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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is aneuploid?
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Abnormal chromosome number (not 46)
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What phase of mitosis can we visualize chromosomes?
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metaphase
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This stain for chromosomes creates a banded or striped pattern unique to each chromosome?
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Giemsa Stain
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Giemsa Stain Preferentially stains (G-C or A-T ) rich areas?
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G-C (NOT gene rich)
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The pale bands of a chromosome stained with Giemsa are (G-C or A-T)?
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A-T
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Larger arm of the chromosome is the (p or q)?
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q arm (q follows p and p is petite)
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TRUE/FALSE Mitosis is cell division preceded by chromosome duplication?
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TRUE;
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What is the sequence of mitosis?
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PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase)
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What phase of mitosis is when the doubled chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?
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Metaphase
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A change in DNA or chromosome shape or number during mitosis can lead to this disease?
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Cancer
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Meiosis 1 is (reductional or equational) division?
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reductional
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Meiosis 2 is (reductional or equational) division?
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Equational (mitosis but with a haploid)
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Homologue alignment which occurs in meiosis develops this complex, which holds the homologues together in synapsis?
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Synaptonemal complex
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True/False exchange events do NOT appear to be randomly distributed?
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TRUE; occur only in euchromatin stretched out areas
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Chromosome exchanges are the lowest near what part of the chromosome?
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Telomere
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Sperm meiosis is initiated when?
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Puberty
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When does oocyte meiosis begin?
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In embryonic life
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In oocyte development, where do the primordial germ cells originate from in the embryo?
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Yolk Sac (4 weeks)
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Where do the primordial germ cells (oocyte development) migrate to to begin mitosis?
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Gonadal Ridges
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Approximately how many eggs are ovulated in a female lifetime?
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400
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How many times does meiosis arrest in egg development?
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Twice
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During egg development, what phase of meisois is the first arrest, also called dictyotene?
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Meiosis 1 at metaphase
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What hormone triggers the completion of meiosis 1 during egg development?
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LH
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During egg development, when is meiosis 2 completed?
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Fertilization
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How many polar bodies are formed after meiosis 1 and 2 are complete during female oocyte development?
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3
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The checks and balances of meiosis are much more predominant in which sex?
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Male meiosis
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What is the potential of errors in female meiosis related to?
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Amount of Time spent in meiosis 1 (increasing maternal age)
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TRUE/FALSE The longer the egg remains in meiosis 1 the GREATER the likelihood it will divide UNEVENLY?
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TRUE;
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What is the most common type of chromosome abnormality?
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Trisomy (particularly trisomy 16)
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What is the most common single specific abnormality?
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Monosomy X
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What is the most common LIVEBORN chromosome abnormality?
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trisomy 21 (down syndrome)
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50% of these patients (chromosome abnormality?) die within the 1st month, and present with small head with windswept ears, clenched hands, and severe cardiac and brain abnormalities among other symptoms?
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Trisomy 18
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50% of these patients (chromosome abnormality?) die within the 1st month, and present with holoprosencephaly, very small eyes, and polydactyly?
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Trisomy 3
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Which segemtn is missing in cri du chat syndrome?
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5p
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Which segment is missing in wolf-hirshorn syndrome?
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4p
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These patients have short stature, are infertile and often have coarctation of th aorta?
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Turners syndrome
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What happens to intelligence with each additional X chromosome?
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Declines
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Patients with this chromosome abnormality have tall stature, truncal obesity, gynecomastia and small testes?
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Klinefelter syndrome
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