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449 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
uses the belief that people and police working together will improve quality of life
community policing
the ----- facet of implementing community policing must be operationalized through: reoriented police operations, problem solving, and situational crime prevention, and community engagement.
programmatic
community policing dictates police must be ---- to problems and situations
proactive
community policing embodies the organizational strategy that allows police to ----- police services
decentralize
the ----- facet of implementing community policing involves geographic focus and ownership, direct daily face to face contact and a prevention focus.
strategic
the ------ facet of implementing community policing consists of a number of community based elements that differentiate it from the traditional professional model
The philosophical facets
The ----- and --------- facet of community policing involves philosophical changes in the mission as well as the structure.
Organizational and personnel facet
Blank of crime as a far greater debilitating effect on community then does crime rates
fear
Blank crime prevention comprises opportunity reducing measures that are directed at highly specific forms of crime involving the management design or manipulation of the environment and increase the effort and risks of crime a perceived by offenders
Situational crime prevention
List six sources of confusion surrounding community policing
Introduction is a long complicated process. Departments use community policing as a cover for aggressive law enforcement tactics. Police agencies have adopted the language of community policing but have not changed organizational structures. Community policing threatens the status quo. Community policing may generate public expectations that go unfulfilled
List of the seven community-based elements in the philosophical facet of community policing
Broad police function and community focus, citizen input, working together, developing trust, sharing power, creativity, neighborhood variation
Does the three strategic dimensions of community policing
Geographic focus and ownership, direct daily face to face contact, prevention focus
List the three strategies through which community policing is operationalized
Reorient police operations, problem solving and situational crime prevention, community engagement
List 14 things that community policing is not
A technique, public relations, soft on crime, flamboyant, paternalistic, independent within the department, cosmetic, social work, elitist, a panacea, safe, a series or bundle of programs, problem oriented policing
Describe the Weed and Seed strategy
Weed and seed is a two-pronged approach to crime control. Law enforcement attempts to weed out criminals from an area seeding brings prevention intervention treatment and neighborhood revitalization to the area.
As head of the National Commission on law observance and enforcement in 1929 blank supervise the preparation of 10 principles of police reform
August vollmer
prohibition of alcohol was established by the
Volstead Act of 1919
List the five interrelated pressures that impacted the historical shift from in formal to formal policing
Continued population growth, shift from an agrarian society to industrial economy, increased complexity in the distribution of material resources, the crowding of people in the cities, and advances in technology
When we police officers attend to stereotype is to view citizens as
Symbolic assailants
List the seven benefits to police in community when good relations exist
Greater cooperation, decrease in crime, more effective enforcement, better communication, improve working relationships between citizens in official groups, more people interested in police careers, increased governmental support for new police programs
Describe how and why age effects citizens perceptions of the police
Older people to interview please more positively than younger people, younger people are more involved in dangerous behavior and have more - contacts with police they are more likely to be victimized and more distrustful of authority figures
Describe how and why race affects citizens perceptions of crime
Race is the best predictor of citizens attitudes towards crime this is due to the perception that minorities are mistreated more frequently by police
Is there a difference in how males and females view police?
No there is no difference by gender
Is there a difference on how socioeconomic status people with view police
Yes citizens from the lower economic backgrounds are less likely to view police positively
List the 5 barriers to Police Community Partnership
Excessive force, police corruption, rudeness, authoritarianism, politics
Please blank must be changed if community policing is to be successful,
Leadership
Police typically envision there role as one of
Law enforcement
Police organization is about how to blank the department so that department goals and objectives are achieved
Structure
The blank model attempts to introduce community policing concepts and techniques throughout the department
Comprehensive
Blank is a managerial process that uses crime analysis information and periodic meetings to discuss crime problems
CompStat
When officers come to know and associate with the area and people they patrol or police it is referred to as
Territorial imperative
What are the four types of Supervisors
Traditional innovative supportive active
A blink blink pattern is where a number of crimes are activities are concentrated in a specific geographical area
Geographic concentration
A blank blank describes a concentration of crime and disorder
Hotspot
What does the Sara model stand for?
