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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristic common to pseudostratified epithelium
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it is ciliated
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keratinizing vs. non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
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non-keratinizing layer remains intact on the outermost layer
keratizing layer- outermost layer is apoptosed cornified layer |
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cytoskeletal origins of cilia, microvilli, and stereocilia
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microvilli are projects of cytoplasm that are extended via an actin network- base is called a terminal web
cilia contain microtubules stereocilia are actin-based projections that participate in signal transduction |
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tight junction: give alternate name, location, make-up, and function
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Zonula occludens
near apical surface of membrane proteins (claudins, occludens) on a string (actin) connect adjacent membranes together blocks passage of molecules through epithelium |
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intermediate junction: give alternate name, location, make-up, and function
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zonula adherens
lateral membranes of cells actin based induce shape change in epithelium and conduct signaling via catenins |
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desmosome: give alternate name, location, make-up, and function
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Macula adherens
lateral membrane Keratin (IF) based hold tissues together and different layers of tissue together |
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Gap junction: location, make-up, and function
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lateral membranes of adjacent cells
connexins form pore allow direct connection of cytoplasm between adjacent cells |
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Hemidesmosome: location, make-up, and function
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basal membrane and basement membrane
Intermediate filament based adheres epithelium to basement membrane, involved in signal pathways |
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general functions of connective tissue
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structural stability of organs, form barriers between organs/organism and environment, transduction of chemical energy to mechanical energy
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What are the motile and non-motile cells of the connective tissue
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motile: fibroblasts (make matrix) and macrophages
non-motile: adipocytes, plasma cells (B-lymphocytes that secrete antibodies), mast cells (contain, secrete protein granules) |
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Principal component of dense connective tissue
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type I collagen
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Explain process of collagen synthesis
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Pro-alpha-1/2 chains targeted to ER, hydroxylation (with Vit. C) converts pro-->hydroxypro (how much dep. on temp), chains form triple helix, secreted from ER, prodomain regions excised by proteinases
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collagen fibril formation, i.e. collagen cross-linking
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in telopeptide region, lys residues and deaminated lys residues (with aldehyde group) form Schiff bases
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Collagen fibril organization
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quarter-stagger overlap model with D-period repeats (~67 nm); gaps are sites of mineralization
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What are the two domains of elastin
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gly/pro rich region that is globular, KAKAAAK repeat region, which is ordered
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What is the basic makeup of a proteoglycan
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hyaluronic acid with core proteins branching off- glycosaminoglycans surround core proteins
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Describe the main components of the matrix of hyaline cartilage
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type II collagen fibers with proteoglycan monomers on hyaluronic acid chains
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What are the two modes of growth of hyaline cartilage?
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interstitial from isogenous groups
appositional from perichondrium |
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Where can you find hyaline cartilage in the body?
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costal cartilage (b/w ribs and sternum)
rings around bronchi larynx articular surfaces of bones |
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What are the main components of elastic cartilage?
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type II collagen and elastic fibers (oriented randomly)
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Where can elastic cartilage be found in the body?
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epiglottis
ear and nasal cartilage |
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What are the main components of fibrocartilage?
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collagen types I and II
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Where can fibrocartilage be found in the body?
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knee joint menisci and intervertebral discs
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What happens to cartilage during the course of a lifetime?
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hyaline cartilage becomes calcified
cartilage can be replaced by bone and fatty marrow cavity |
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Where does cartilage come from in terms of embryonic tissues?
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sclerotome from paraxial mesoderm-->endochondral bone of ribs and vertebrae
lateral phase mesoderm-->cartilage of limbs |
