Sfos 84

Front 1

What occurs at puberty in the female regarding the hypothalmus' sensitivity for gonadal steroids?

Back 1

Desensitization to negative feedback AND establishment of estrogen positive feedback

Front 2

Aside from steroid levels from the ovary, what else play a role in the cyclic control of LH and FSH secretion by the hypothalamus?

Back 2

Nutritional, emotional, and sleep-wake patterns

Front 3

When is gonadatropin secretion the highest in (prepuberty, reproductive phase, postmenopausal)?

Back 3

Postmenopausal due to loss of inhibition by dropping estrogen

Front 4

TRUE/FALSE Gonadotropin release is steady and displays no pulsatility?

Back 4

FALSE; pulsatility is important to prevent down-regulation of pituitary receptors

Front 5

This organ acts like a "black box integrator" by coordinating the events of the menstrual cycle on the basis of hormonal signals and neuronal signals?

Back 5

Hypothalamus

Front 6

Why is the menstrual cycle longer in the prepubertal and perimenopausal periods?

Back 6

general occurrence of Anovulatory cycles

Front 7

What are anovulatory cycles due to in adolescence?

Back 7

Immature hypothalamus causes erratic secretion of gonadal steroids and pituitary gonadotropins

Front 8

What are anovulatory cycles due to in the perimenopausal period?

Back 8

gradual decline in the secretion and negative feedback action of the ovarian steroid hormones

Front 9

What is an anovulatory cycle?

Back 9

varying length cycle; no luteal or ovulatory phase

Front 10

What day does the mensrtual cycle start on?

Back 10

first day of menses

Front 11

What are the two parts of the menstrual cycle?

Back 11

follicular and luteal

Front 12

What event marks the transition from follicular to luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

Back 12

Ovulation

Front 13

This phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the growth of follicles and the biological effects of estrogen?

Back 13

Follicular phase

Front 14

This phase of the menstrual cycle is dominated by the effects of progesterone?

Back 14

Luteal phase

Front 15

What phase of menstruation has cervical secretions favoring sperm transport?

Back 15

Follicular phase

Front 16

What cells of the follicle does FSH act on; what are it's actions?

Back 16

Follicular cells to proliferate and creat aromatase enzyme (androgens > estradiol)

Front 17

Which cells of the ovary do LH act on to induce the synthesis of androgen?

Back 17

thecal cells

Front 18

What does recent evidence propose the mechanism of action of estrogen is in creating the LH surge?

Back 18

Creation of catecholestrogens (act as both catecholamine and estrogen)

Front 19

What is the "self-priming" effect that GnRH experiences during the LH surge?

Back 19

Gonadotropin response to each consecutive pulse is enhanced (amplification)

Front 20

What is the phenomenon responsible for amplifying the ovulatory signal from the hypothalamus called?

Back 20

Self-priming

Front 21

What function does a constant infusion of GnRH have on the reproductive system?

Back 21

Superb Inhibition (causes the downregulation of receptors in the pituitary)

Front 22

What are a few of the mentioned pathologies that can be treated by a constant GnRH analog infusion?

Back 22

Prostatic cancer and precocious puberty

Front 23

What is it about estrogen that is sensed and integrated by the hypothalamus and constitutes the positive feedback signal of estrogen?

Back 23

The unique profile of estrogen

Front 24

What will happen to the ovulatory stage if there is an alteration in estrogen pattern of release during the follicular phase?

Back 24

Fails to occur

Front 25

What is the yellow pigment called that is aquired by the follicle after ovulation?

Back 25

Lutein

Front 26

What hormone stimulates the release of progesterone from the corpus luteum?

Back 26

LH

Front 27

What change signals the beginning of the follicular phase?

Back 27

The rise in FSH levels (due to loss of hypothalamic estrogen inhibition)

Front 28

What explains the slight rise in circulating androgens during the latter portion of the follicular phase?

Back 28

those which escaped the ovarian follicle without being aromatized to estrogen

Front 29

What happens to the basal body temperature after progesteron secretion by the corpus luteum?

Back 29

Increases

Front 30

How can the functions of the corpus luteum be sustained by a decreasing secretion of gonadotropins?

Back 30

HCG

Front 31

What is luteolysis?

Back 31

spontaneous regression of the corpus luteum in the late luteal phase