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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Production of which GLUT is stimulated by insulin in muscle and adipose?
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GLUT 4
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Which GLUT is found in liver and pancreatic cells?
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GLUT2
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Which GLUT is found in all cells?
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GLUT1
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What is the difference between hexokinas and glucokinase?
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Glucokinase is only found in the liver and is not regulated by glucose-6 phosphate
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Which enzyme in the liver makes free glucose to release into the blood stream to regulate blood glucose?
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Glucose-6 phosphatase
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How is phosphofructokinase regulated?
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By the ATP/ADP ratio
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How is pyruvate kinase regulated?
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It is stimulated by insulin when plasma glucose levels are high. When ATP is high, it is inhibited.
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What are the components of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and what are their cofactors?
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Decarboxylase (thiamine Vit B1) transacetylase (coenzyme A pantothenic acid) and dehydrogenase (riboflavin, Vit B2)
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Where in the electron transport chain does FADH2 come in?
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Cytochrome complex 2
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How many protons passing through the ATP synthase are necessary to make one molecule of ATP?
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Two protons are required per ATP
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What are uncoupling proteins?
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They are proteins in the mitochondrial membrane that reduce proton gradient to increase heat and reduce ATP production
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What enzymes are regulated by glucagon?
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F1,6-BP, PEP carboxykinase, and pyruvate carboxylase
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What enzyme do statin drugs work on?
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HMG CoA reductase in cholesterol synthesis pathway. This is normally stimulated by insulin
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Why do ketoacids work well as a form of energy during times of starvation?
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Because they can traverse the blood grain barrier and become converted to acetyl-CoA and go through TCA
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