Scanning analysis response assessment
in the sarah mode this is the process where the officer or the department as a whole collectively examines the jurisdiction for problems or hot spots
Scanning
In the Sara model, this is learning the who what when where and how the problem
Analysis
in the Sarah model, developing an effective means of dealing with the problem preferably with citizen help
Response
in the Sara model, this is determining if the response worked to eliminate or reduce the problem
Assessment
List the nine reasons police agencies do not engage in problem-solving activities
Lack of analytical skill, managers do not know how, agencies resist change, heavy workload, little community involvement, little support for government agencies problems, linear process, too little is known about the problem
The rationale for having blank Patrol is that the visible presence in the community should act as a deterrent to crime
Motor Patrol
Blank offenses are crimes for juveniles but would not be considered crimes if committed by an adult
Status offenses
List the three ways in which researchers state police can reduce
Prevention of crime, intervention during the commission a crime resolution of the situation after
List the three primary reasons for citizen delays in calling the police
Apathy, skepticism about the police ability to do anything, notification of other people before calling police
Fear about a specific crime is referred to as ----- fear
Concrete fear
In blank blank operations, officers target in area in pose as buyers after the transaction they arrested the seller
Buy bust
Drug dealing that occurs in homes offices bars and other indoor locations is known as
discrete dealing
Blank drug dealing includes open street dealing as well as crack houses and shooting galleries
Indiscreet
Most resistance to community policing comes from
Line officers
The most critical determinant of a successful community police officer
Communication skills
In the description of police represent the thin blue line that protects the civil liberties if they are the greater threat to those liberties is a
Paradoxical role
Community policing calls for the blank of police organizations in a manner that police officers on the street have greater organizational power
Decentralisation
If guilt is known during interrogation one good thing to say is
Aren't you sorry to have become involved in this mess
During interrogation a suspect shows symptoms of deception
Point them out. call attention to them
Note taking during interviews
Should be kept to a minimum recording salient details only
The best form of documentation of confession is
audio/visual, audio, handwritten
The most important constitutional requirement for confession
Voluntary
Court case where a subject was kept incommunicado causing unnecessary delay and delay in arraignment
McNabb V us
Who can waive confidential communications
The client
When can you refer to notes during testimony?
To refresh memory
What three elements are needed to establish credibility?
Presents consciousness attentiveness
When taking a witness statement
The effective interviewer cannot accept any witness account at face value
The best types of questions to ask during interrogation are
Direct or concise
During a neighborhood canvas where should you start searching for follow up interviews
At businesses or residents along path suspected took on his way in or out
What is the main goal of an interrogation
To obtain a confession
When a witness's statements are based on preconceived notions this is known as
Expectancy
When a witness begins rambling
Gently bring them back to the topic
What is the purpose of writing a supplemental report
To keep the file current as new or corrected information is gathered
Paint chips should be stored and booked in
Clear plastic containers
What is the preferred method for detecting gun residue
Atomic absorption
If gunpowder residue is the on the palms of both hands
The hands were around the weapon and it was self defense
The purple color on the deceased persons skin is known as
Livor mortis
What is substance causes a persons skin to become a bright cherry red color when they die
Carbon monoxide
When an item of evidence can lead you to a suspect this is known as
Tracing evidence
When the crime scene is significant in size you should use a
Zone search
The best search pattern used is typically
Grid
The most common way to overdose on cocaine is through
Injections
Mescaline is what kind of drug
Hallucinogen
A cutting wound is called a
Incised wound
Infants are most commonly killed by
Child abuse
The most common weapon used in robberies is
No weapon hands and feet, gun is number 2
The most common point of entry in a residential burglary
Front door
Primary officer responding to a robbery must have
Tactical control
An investigator adding 2 or correcting a report , will demonstrate
Reduced credibility
Blank is used for casting a shoe print in snow
Dental stone
Fingerprint characteristics are called
Minutiae
Miranda is applicable to in custody interviews, custody is defined by
Case by case basis
Police in vehicles R
Reactive
Community oriented policing calls for
Decentralisation and personalization
Community meetings are beneficial because
Serve as an excellent opportunity to gather information and develop better relations with citizens
Officers must work a geographical area
Full time to permanently become familiar with community
What holds the best promise in breaking down barriers within the community
Working with juveniles
What are the four facets of community oriented policing
Philosophical, organizational and personal, strategic and programmatic
Who is more likely to resist community oriented policing
Line staff
A supplemental report would not be needed
A supervisor inactivates due to insufficient leads or evidence
When testifying in court you should make eye contact with the
Jury
Is community oriented policing fails who takes more of the blame?
The chief
Patrol officers resent community police officers because of their?
Work schedule
The department should make what resources available to CPO?
Flexible hours with fixed day off and good equipment
?

What affects fear of crime more?
Gender
Control the crime scene is the responsibility of the
Primary officer
What refers to the act of overseeing people
Supervision
Blank refers to the process of directing and controlling people and things so that organizational goals can be met
Management
A supervisor's job can be categorized into these three broad areas
Leading directing controlling
What made up word is used to describe the supervisors administrative functions
Posd Corp
What does POS DCR B stand for
Planning organizing staffing directing coordinating reporting budgeting
In basic organizational structures the blank organization is also used by the military individual or departmental type
line
The blank organization divides responsibilities among specialists
Functional
Under basic organizational structures, the blank and blank organization is a combo
Line and staff
The principle of blank of blank requires every employee should have only one supervisor
Unity of command
The principle of blank of blank is the number of persons one individual can supervise effectively
Span of control
A supervisor can reduce span of control by doing this
What is delegation
When employees take over when necessary to enhance their development this is known as
Succession planning
When department heads do not have to personally act on all matters within their jurisdiction this is known as the
Exception principle
The key to the exception principle is proper
Training
------- requires cooperation in accomplishment of an objective
Leadership
A leader who is highly authoritative is known as the
Autocrat
A leader who allows subordinates to participate in the decision making process is
Democratic
The leader who uses minimal control or offers no support is known as a
Free rein leader
The application of incentives that encourages positive behaviour is known as
Motivation
Incentives that satisfy individual needs are known as
Positive incentives
Motivations such as fear and coercion should be avoided these are known as
negative motivation
How to deal with a marginal employee
You can transfer the employee. Retain and tolerate, retain and correct, termination
When direct prompt action is needed this type of instruction should be given
What are orders
Most orders can be framed as
Requests
----- orders are satisfactory for simple tasks
Verbal orders
The most common failure of an inexperienced supervisors is
Over supervision
Leadership fails more often because it is not ----- then because the techniques are flawed
Provided or offered
The condition in a learner's environment, the principle of blank as an attitude favorable for learning
Principle of readiness
an experience that is pleasing or satisfying to the learner, that learner would want again....
