Sfos - Lect. 68

Front 1

Adenohypophysis (Anterior pituitary and intermediate lobes ) is derived from?

Back 1

Oral Ectoderm (Rathke's Pouch)

Front 2

Neurohypophysis (Posterior pituitary) is derived from?

Back 2

Neural Ectoderm ( from diencephalon, specifically the hypothalamus)

Front 3

The pituitary weighs more in the Male or Female?

Back 3

Female

Front 4

The pituitary wieghs 600 mg in the non-pregnant female and ____ in the pregnant female?

Back 4

1000 mg

Front 5

What is the primary agent that leads to the increase in pitutary size during pregnancy?

Back 5

estrogen

Front 6

the pituitary resides in the sphenoid bone in a fossa known as the ______

Back 6

Sella Turcica

Front 7

Dura mater surrounds the pituitary, but what is the dura called that stretches over the dorsal aspect of the pituitary to cover the Sella Turcica?

Back 7

diaphragma sella

Front 8

adenohypophysis is made up of what parts?

Back 8

pars distalis and pars tuberalis

Front 9

the adenophypophysis is surrounded by ______ capillaries.

Back 9

sinusoidal (fenestrated)

Front 10

the adenophypophysis will normally contain cysts (in the intermediate pituitary) filled with ______

Back 10

colloid

Front 11

Somatotrophs are cells in the anterior pituitary that secrete

Back 11

growth hormone

Front 12

somatotrophs are cells that stain (basophilic or acidophilic)

Back 12

acidophilic

Front 13

mammotrophs (or lactotrophs) are cells that secrete ?

Back 13

prolactin

Front 14

mammotrophs stain (basophilic or acidophilic)?

Back 14

acidophilic

Front 15

thyrotrophs are cells that secrete?

Back 15

TSH

Front 16

thyrotrophs are cells that stain (basophilic or acidophilic) ?

Back 16

basophilic

Front 17

gonadotrophs are cells that secrete ?

Back 17

LH or FSH

Front 18

gonadotrophs are cells that stain (basophilic or acidophilic)?

Back 18

basophilic

Front 19

coritcotrophs are cells that secrete ?

Back 19

corticotrophin (ACTH)

Front 20

coritcotrophs are cells that stain (basophilic or acidophilic)?

Back 20

basophilic

Front 21

chromophobes includewhat three types of cells?

Back 21

degranulated secretory cells, follicular cells, and stem cells for secretory cells

Front 22

Blood supply to the adenohypophysis is a portal system (has capillaries in two spots before entering final venous blood), why is it important for the anterior pituitary to share a portal system with the hypothalamus?

Back 22

releasing or inhibiting hormones are secreted from the hypothalamus from nerve endings in the infundibulum, this blood is then carried to the ant. Pituitary

Front 23

growth hormone (somatotrophin) stimulates the production of

Back 23

somatomedins

Front 24

prolactin initiates and maintains ____

Back 24

milk production

Front 25

TSH does what?

Back 25

stimulates release of thyroid hormone, and cell growth and proliferation of the thyroid

Front 26

FSH is important in ____

Back 26

ovarian follicle maturation (in females), initiation and maintainence of sperm production (in males)

Front 27

LH (or ICSH - Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone) - does what?

Back 27

in females, needed for ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation, ICSH - in males stimulates androgen production from leydig cells of the testes

Front 28

(true or false) - One gonadotroph cell can make LH and TSH

Back 28

False - One cell will only make LH OR FSH (only one) - however, gonadotrophs as a class will create both, just in different cells

Front 29

ACTH does ?

Back 29

stimulates synthesis and release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

Front 30

Pars intermedia (which is limited in humans) produces what hormone?

Back 30

MSH - melanocyte stimulating hormone

Front 31

Pars Nervosa (post. Pituitary) contains axons and nerve endings of neurosecretory neurons, the cells bodies of these neurons are in (two regions of the hypothalamus)

Back 31

Supra optic and Paraventricular Nuclei

Front 32

Carrier proteins of hormones of the posterior pituiatary are called

Back 32

neurophysins

Front 33

Herring bodies are

Back 33

axonal swellings where vesicles that contain hormones and their neurophysins (carriers)

Front 34

support cells in the pituitary are called

Back 34

pituicytes

Front 35

Oxytocin does what?

Back 35

stimulates uterine contractions and contractions of the myoepithelium of lactating breast

Front 36

Oxytocin is released from?

Back 36

the Posterior Pituitary

Front 37

ADH (vasopressin) does what?

Back 37

stimulates water reabsorption by collecting ducts of te kidney, which increases BP

Front 38

Deficiency of ADH can lead to

Back 38

diabetes insipidus (enormous quantities of urine (hypotonic))

Front 39

ACTH and MSH are both part of what protein precursor?

Back 39

POMC - pro-opiomelanocortin

Front 40

proteolytic processing of POMC will produce ACTH and MSH as well as _____ which has an opiod effect

Back 40

endorphins

Front 41

what makes sure that Post. Pituitary hormones and their neurophysins are in a 1:1 ratio?

Back 41

they are initially produced from a SINGLE large precursor protein

Front 42

Pineal Body (epiphysis) receives what information from the eyes?

Back 42

info about day/night

Front 43

Pineal body has two cell types in the parenchyma, they are?

Back 43

Pinealocytes and Glial cells

Front 44

Brain sand can be found in the

Back 44

Pineal Body

Front 45

The Pineal body mainly produce what hormone?

Back 45

Melatonin

Front 46

secretion of melatonin is in a circadian rhythm and is sensitive to light, secretion of melatonin is high at what time (day or night)?

Back 46

night (high)

Front 47

light will (stimulate or inhibit) the production of melatonin by the pineal body

Back 47

inhibit