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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Briefly describe ovulation and location of fertilization
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egg is released form mature follicle--> enters uterine tube guided by fimbriae--> fertilization often takes place in distal end of uterine tube
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Early cell division until implantation
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zygote-->morula-->blastocyst (inner cell mass and trophoblast)--> attachment to uterine epithelium
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Development following implantation
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trophoblast invades endometrium, forming syncytiotrophoblast
remaining outer layer of cells = cytotrophoblast |
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development of amnion, yolk sac, and early embryo
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cavity in inner cell mass = amnion
blastocyst cavity = yolk sac 2 inner cell layers = embryo = epiblast and hypoblast layer of extra-embryonic mesoderm forms layer lining amnion, yolk sac, and cytotrophoblast |
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Describe the three layers of maternal mucosa (decidua)
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Decidua parietalis- endometrium uninvolved in placenta
Decidua capsularis- layer surrounding the amnion and chorion Decidua basalis- maternal component of placenta |
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Describe circulation in placenta
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chorionic villi extend into placenta, contain fetal blood vessels, and are bathed in maternal blood
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What are the three tissue layers of the chorion (exterior to interior)
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syntrophoblast--> cytotrophoblast--> mesoderm
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What is the cytotrophoblastic shell and how is it formed?
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shell anchors the fetal placenta to endometrium; it is formed by cytotrophoblast cells passing through syntrophoblast to cover decidua basalis
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Provide regions of vertebral column and number of vertebra in each
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Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12 Lumbar- 5 Sacral- 5 |
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Ligaments of the vertebral column
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Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments- along bodies of vertebrae
ligamentum flava- connect laminae interspinous ligament- connects spinous processes supraspinous ligament- connects top of spinous processes intertransverse ligament- connects top of transverse processes |
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What are the two components of the intervertebral disc
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annulus fibrosus- fibrocartilage broder
nucleus pulposus- from notochord |
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Describe the fate of paraxial mesoderm
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becomes somites, which differentiate into dermatome, myotome, and sclertome
portions of adjacent somites form single vertebra (intersegmental) |
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Describe key differences between extrinsic and intrinsic back muscles
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extrinsic muscles: from hypomere, ventral rami innervate, attach and move limbs
intrinsic muscles: from epimere, dorsal rami innervate, move vertebral column |
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Where do the first intra-embryonic mesoderm cells come from?
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primitive streak and primitive knot
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The intra-embryonic mesoderm condenses into 4 structures- what are they?
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notochord - induces neural plate, becomes nucleus pulposis
paraxial mesoderm becomes somites intermedial mesoderm- urogenital system lateral plate- body wall and cavities |
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Provide a brief overview of the mature gastrula
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intraembryonic coelom emerges, dividing somatic and splanchnic mesoderm
cardiogenic plate, oral membrane, and cloacal membrane are present connecting stalk and allantois at are caudal end of embryo |
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describe neurulation briefly
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ectoderm invaginates--> top layers fuse to form neural tube and neural crest--> neural crest cells eventually migrate
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Fate of somatopleure (lateral plate and ectoderm)
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forms lateral and ventral body wall, somite myotomes migrate to somatopleure to form pleura and peritoneum
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Fate of splanchnopleure
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forms wall of gut tube and visceral pleura and peritoneum; also forms the mesenteries that surround visceral organs
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Fate of intraembryonic coelom
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will divide to form various cavities of the body
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What transformation marks the establishment of the vertebrate body plan?
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the ectoderm as part of the somatopleure invaginates and moves ventrally, i.e. the amnion begins to envelope the embryo and umbilical cord
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During the establishment of the vertebrate body plan, the intra-embryonic coelom contains 3 distinct regions. What are they, and what are the implications of this distinction so early in development?
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the foregut, the mid gut, and the hindgut
The significance is that nerves and arteries that develop in these sections will remain there for the duration of development |
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What does the septum transversum separate and what does it eventually develop into?
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It separates the pleural and abdominal cavities
it becomes the diaphragm |
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What are some prominent external features of the developing embryo?
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heart prominence, somites, limb buds, pharyngeal arches, cloaca, and ectodermal placodes
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