in macrophages and giant cells |
Toxocara (roundworm) and Ancylostoma (hookworm) can be transmitted t puppies via colostrom or milk (roundworms can also be transmitted placentally)
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Toxocara canis (roundworm) and Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) are found in the small intestine
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Trichuris (whipworm) found in the cecum
Oxyuris spp (pinworm) seen in the terminal portion of the large intestine |
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Aminoglycosides: (use for Gram neg)
-Gentanycin -Amikacin ototoxic, nephrotoxic |
Tetracylcine- beware in patients with renal/hepatic insufficiency...Doxy can be used
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Used againt anaerobes...the 3 C's
-Chloramphenicol -Cephalexin -Clindamycin (and Metronidazole (Flagyl)) |
Depression of T3/T4 caused by
-glucocorticoids -anabolic steroids -furosemide |
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Megesterol (Ovaban)
sythetic progestin used to treat bening prostatice hyperpalsi (BPH) in dogs, eosinophilc granuloma in cats, agression (dog/cat), false pregnancy,severe galactorrhea and vaginal hyperplasia |
Estrogen (DES, Estradiol)
contraindicated in BPH (squamous cell metaplasi, cysts, infections) |
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Macrolides
minimal side effects (Timilcosin contraindicated in pigs) |
Chloramphenicol-
bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia in humans....contraindicated in food animals |
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Lincosamides (Clindamycin, antirobe)
causes GI upset, do not use in rabbit, g-pig etc contraindicated in horses- severe fatal colic |
Sulfonamide (Trimethoprine sulfa)
KCS |
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Pheochromocytosis- chromaffin cell tumor of the adrenal medulla, avoid catecholamine releasing drugs
Do not use Halothane |
Tetracylcine
pregnancy- cross placenta and retards fetal skeletal development...if used.. last half or pregnancy only |
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Methimazole
feline hyperthyroidism (adverse = GI effects, hepatic necrosis) |
Methohexitol
ultra fast acting barbituate for anesthetic induction and short procedures..esp. for sight hounds (be ware of profound respiratory depression) |
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Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
central muscle relaxant used to treat cats with permethrin toxicity |
Dimizine
for equine babesiosis |
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Oxytetracycline
for equine granulomatous cyst, ehrlichiosis |
Equine Infectious Anemia
isolate for life or euthanize Equine Viral Arteritis quarantine, antibiotics, support |
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PCN, Nsaids, Lasix to treat purpura hemorrhagica
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Diuretics
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) acts on the proximal tubule, Na and water NOT reabsorbed -used to treat edema, high altitude dz, open angle glaucoma contraindication: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, renal/hepatic issues |
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Diuretics
Loop diuretics (Furosemide (lasix)) blocks chloride and Na re-uptake rapid diuresis |
Diuretics
K-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, amiloride) block aldosterone receptors, Na and water excreted, K retained..works on distal tubules Thiazide diuretics- distal tubule |
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Amprolium
antiprotozoal increased dose can cause PEM in sheep used for coccidiosis overdose in dogs = neuro signs |
Atropine (and glycopyrrolate)
anticholinergic, prevent bradycardia, dry up airway secretions, causes mydriasis, slows Gi tract |
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Docusate- stool softener
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Etomidate- non-barbituate anesthetic
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Dantrolene- muscle relaxant, post anesthesia myostis in horses, urethral obstruction in horses
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Pilocarpine
miotic, rx for glaucoma, expect small pupils |
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ACE
phenothiazine -antiemetic in dogs (motion sickness) -negligable analgesic -penis protrusion in horses -giant breeds, sight hounds sensitive (hypotension) -may need to decrease dose in debilatated/geriatric animals |
Griseofulvin
teratogenic- contraindicated in pregancy esp horses and cats can cause bone marrow suppression used to treat fungal infection (dermatophytosis) |
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Staphylococcus Gram + cocci
S. auereus: mastitis, cattle, sheep/goat Bumble foot- poultry S. intermedius: otitis externa, pyometra, UTI, pyoderma S. hyicus: greasy pig dz (yeast formation) |
Streptococcus Gram + cocci