Repetition
When something is learned first, this creates a strong impression, this is known as the principles of
Primacy
Information acquired last is remember the best this is the principle of
Recency
During instruction, attempt to provide vivid real-life situations this is known as the principle of
Intensity
The single most important skill supervisor can have is the ability to
Communicate
In communication , the static that interferes with the transmission of messages is known as
Noise
Instructing teaching or training and not punishment is the definition of
Discipline
The state of mind for a person who has confidence in or in the organization, who believes in the objectives, and desires to a Accomplish them is known as
Morale
An agencies civil culpability for acts or omissions committed while the employee acted with an scope of employment is known as
Vicarious liability
The most common rating error is
Leniency
The rating error or a supervisor will rate higher someone they know and like is known as
Personal bias
The rating error when supervisors group everything's towards the center of the scale is known as
Central tendency
The tendency of raters to rate from a general impression often caused by overweighting traits or incidents is known as the
Halo effect
Similar to personal bias this rating error is caused when a rater is unduly influenced by one or two characteristics that appeal to him
Subjectivity
The tendency for raters to be unduly influenced by good or bad occurrences near the end of the rating cycle is known as
overweighting
body language indicating deception tends to become more pronounced the --- the interrogators questions come to incriminating the suspect
closer
the use of trickery is not disapproved of as long as they are not forcefully used to encourage an innocent person. to incriminate himself true or false?
true
statements like "honestly" or swear to god are known as
qualified answers
65% of communication is
non verbal
note taking during interviews should only record
salient details
the best form of documentation is
audio/visual recording, audio, handwritten
documenting and interrogation consists of three parts
note taking, recording, obtaining written statements.
one disadvantage to audio only recording is
the individual may point out things or make statements to the interrogator may see but others cannot identify on the recording
list the three best types of interview evidence in order
audio/video, audio, handwritten statement
The first notable incidents of supreme court intervention for interrogations came about in
Brown vs Mississippi 1936
physical and psychological coercion can violate the
free and voluntary rule
The delay in a arraignment rule was caused by
McNabb v US
Asking someone about their occupation at during an interview may help to establish
Credibility as a witness
When stolen property is subject to depreciation from the time of purchase, the current ------ ------- ------- should be indicated
Fair market value
Supplemental report should be written at no less frequently than every blank days
10
The continuation of a particular investigation beyond 28 days requires
Supervisory approval
During the follow-up investigation, information like: is the suspect named? and is there detailed description of the suspect, are all known as
Solvability factors
Neighborhood canvas will result in good investigtive leads approximately
20% of the time.
where should neighborhood canvases be done first?
suspects avenues of approach and flight
The agency that provides the most comprehensive set of databases
NCIC
The NCIC stand for
National Crime Information Center
During a photo lineup, the primary officer should avoid conducting the lineup since he or she may give ----- verbal body language cues
Inadvertent
Photograph lineups should include a minimum of blank fillers
5
During a live line up you need to use a minimum of ------ fillers / non suspects
the number for
CVSA stands for
Computer voice stress analyzer
The CVSA notes microvariations in the audible and ----- portions of speech
inaudible
Planning and direction, collection, processing, analysis and production, dissemination or all elements of
The intelligence or analytical cycle
The three types of crime analysis are
Tactical strategic and administrative
This type of crime analysis provides analytical information used to assist operations and investigative personnel in identifying specific crime trends
Tactical
This type of crime trend involves analytical long-range problems in making predictions about likely increases or decreases in crime rates and trends
Strategic
This type of crime analysis focuses on providing economic and social geographic and other information to administrators
Administrative
General tendencies in the occurrence of crime across large geographic areas over extended periods of time are known as
trend
When the same crime is committed repeatedly over a short period of times sometimes but not always by the same offender this is known as
Patterns
the same type of time is committed over a short period of time, probably by the same offender. This is known as a
series
When the same type of offense is committed almost the same time by the same offender this is known as a
Spree
a specific location where lots of various crimes are committed on a regular basis is known as a
Hotspot
An offender who's responsible for a large number of crimes or victim reports a large number of crimes is known as a
crimogen
CODIS stands for
Combined DNA index system
Forensic science is that part of science applying to answering
Legal questions
One of the branches of forensic science criminalistics deals with the study of----- ----- related to a crime
Physical evidence
the American Society of crime laboratory directors ASCLD was created to overcome some of the problems caused by varying
Specializations
Too often an investigator will shift the burden of the investigation to the laboratory because they allow the investigation to
Stall for some magical solution
Lack of knowledge, unfamiliarity, fear of cross-examination, over representation of laboratory capabilities and inconvenience are
Some of the reason crime labs are neglected
The three measures of crime lab effectiveness are
Quality, proximity, timeliness
For crime lab effectiveness, the technical capabilities of the laboratory inability to the person who staff the laboratory is known as the
Quality
For crime lab effectiveness, the distance an investigator or technician must travel to obtain laboratory services is known as the
Proximity
Studies have indicated that a unified blank system can best serve the needs local agencies laboratory requirements
Unified state system
unlike other cases where evidence is submitted to a laboratory which only corroborating evidence possessed by the investigator, the analysis of ------- --------- can be the key to successful prosecution
Suspected narcotics
The third measure of effectiveness for a crime laboratory involves a prompt turnaround
Timeliness
This consists of molecules and carry the bodies genetic information and established each person as separate and distinct
DNA
AFIS stand for
Automated fingerprint identification system
The computer can locate as many as blank minutiae points for each finger
90
latent print matches can be made with as many as blank or blank minutes points.
