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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?
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zona glomerulosa (G), zona fasciculata (F), and zona reticularis (R)
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Where is aldosterone produced and what does it do?
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In the zona glomerulosa. It increases sodium resorption in distal tubule.
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Where is corticosterone and cortisol produced and what do they do?
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In the zona fasciculata. It affects carbohydrate metabolism and provides resistance to stress and supresses inflammatory response to allergic rxn. Controlled by ACTH
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Where in adrenals are androgens produced?
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In the zona reticularis. They promote secondary male sex characteristics and are controlled by ACTH.
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What cholesterol modifying enzyme is stored in the lysosome?
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Cholesterol esterase that cleaves ester and makes free cholesterol.
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What is produced in the adrenal medulla and how is it stimulated?
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Norepinephrine and epinephrine are produced and it is controlled by the parasympathetic NS.
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Describe Addison's disease
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Decreased hormone production as a result of degeneration of adrenocortical cells. Can be caused by autoimmune rxn or tuberculosis (can be fatal)
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Describe Cushing's disease
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Increased hormone production as a result of pituitary tumor that causes increase in cortisol levels (not fatal)
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How are the pre-enzymes secreted by the pancreas converted into active enzymes?
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Enteroendocrine cells produce secretion that changes them into active enzymes in the gut
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What are the hormones produced by the Islets of Langerhans?
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Glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Insulin producing cells are the most numerous.
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What locally produced hormone inhibits both insulin and glucagon?
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Somatostatin
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What is the function of the pineal gland?
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It produces serotonin during the day and melatonin during the night on a diurnal rhythm (circadian)
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