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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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world order
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-at the end of the cold war there was a belief that war/history was over
-911 shattered this notion |
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views of history
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-western world sees history as linear
-others see history as cyclical |
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middle ages / feudalism
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-highly decentralized
-everything agricultural -king was extremely weak -therefore identities were formed regionally |
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unio mystica
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"mystical union" direct access to God (rejecting priest, pope and emperor)
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protestantism
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-1500s: feudalism begins to break down because of protestant reformation
Holy Roman Empire is replaced with thousands of sects and denominations -> churches become defined nationally (Church of England etc...) |
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counter reformation
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-Catholic resistance to Protestant reformation
-Phillip II of Spain leads the counter reformation (100 years war, 30 years war) |
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Peace of Westphalia
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-1648
-Ends Holy Roman Empire and Protestantism becomes ascendent -legal basis for many states -first "international contract" -"cuius regio, eius religio" |
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"cuius regio, eius religio"
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-to each region, its own religion.
-this is the basis for self determination and sovereignty. -in the beginning self determination and sovereignty only apply to christian / european states |
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national self-determination
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-more democratic idea
-govt. for and by the people -people have the right to determine their government |
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national sovereignty
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-boundaries established to keep other countries out of the decisions of the nation state
-this becomes complicated with the rise of human rights issues |
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nation state
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a group of people with the same set of beliefs in the same geographical location
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spread of national self determination and sovereignty
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-originally these ideas only apply to christian / european states
-1789 French Revolution and -1776 American Revolution reinforce these ideas. -1857 Turkey is invited to this club, so it is no longer exclusively christian -these ideas are spread via imperialism by force (ie: division of nation-states in africa) -1948 Universal Declaration of human rights challenges these ideas. |
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The Middle Kingdom
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-syno centric
- forbidden city = center of enlightenment - emperor had the "mandate of heaven" he was a mediator |
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Empire without neighbors
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no strict borders, instead a gradual continuum from light to dark (the farther you move from the forbidden city, the more dark, the more barbaric)
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Dynasties
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-3,000 years of continuity
-Ruled by various dynasties (families) -never questioned system, only individual rulers |
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Change in China
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The Middle Kingdom view of heaven and earth has no tension (this world is a reflection of the next). Therefore, there is no striving towards or enforcing of change.
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Trade in China
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-China begins to trade with outsiders as long as outsiders recognize China's superiority. (tribute system: kow tow).
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tribute system
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-kow tow (special type of bow showing great respect, done to the emperor of the middle kingdom)
- early 1800s British and Russian diplomats refuse to kow tow |
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Opium War
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-1839
1.British officials start selling opium to Chinese 2. people become addicted 3. Chinese officials burn the opium fields 4. in turn Great Britain goes to war with China 5. Britain's vastly superior navy destroys Chinese navy |
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Treaty of Nanking
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-Britain imposes western ways of govt. onto China.
-China becomes equal to other nations -immense internal dispute arises between traditionalists and reformists |
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Reformists (in China after treaty of nanking)
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Held the view that the Chinese should learn about western science and technology to build up their own military and fight the west.
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Chinese students receive western education
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-Students return to China
-enamored of western technologies and knowledge -fully aware of the humiliation China has suffered at the hands of the west. |
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Rise of Marxism in China
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-Marxism is the perfect solution to the inner struggle felt by these young people of China
-utilizes scientific and western technology, however it is clearly anti capitalist (anti western) |
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Marxist view of history
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every society: feudalism -> capitalism -> communism
-this provides a view of history that diminishes the importance of western influence |
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Sun-Yat Sen
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-father of modern China
-studied at University of Hawaii -enamored of USA -1912 is the Republican Revolution -not a marxist -nationalistic, blamed Qing dynasty for China's situation |
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sustainability
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green, profitable and fair
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mitigation
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alternative energy to avoid global climate change
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adaptation
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how to lessen the effect of global climate change
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eschaton
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-final moment when time ends
-war between dark (England/ catholicism) and light (new world/ protestantism |
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Thomas Paine
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-makes statements which directly link Protestant reformation with US declaration of independence.
-propagates the idealism surrounding the idea of America |
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Puritans
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-1600s (1607 Jamestown is formed)
-they represent the reformation outlook -had a covenant with God. So if famine and disease strike they assume that they aren't holding up their end of the deal (to bring about the kingdom of God). |
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Declaration of Independence
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-uses the language of sovereignty and self-determination
-nation state idea is clearly stated, "that to secure these rights, Govts. are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed". -sets down universal principles -along with revolution and constitution, it establishes a new nation state and a new world order |
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religious idealism of America
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-the United States is seen as "a city on a hill", the new Israel, and the people (Puritans) are seen as God's chosen people. The creation of America is like the Genesis of the world order
-Jonathan Edwards calls it the "nation of reformation" |
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definition of America
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-most nation states define themselves in terms of nation (ethnicity, language)
-America is defined in moral terms, so anyone can belong |
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Idealism of America
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-originally religious
-illumination of the ignorant, emancipation and religious restoration -by 1775 there is less religious terminology; however, there is still a sense of the "ideal new land" -America starts more as an idea than as a physical reality. The physical reality never fully reaches the ideal. -However, American ideals give "out groups" a way to appeal to a higher power/idea |
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USA today
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United States can be seen as the savior of the world because it brings stability to global politics and economy; or as powerful and overbearing
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