15 or 20
A technician must make the final verification as to whether the AFIS system has made a hit because the AFIS makes no
Decisions on identity
AFIS has two major duties
Classifying & storage
NIBIN stands for
National integrated ballistic information network
This type of spectrograph is used in the identification of metals and elements
Emission spectograph
The FBI Laboratory will not conduct any
re Verifications
The two known reference files are standard reference file and reference file of blank materials
Questioned
The decrease in temperature of a dead body is called
Algor mortis
During normal conditions, the body cools at approximately
1.5 degree per hour
Within 1 to 3 hours of dying, this will happen
Rigor mortis
livor mortis usually evident within
30 minutes to 2 hours
livor mortis is important for the following three reasons
time of death, body moved, may show cause of death.
with decomposition, the skin first turns green at the
abdomen
By closely examining a body for foreign organisms, investigators can determine if the body has been moved from one side to another, been disturbed after death, or the position and presence of wound sites, long after they are no longer visible to the naked eye through the use of
forensic entomology
Five most common types of wound encountered by police officers in injury and death investigations are firearms wounds, incised wounds, stab wounds, puncture wounds and
lacerations
wound around a bullet entry is known as a
Contusion ring
In regards to firearms the type of crime such as a suicide, self defense, manslaughter or murder may be determined on
The distance of the shot
Comparative test shots must be fired with the same weapon And the
Same type of ammunition
In close shots with black powder, powder grains may be detected in the target even at a distance of up to
3 feet
With shotguns, powder tattooing is considerably ---- ------ than pistol wounds
Less dense
When a shotgun is fired at a distance of 3 to 6 feet of range there may be blank of the edges
Scalloping
Beyond 10 to 15 feet the pellets will have separated and the blank will not enter
Wad
This is one of the earliest methods of determining whether an individual discharged a firearm. this is based on the detection of nitrates on the surface of the hands
Paraffin test
The ideal method for detection of firearm discharge residue is
Atomic absorption
How many cotton swabs are needed to remove the firearm discharged from the hands
For
When locating gunshot residue, cotton swabs with these types of shafts should be used
Plastic
A cutting wound is also known as a
Incised wound
if there are numerous stab wounds in a concentrated region on the body then there is a strong possibility that the victim was
Immobilized during the assault
Puncture wounds typically cause
Little to no bleeding
lacerations are typically caused by blunt instruments, when death results from an assault in which lacerations were employed, the cause of death is likely?
Severe head injuries
Injuries suffered by a victim attempting to protect themselves from an assailant often from a knife or club are known as
Defense wounds
When pressure on the neck is applied by a constricting band that is tightened by a force other than body weight is known
Ligature strangulation
ligature marks usually encircle the neck in a horizontal plane which is different than marks found in
Hangings
Strangulation produced by pressure of the hand ,, arm or other limb against the neck compressing the internal structures of the neck is known as
Manual strangulation
In most cases of manual strangulation the assailant will
Use more force than is necessary to kill their victim
A major concern in death investigations is to make certain that the death was self induced and not the result of
Homicide
The most common methods employed in suicides
Shooting hanging ingesting sleeping pills drowning cutting and piercing ingesting poison inhaling gases jumping from high places intentionally crashing an automobile
Location of the wound and trajectory of the projectile is an important determinant of
Gunshot wounds
In shooting suicides the most common area is to the
Temple, no exit wound look for blood splatter gunshot residue and a hammer spur impressions on decedents hands
During hanging, the neck is rarely broken, the feet do not have to be off the ground, and petechial hemorrhaging is
Common in the eyes
With this type of suicide investigators would look for hesitation marks
Cutting
There may be signs of vomiting and severe damage to lips tongue and mouth in this type of suicide
ingesting poison
Carbon monoxide is the most common inhaled gas and it would cause
Skin to turn bright red
Intentionally crashing an automobile investigations should look for a lack of skid marks a single occupant speeding into an off-road obstacle and
Shoe sole imprints from gas and brake pedals are sometimes useful
what is most pronounced in the lower portion of the arms legs and around the face lips and jaw
liver mortis
During overdose investigations, the officers should seize any remaining
Medication and its container
during a drowning investigation, officers should look for objects in the hands, fingernail marks on the palms of the hand, foam extruding for the mouth, livor mortis, all these external signs would indicate
If the victim was alive and conscious when entering the water
During a drowning investigation symptoms such as chest cavity and lungs are distended and soggy, the heart is flabby the mystery that sells of the earth hemorrhaged, water in the stomach and duodenum algae in the stomach , these internal signs would indicate
Death was caused by drowning
Symptom or evidence that would have Koffee brown vomit with an onion or garlic odor
Phosphorus
what case caused the federal exclusionary rule to be applied to the States
Mapp v Ohio
The legal ways to conduct a search with? Search warrant consent incident to arrest of a vehicle exigent and
To conduct an inventory
Court case that allows a search incident to arrest
Chimel v California
Writ of certiorari means "to be informed" what is it?
