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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: a consistent increase in systolic BP above 140 and/or diastolic BP above 90.
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Hypertension
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Describe the two components of the incidence of hypertension.
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50-55 million and it increases with age.
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What are the two types of hypertension?
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Primary and secondary
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What distinguishes secondary from primary?
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Secondary hypertension is where the cause is known and primary is where there is no definitve cause
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What is the relative incidence of secondary hypertension?
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10%
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What is the relative incidence of primary hypertension?
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90%
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Give one important example of secondary hypertension.
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Renal hypertension: Due to the release of renin, which acts on angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I (AI)
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What are the three actions of angiotensin II?
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a. Constricts arterioles b. stimulates sympatho-adrenal system c. increases aldosterone secretion
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Renal, salt, vasodilator/vasoconstrictor imbalance, and genetic hypotheses are all examples of primary or secondary hypertension?
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Primary (essential) hypertension
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Describe the two failures of negative feedback mechanisms in controlling blood pressure.
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1. In spite of elevated BP, the number of impulses generated by baroreceptors remains normal ("resetting" of baroreceptors) 2. In spite of elevated BP, GFR (glomerular filtration rate) remains normal.
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Describe CO and TPR in the hemodynamics of the established stage of hypertension.
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CO is normal, TPR is elevated due to constriction of arterioles
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In the established stage of hypertension, why or why not?
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BF is normal in most vascular beds, b/c there is a proprotional increase in BP and TPR.
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How does the venous system change in hypertension?
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Venous pressure is normal, and compliance is decreased
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What does an increased release of renin cause?
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Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
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What does angiotensin I eventually become via an enzyme?
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Angiotensin II.
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