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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lay out the basic tissues of the the thoracic body wall- from exterior to superior
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skin, Camper's (superficial) fascia, Scarpa's fascia, deep (investing) fascia, skeletal muscle, ribs and vertebrae, parietal pleura and peritoneum
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Describe the basic innervation of body wall
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spinal nerve proper divides into dorsal and ventral rami (contain somatomotor and general sensory neurons), which divide into cutaneous nerves (contain sensory neurons)
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What is a plexus?
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Interconnecting series of nerves or blood vessels
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Describe the innervation of pectoralis major?
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lateral pectoral nerve (superior, medial to medial pectoral nerve) runs in bundle with thoracoacromial vessels
medial pectoral nerve pierces pectoralis minor |
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Provide diagnostic characteristics for three muscle tissue types
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Skeletal: striations and peripheral nuclei, polygonal cross-section
Cardiac: striations, central nuclei, intercalated discs Smooth: spindle-shaped, variety of orientations in tissue |
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Describe organization of CT in skeletal muscle
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Epimysium surrounds muscle
Perimysium surrounds fascicle Endomysium surrounds fiber |
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Describe I band, A band, H band, Z line, M line
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I band: actin myofilaments
A band: myosin H band: myosin not overlapped by actin Z line: boundary of sarcomere M line: crosslinked myosin |
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What are the different types of troponin and what do they do?
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TnC binds calcium
TnT binds tropomyosin TnI blocks myosin/actin interaction |
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Dystrophin links what to what in muscle cell?
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actin to basal lamina outside the cell
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Briefly describe skeletal muscle contraction from excitation to release of calcium
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excitation leads to depolarization in T tubule in triad with sarcoplasmic reticulum; mechanical interaction between channels in T tubule and SR opens SR Ca channels, releases Ca
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Briefly describe skeletal muscle contraction from release of calcium to power stroke
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TnC binds Ca, reveals myosin binding site, myosin binds to actin, myosin binds to ATP and releases actin, myosin hydrolyzes ATP, cocks head, release of ADP causes power stroke
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Briefly describe neuromuscular junction
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neuron releases acetocholine, which causes opening of Na channels-->depolarization of T tubule
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Briefly describe intercalated disc composition of cardiac muscle
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zonula adherens (IJ) and desmosomes form stepwise cell junctions with gap junctions
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Describe contraction initiation of cardiac muscle
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Ca is released from T-tubule (in diad with SR), which triggers opening of Ca channels in SR, initiating power stroke
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What are the 3 mechanisms for initiating contraction in smooth muscle?
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voltage-gated Ca channels
Mechanosensitive Ca channels hormone receptors that release secondary messengers that cause Ca release |
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Briefly describe contraction process in smooth muscle
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calmodulin binds to Ca--> binds to myosin light chain kinase, phosphorylates myosin head, exposing actin binding region
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