when the US Supreme Court chooses to review a case
Documentary evidence is best or primary evidence is an exception to
Hearsay
In order to view medical records you must have a
Court order
CVC 23153 if this is a code 3 drivers?
Necessity for due regard
Children are culpable for crimes after what age
12
Under PC 844, when at a residence you must state purpose, ID as police officer, knock, demand entry / wait reasonable time this is known as?
Knock and notice requirements
The three parts of a search warrant are?
Warrant, affidavit, return
You have this many days to serve a search warrant after the date of issuance?
What is 10
An emergency protective order expires after this many court days or this many calendar days excluding holidays
5 court 7 calendar
Slander by writing is known as?
Libel
Any lie that causes injuries is known as?
Slander
During an interview you must determine the persons presence consciousness and?
Attentiveness
Court case that allowed stop and frisk?
Terry v. Ohio
Court case that allowed protective sweep of the house while arresting?
Maryland V Bui
Court case that allows exigent circumstances?
warden V Hayden
Court case that says if you have probable cause to search for it is needed to search movable vehicles?
Carol v us or Maryland V Dyson
Death generally occurs when the red blood cells have reached a saturation level above this percent
40%
Research indicates that suicide notes are
Not left in most cases
The difference between people who commit suicide differed on their use of note writing and their
Method used kill themselves
This type of burn is superficial
First degree
This type of burn involves blistering and destruction of the upper layers of skin
What is second degree
This type of burn has the entire thickness of the skin the epidermis and dermis destroyed.
What is third degree
This type of burn completely destroys / char the skin and underlying tissue
What is 4th degree
This is considered the best means of identification
Fingerprints
Being the hardest substance in the human body, teeth are used as the best form of identification for fire victims this is known as
Dentition
during the examination of the external body, a blister surrounded by a pink or red ring can be considered to have occurred
Before death
The dead bodys natural result of a dehydrating caused by heat a fire is known as the
Pugilistic attitude
Examination conducted by a forensic pathologist looking for soot , pulmonary edema, epidural hemorrhages, foreign objects and
Internal injuries
Carbon monoxide asphixia will cause death and fires at levels above
40 percent saturation
The presence of white blood cells in a histologic examination may determine
The injury was inflicted at least several hours before death
Concentrated burns in one area of the body are known as
Flash fires
Flash fires in one particular part of the body may be committed to
Obscure identification
A person who commits a minimum of 3 murders is known as a
Serial murderer
the National Center for the analysis of violent crime formed a partnership among the federal state and local law enforcement in the investigation of
Unsolved violent crimes
When investigating cold cases the most time consuming step is?
Review of all existing case material:
With the exception of murder few crimes generate greater public concern and interest than
Serious sex offences
The three classifications of sex offenses are serious sex offense nuisance sex offense and?
Offences involving mutual consent
This type of sex offense includes such acts as voyeurism and exhibitionism
Nuisance sex offense
This classification of sex offenses has the lowest investigative priority
Mutual consent
Rape is defined under the following circumstances 1 against consent, 2 unconscious, 3 other person is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, 4 if the person is feeble minded or insane, or 5?
The person is a child who is under the age of consent
During many cases it is frequent for investigators to ask a female victim if they were raped investigators should also ask this question of
Male victims
As long as the investigator is confident that a complaint is not a false rape allegation the initial interview of the victim should
Not be excessively long
When speaking with a rape victim the most important element is
Absolute privacy
When a rapist complements the victim or apologizes this may indicate
Low self esteem
While investigating a rape, Specific acts or kissing may indicate
The suspect is acting out a fantasy
While investigating a rape, if the victim was forced to say anything during the rape, the interviewer may learn about the rapists?