S equi: strangles, upper resp S. canis: lymphadenitis(Fel), neonatal septicemia (K9/Fel) S. agalactiae, dysgalactiae, uberis: mastitis |
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Corynebacterium Gram + pleomorphic, chinese letters
C. psuedotuberculosis: caseous lymphadentitis, sheep/goat C. renale: bovine cystitis/pyelonephritis (pizzle rot in male sheep/goat) |
Rhodococcus Gram + pleopmorphic
R. equi: suppuative bronchopneumonia, foals 1-4 months |
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Actinomyces Gram + coryneform coccobacilli
A. Bovis: lumpy jaw, bovine, sulpur granules in pus Arcanobacterium pyogenes: mastitis, cattle/sheep.goat |
Nocardia Gram + rods, filamentous
N. asteroides: mastitis, cattle, bovie farcy (in tropics, infection of superficial lymphatic vessels) |
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Dermatophilus Gram + branching filaments, tram tracks
D congolensis: cutaneous streptotricosis, livestock, Africa/Asia Lumpy wool, strawberry footrot, sheep |
Listeria Gram + rods (small coccobacilli)
L. monocytogenes: circling dz, visceral, ocular, cattle/sheep/human |
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Erysipelothrix Gram + rods, dew-drop colonies
E. rhusiopathiae: acute = septicemia,diamond skin dz, pigs chronic= arthritis, vegetative endocarditis |
Bacillus Gram + rods, large endospores
B. anthracis: acute febrile dz, death by asphyxiation, organ collapse, unclotted blood in carcass, don't necropsy, toxins kills phagocytes |
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Clostridium Gram + rods (large endospores , drumsticks)
C. tetani: tetanus, lock jaw, toxin--> synaptic inhibition C. botulinum: botulism, most potent biological toxin known, inhibition of neuromuscular transmission, fatal, paralysis of resp muscles C. chauvoei: blackleg, cattle/sheep, gangrenous cellulitis and myositis due to exotoxin-->rapid death C. perfringens: gas gangrene, humans/domestic animals, food poisoning C. novyi: type A = big head, young rams type B= black dz C. piliforme: Tyzzer's dz, foals <6 weeks, hepatic necrosis/enteritis |
Mycobacterium Gram + rods
M. bovis: bovine tuberculosis, cattle/pigs/dogs.cats/ horses/primates.humans, years until clin signs M. avium complex: classic TB M. avium sub paratuberculosis: Johne's dz, intestinal corregations |
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Enterobacteriaceae Gram - rods
E. coli: neonatal diarrhea, calves 2-4 weeks |
Salmonells
S. gallinarum: fowl typhoid, green feces, purple comb S. pullorum: bacillary white dz, white pasty vent S. cholerasuis: pigs, blue ears/snout, necrotic enteritis S. typhimurium: calf scours diarrhea w/blood |
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Pseudomonas Gram - rods, polar flagella
Mastitis,(cattle) Metritis, otitis med (sheep) |
Burkholderia mallei
Glanders: horses (cutaneous form = farcy), acute resp signs/death |
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Actinobacillus Gram - short rods
A. lingerisii: wooden tongue A. equuli: septic polyarthritis, sleepy foal dz |
Pasteurella Gram - rods, bi-polar stain
P. multocida: atrphic rhinitis, pigs, lateral deviation of snout Fowl cholera: swollen pus filled wattles Snuffles: rabbits |
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Mannheimia hemolytica Gram - rods, bipolar stain
Shipping fever: young cattle/sheep, severe bronchopneumonia |
Fancisella tularensis Gram - coccobacillary rods
Tularemia: tick borne (dermacentoe, ambylomma, lymphadenitis, cutaneous ulcers |
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Haemophilus Gram - small rods
H. parasuis: Glassers dz , pigs, lameness, polyseroitis H. paragallinarum: infectious coryza, chickens, swelling of infraorbital sinuses, edema extends to wattles |
Taylorella Gram - short rods
T. equigentitalis: contagious equine metritis CEM |
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Bordatella Gram - rods
B. bronchispetica: kennel cough. Piglets: atrophic rhinitis w/out distortion of snout B. avium: turkey coryza, poults, upper resp |
Moraxella- Gram neg short rods
M. bovis: bovine pink eye (IBK) |
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Brucella Gram neg small coccobacilli
B. abortus: bovine brucellosis, abortion after 5 month (undulant fever in humans) |
Campylobacter Gram neg gull-wing
C. fetus sub venerealis: bovine genital, EED, sporadic abortion C. fetus sub fetus: ovine, most common cause of ovine abortion |
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Lawsonia Gram neg curved rods
L. intercellularis: proliferative enteritis/ileitis |
Leptospira: tightly coiled rods shed in urine
L. interrogans: all spp, abortion, hemolytic anemia serovars: hardjo (cattle), pomona (sheep/swine), canicola (dogs) |
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Borrelia Gram neg loose helical coils
B. burgdorfei: Lyme dz,Ixodes tick, fever, lethargy, arthritis |
Mycoplasmas Gram neg, smallest free living unicellular orgranism, replicate w/o a host cell
M. bovis: cattle, mastitis, polyarthrisits, pneumonia many more types |