Motivation
While investigating a rape, a suspect who demands a victim plead or scream will suggest sadism and the need for
Total domination
A sexual offender's experience level can sometimes be determined by the ------ actions he takes
Protective actions, they may not know medical or police technology
items stolen during a sexual assault are categorized as
Evidentiary, valuables, personal
A rapist who takes items that he has touched or ejaculated on suggest prior experience or an arrest history, these stolen items are known as
Evidentiary
Items stolen during a sexual assault may help indicate if the person has a job, and depending on the size and type of the items ie stereos/televisions this may help to determine the sophistication and the ---- of the rapist
Age
The motility of sperm in the vagina is short, measured in hours rather than days motility decreases to 0 in about
3 hours
When documenting sexual assault photographs are taken, photographs serves two purposes 1, it corroborates the victim's account of the attack and to?
Photographs may provide valuable data for developing the suspects mo
In auto erotic deaths the primary motivation appears to be
Asphyxia
In analytical statement prepared by a mental health professional based upon the deceased thoughts feelings and behavior is known as a
Psychological autopsy
In order to accomplish a psychological autopsy one way of collecting evidence in determining the decedent's reactions to stresses would be to conduct
Structured interviews with friends relatives and associates
Intentional injuries on a child tend to occur mostly on the face, back, ribs, buttocks, genitals, hands, or on the blank of the feet
Soles
The two most commonly used weapons against children in child abuse investigations are
Belt and electrical cord
While investigating burn victims,uninjured lines or areas around the injury that are not burned is known as a
Line of demarcation
In classification of burns, this type of burn is the least severe
First degree
This type of burn is the most common burn injury to a child
Scolding
Although scald burns may occur in the form of a spill or splash, most deliberate scald burns are caused by
Immersion
When investigating immersion burns, the wound orders are very distinct and will form water lines, the depth of these Burns is
Uniform
When investigating immersion burns some of the variables include the temperature of water, the time the exposure the depths of the burn and your occurrence of?
Sparing
immersion burns this is caused when a child makes a fist as it is put into the hot water
What is sparing
Deliberate immersions can be recognized by donut pattern in the buttocks, sparing, stocking / glove pattern burns and the
Water lines
These types of burns are caused by curling iron, steam iron cigarettes fireplace stove tops or other items
What are contact burns
These types of burns are usually more shallow irregular and less well defined than deliberate burns
Accidental
These types of burns are usually more shallow irregular and less well defined than deliberate burns
Accidental
this type of child molester does not have a true sexual preference for children but engages in sex with children for varied and sometimes complex reasons
Situational child molester
This type of child molester has low self esteem and poor coping skills defender will turn to children as asexual substitute for the preferred pure sex partner
Regressed
This type of child molester is a user of people who looks for vulnerability and opportunity
Morally indiscriminate
Similar to the morally indiscriminate sexual offender this person has no real sexual preference for children and his motivation is more out of boredom and seeks to find victims who are new and different
Sexually indiscriminate
this type of a sexual offender includes persons suffering from psychosis, eccentric personality, mental retardation and senility
Inadequate
This type of child molester includes seduction, introverted, and sadistic
Preferential
This sexual pattern involves courting affection and gifts given to the victim
Seduction, subcategory of preferential
This type of preferential child molester lacks the interpersonal skills necessary to seduce them
Introverted
This type of preferential child molester must inflict psychological or physical pain on the child victim
Sadistic
When interviewing a juvenile victim, one of the ways to overcome the delicate issue of body parts is to use
Anatomically detailed dolls
When interviewing child sex victims we should look for if the child possesses age is appropriate sexual knowledge and help to see if the child story
Remains consistent over time
Child deaths between November and March often caused by
sudden infant death syndrome
Most SIDS victims are between the ages of one and six months with the highest frequency of occurrence between
2 & 4 months
Spontaneous, protracted apnea, cessation of breathing is the cause of
sids
SIDS is the leading cause of death among infants one week to one year of age
true
this occurs when a student intentionally or unintentionally reveals clues to feelings thoughts fantasies or intentions that may signal an impending violent act
What is leakage
There are three styles of robberies ambush selective raid and
Planned operation
This type of robbery has virtually no planning and depends on the element of surprise
Ambush
This type of robbery is characterized by a minimal amount of casual planning
What is selective raid
This type of robbery is characterized by a larger scores no plan to use of force less likelihood of apprehension and careful planning
What is the planned operation
the city that coined the term carjacking is
Detroit
The two reasons carjacking is occurring is one technology success for anti- theft devices and
A widespread supply of potential victims
80% of carjackings occur with this
A weapon
Most carjackings occur when the victim is driving
To or from work
And this occupational group has the highest criminal homicide victimization rate
What are taxi cab drivers
Truck hijacking robberies are often committed by experienced armed robbers acting on
Inside information
The primary tactical objectives of officers responding to a robbery call
Public safety, officer protection, tactical control of the scene,
The secondary objectives of officers responding to a robbery call our conducting the preliminary investigation, arresting perpetrators, and
Recovering property
is this type of stereotyping occurs when the officers expectations are so set to see one thing that he or she fails to perceive the event accurately
Action stereotyping
Is this type of stereotyping is an officer's expectations that the robber will be of a particular description
Physical stereotyping
This type of stereotyping has officers previous experience/knowledge of a particular location which increases their vulnerability
Situational stereotyping
This type of burglary would occur when a suspect used a fire escape to scale the building
Step over
This type of burglary would include a perpetrator throwing a rock or brick through a window
Smash and grab
The act of slipping open or shimmering by the use of a strip of celluloid a spring bolt lock that does not have an anti shim device is known as
Loiding
The two types of safes are
Fire resistant safes and money chests
The five methods of safe attack are 1 punch, 2 pulling/drag, 3 peel, 4 RIP, 5 ?
Blasting
This method of safe attack has the principle disadvantage of hammering noise being made
Punch or punching
this method of safe attack is employed when a wheel puller extracts the spindle
Pulling drag or come along
This method of safe attack is commonly used on fire resistant safes, moderate knowledge of safe construction is required,
what is peel
During this method of safe attack the locking bolts locking mechanism are exposed and compromised
Was the peel
this method of safe attack works on some fire resistant safes but not on money chests
Peel
This method of safe attack, has virtually disappeared because of enhanced penalties
What is blasting or soup job
When investigating safe attacks, particles in solution may be found, the variation among insulations makes them valuable as blank evidence
Insulation is class evidence
Placement, layering and integration are the three steps of
Money laundering
At this type of money laundering involves converting the funds placed into other assets are moving them to other financial institutions and distance the phones from their illegal source, these assets include stocks, art, jewelry
Layering
The last form of money laundering, the illegal funds have been placed and layered and are now clean, they are used to buy items and credit
Integration
The unscientific and illegal act of stealing artifacts from archaeological sites prompted the 1979
archaeological resources Protection Act
although soil is ordinarily class characteristic it may achieve individual status because of unique combinations of
Unique combinations of soils, pollen and plant specimens becoming mixed together
The four types of motor vehicles theft are
Temporary theft, joyriding, professional theft and fraud
Temporary theft and joy riding are different because
Temporary theft may involve using the vehicle for other crimes
vehicle is stolen and stripped manually for valuable assets like seats stereos car phones in tires this is known as a
Quick strip
Different from other thefts, in this one the vehicle actually exists actually belongs to the insured and it actually stolen however the victim will
Inflate the value of the loss
Several issues related to the theft of heavy construction equipment is there is no mandatory reporting, vehicles are spread out over several miles of job, and there's no affixed serial numbers
True
The International Association of auto theft investigators was formed in 1952 t/f
true
Since 1968, VIN plates on almost all domestic and foreign cars are attached to the
Left side of the dash visible through the windshield
this type of rivet is used by most foreign manufacturers
Round head or pop
This type of rivet is used by domestic vehicles since 1965
6 petal rosette
As this type of rivet is being used by Toyota
5 petal rosette
In an effort to reduce auto theft my easy the process of vehicle identification in 1984 Congress enacted the
Motor vehicle theft law Enforcement Act
During vehicle fires the investigator should determine weather in the gas cap was
In place at the time of the fire
Prior to a 1972 hull identification numbers were assigned
By manufacturers production records
The weakest security point of any aircraft is its
Locks
The automated means of rounding down calculated the dollar amounts to the nearest cent is known as the
Salami slice technique
when seizing computer items, unplug them do not use the on off switch and all wiring connections should be
Tagged
Wildlife officers generally spend about 20 percent of their time in
Law enforcement activities
the livestock investigator must be able to speak the lingo to be effective, livestock refers to cattle horses and other animals, tack refers to
Saddles harnesses and other equipment
The majority of cattle rustling thefts are committed by one or two people who take the animal for
Their own use
Horse rustling crimes and generally occur
At night
on cattle this is on the inside of the ear, on horses it is on the inside of the lip
Tattooing
one preventive measure for agriculture chemical theft is
For users to buy only quantities they can readily use
This type of heating is produced in three major ways, chemical action fermentation and oxidation
Spontaneous heating
Plants feed or accelerate the initial fire whereas this is used to spread the fire from around the building or from plant to plant
Trailers
The most commonly used plant is
Newspaper, cotton waste is used in factory or industrial fires
Accelerants are usually part of the plant the two favorite accelerants are
Kerosene and gasoline
These are used to spread the fire
Trailers
In most common household fires the corners at floor level are
the least damage
During fire investigations, if you recovered material is suspected of containing a flammable liquids, it should be sealed in an uncoated paint can not in
Bags or plastic containers because it gives off hydrocarbons that can contaminate
Before they can be analyzed accelerant residues must be separated from the material in which they are found this extraction is usually accomplished by simple, steam, or vacuum
Distillation
Although there are flammable liquids to which the nose is not sensitive , detecting equipment is as successful as
Olfactory detection or smell
Olfactory detection equipment is s most useful
Useful for searches along floors or in recessed areas
True or false, the most common flammable vapor detector operates on the catalytic combustion principle
True
In many arson for profit cases, the people to be interviewed include the insurance agent, the insurance adjuster and he insurance investigator
t
In many arson for profit cases, the people to be interviewed include the insurance agent, the insurance adjuster and he insurance investigator
t
When investigating arson, establishing motive is not enough for arrest and conviction the investigator must also determine if the suspects had
Opportunity and means to commit the crime
The two major types of explosions are
Mechanical and chemical
a physical reaction characterized by the presence of four major elements, high pressure gas confinement or restriction of the pressure, rapid production or release of that pressure, and change or damage to that confining structure is the definition of
An explosion
This type of explosion is a high pressure gas produced by purely physical reactions none of the reactions involve changes in the basic chemical nature of the substances , such as overpressure in a steam boiler
Is the mechanical explosion
This type of explosion includes those caused by burning of combustible materials and fundamentally change in the nature of the fuel
What is a chemical explosion
The comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 categorized drugs into one of
5 schedules
This drug was used in the 18th century to treat venereal disease cancer gallstones diarrhea
What is opium, pungent odor
This drug provides the medical standards by which other narcotics are evaluated
What is morphine
this drug is an odorless, crystalline, white powder and the darker the color the more impurities it contains
What is heroin
This drug was used for eye surgery, because it constricted blood vessels and limited bleeding in an anesthetized area
What is cocaine
The most common adulterants are sugars and local anesthetics for
Cocaine
This type of cocaine is five to ten times more potent than powder cocaine
Rock cocaine
This drugs compounds resemble the natural body hormones of epinephrine and norepinephrine
What are amphetamines
Medical use of amphetamines is no limited to control of narcolepsy, appetite control, and control of hyperactivity in
Children
The most commonly abused drugs are barbiturates which includes glutesthemide methaqualone some of these types of drugs are
Depressants
This drug was first thought to be safe and non addictive and to have aphrodisiac qualities and this includes quaaludes, and counterfeits on the street today test as diazepam / valium
methaqualone
Common symptoms of this drug include flushing of the skin sweating, involuntary movements, muscular incoordination, double vision, dizziness, nausea and vomiting
What is PCP
Side effects of this drug include dilated pupils, lowered temperature, nausea, goosebumps, perfused perspiration, increased blood sugar levels, and rapid heart rate
What is LSD
Marijuana is classified as a mild hallucinogen nd scheduled as a schedule 1 drug
True
The four requirements for a valid search warrant include, that judge sign it, probable cause exists, the warrant must describe the place and person search, and there must be an oath or affirmation
By the requesting officer
these agents include both living microorganisms and the toxins produced by organisms
What are biological agents
In court room, this party is considered the finder of fact in a trial
The jury
these rules were designed primarily to keep a jury from hearing or seeing improper evidence and the first rule is assigned to set parameters on the preceding definition of evidence
What are the rules of evidence
At this rule says anything is admissible as evidence unless there is some rule that prohibits admissibility
What is the first rule of evidence
And because the first rule of evidence says everything is admissible unless there is some limitation we can surmise that most of the rules
Are stated in negative form
This is defined as evidence given in oral form
What is testimony
This is the essence of the rules of evidence, this protects the trier of fact / jury, from hearing evidence that is unreliable, untrustworthy or may unjustifiably prejudiced
Admissibility
This evidence rule says evidence must have a bearing on the issues in the case is being tried, is there a probative value, with it aid in proving or disapproving a particular point,
What is relevance
This deals with the importance of the item of evidence in question
Materiality
The test of this relates to evidence is legal significance to the case
What is competence of evidence
Competence of physical evidence must be established as a condition of admissibility this is done to the process known as
Laying a foundation
Some rules of evidence prohibit people have been declared insane, a child of tender years, people under the influence of drugs or alcohol, this is known as
Competence of witness
This deals with the elements of persuasion and believability with evidence
This weight, or weight of evidence
There are two type of presumptions
Conclusive and rebuttal
The presumption that one is innocent until proven guilty, or that all persons are presumed sane at the time they commit criminal acts is known as a
Rebuttal presumption
Similar to a presumption, but offers more latitude in accepting or rejecting is a
Inference
This is a permissible deduction at that the jury may make this is a natural conclusion arrived at by deduction, and logical sequence, from giving facts
Inference
the doctrine of judicial notice is a
Evidentiary shortcut
Sometimes referred to as physical evidence this type of evidence can be produced in court and may include the weapon used, finger prints, anything observed by the jury
Real evidence, physical evidence
Fingerprints are this type of evidence
Circumstantial
This amendment provides A defendant the right to confront witnesses
6th amendment
A confession is an exception to the hearsay rule true or false
True
Although confidential communications are excluded by privilege, it is the ------ that is privileged and not the communication
Relationship
The process by which individuals swear to tell the truth based on their sacred believe in a Supreme Being is known as taking
an oath
If a witness understands and undertakes the obligation to testify even without swearing to a supreme being, the witness is considered competent to testify this process is called
Affirmation
Credibility deals with
Believability
Components like attitude personality appearance hygiene and general demeanor all effect of witnesses
Credibility
An officer's blank may suffer his or her recall is less than perfect
Credibility
Although leading questions are not permitted in direct examination
They are permitted in cross examination