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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which STIs are bacterial? |
Three of them: -Gonorrhea -Chlamydia -Syphilis |
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Which STIs are viral? |
Four of them: -Herpes -Syphilis -Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -Hepatitis B or C |
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A few methods for reducing your STI risk |
-Learn about them -Abstinence -Communication with partner -Vaccination -Mutual monogamy -Reduced number of sex partners -Condoms -Regular testing |
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What is a STI? |
An infection passed from person to person through intimate sexual content. Also called sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) |
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How many people have STIs and who is infected? |
In the United States about 19 million new infections are thought to occur each year. -Infections affect men and women of all backgrounds and economic levels. -About half of new infections are among young people age 15-24 -Women have more frequent and more serious health problems from STIs than men
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How do you get an STI? |
By having intimate sexual contact with someone who already has the infection. -But you can't necessarily tell if someone has an infection because many people are asymptomatic. -Can still be passed if there are no symptoms -Spread during vaginal, anal, oral sex or during genital touching. -Possible to get some STIs without having intercourse. |
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Can STIs cause health problems? |
Yes, each STI causes different health problems. -Overall, untreated STI's can cause cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, pregnancy problems, widespread infections to other parts of the body, organ damage or death -Having an STI puts you cat greater risk of getting HIV |
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How do you get tested for STIs? |
No one test for all STIs. Ask your doctor about getting tested, they often do a set panel of tests so it's a good idea to inquire about which infections are covered. Testing may involve: -Pelvic and physical exam (looking for signs) -Blood sample -Urine sample -Fluid or tissue sample -Oral swab |
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Who needs to get tested for STIs? |
Talk to your doctor: which tests you might need and how often depend mainly on your sexual history and your partner's. |
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How are STIs treated? |
Treatment depends on the type of STI. For some: treatment may involve taking medicine or getting a shot, others can't be cured but treatment can relieve the symptoms. |
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How can a woman's anatomy place her at unique risk for STD infection, compared to a man? |
-The lining of the vagina is thinner and more delicate than the skin on a penis, so it's easier for bacteria and viruses to penetrate -The vagina is a good environment (most) for bacteria to grow
Among new cases: 64% women, 36% men |
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How do women's symptoms of common STDs-- such as chlamydia and gonorrhea-- compare to men's? |
Women are less likely to have symptoms, and if they do occur, they can go away even though the infection may remain |
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Why are women more likely to confuse symptoms of an STD for something else? |
-Women often have normal discharge or think that burning/itching is related to a yeast infection -Men usually notice symptoms like discharge because it is unusual |
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Why might women not see symptoms as easily as men? |
-Genital ulcers (like from herpes or syphilis) can occur in the vagina and may not be easily visible, while men are more likely to notice sores on their penis |
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How does HPV affect women differently than men? |
-HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in women and is the main cause of cervical cancer. -Common in men but most do not develop any serious health problems |
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What are the potential consequences of STDs in pregnant women? |
-Women who are pregnant can pass STDs to their babies -Genital herpes, syphilis and HIV can be passed to babies during pregnancy and at delivery -Related to stillbirth, low birth weight, brain damage, blindness and deafness |
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How might STD's affect a woman's future reproductive plans? |
-Untreated STDs can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can result in infertility and ectopic pregnancy |
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Top risk factors for acquiring an STD |
-Unprotected sex -Multiple partners -Being under 25 years old (biological susceptibility) -Alcohol use (leads to risky sexual behavior) -Illicit drug use: risky sexual behavior and potential transmission of blood-borne diseases -Trading sex for money or drugs (decreased power to advocate for oneself) -Serial monogamy (more likely to be tempted to stop using safer sex precautions) -Having an STD (increased susceptibility) -Community with a high prevalence of STDs -Having high risk STD partner -Reliance on birth control as protection |
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What are the most common STDs transmitted through non-sexual contact? |
Syphilis: transmitted through direct contact with the open sores Herpes: whenever an open sore comes into contact with a break in the skin Trichomonas: capable for surviving for some hours outside the body in bodily fluids, damp towels or bedding. Parasitic insects: scabies infection passed through contaminated clothes or bedding |
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What ratio of new STD infections occur in teenagers? |
One in four |
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What rate of adults who have had an STD revealed that fact to their current or most recent partner before they had sexual intercourse? |
Only about one third -28% men -34% women |
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What is the ratio of people in the U.S. who have an STD? |
One out of five |
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What rate of sexually active youth will contract an STD by age 25? |
1 in 2 |
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What percentage of people age 18-44 have ever been tested for an STI other than HIV/AIDS? |
Less than half |
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How long after sex do symptoms of chlamydia show up? |
7-28 days after sex BUT most women and some men have no symptoms |
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What are some symptoms of chlamydia for women? |
-Discharge from the vagina -Bleeding from the vagina between periods -Burning or pain when you urinate -Need to urinate more often -Pain in abdomen, sometimes with fever and nausea |
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What are some symptoms of chlamydia for men? |
-Water, white drip from the penis -Burning or pain when you urinate -Need to urinate more often -Swollen or tender testicles |
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How do you get chlamydia? |
Spread during vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has chlamydia |
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What happens if you don't get treated for chlamydia? |
-You can give chlamydia to your sex partner(s). -Can lead to more serious infection. -Reproductive organs can be damaged -Women and possibly men may no longer be able to have children -A mother with chlamydia can give it to her baby during childbirth |
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What is the treatment for chlamydia? |
Single-dose or twice-a day course of antibiotics for one week. Antibiotics are very effective for treating chlamydia. More than 95 out of 100 people with chlamydia will be cured if they take their antibiotics correctly |
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How long after sex do symptoms of gonorrhea show up? |
-Symptoms show up 2-21 days after having sex BUT most women and some men have no symptoms. |
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What are some symptoms of gonorrhea for women? |
-Thick yellow or gray discharge from the vagina -Burning or pain when you urinate or have a bowel movement. -Abnormal periods or bleeding between periods -Cramps and pain in the lower abdomen (belly) |
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What are some symptoms of gonorrhea for men? |
-Thick yellow or greenish drip from the penis. -Burning or pain when you urinate or have a bowel movement -Need to urinate more often -Swollen or tender testicles |
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How do you get gonorrhea? |
Spread during vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has gonorrhea |
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What happens if you don't get treated for gonorrhea? |
-You can give gonorrhea to your sex partner(s) -Can lead to more serious infection. -Reproductive organs can be damaged -Both men and women may no longer be able to have children -Can cause heart trouble, skin disease, arthritis and blindness -A mother with gonorrhea can give it to her baby in the womb or during childbirth |
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How is gonorrhea treated? |
Antibiotic treatments: -shot -single dose orally -orally twice a day for 7 days
But gonorrhea treatment is complicated by the infections ability to develop resistance to therapies |
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How long after contact with the hepatitis B do symptoms show up? |
1-9 months after contact But many people have no symptoms or mild symptoms |
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What are some of the symptoms of Hepatitis B? |
-Flu-like feelings that don't go away -Tiredness -Jaundice (yellow skin) -Dark urine, light-colored bowel movements |
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How do you get Hepatitis B? |
-Spread during vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has Hepatitis B -Spread by sharing needles to inject drugs, or for any other reason -Spread by contact with infected blood |
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What happens if you don't get treated for Hepatitis B? |
-You can give hepatitis B top your sex partner(s) or someone you share a needle with -Some people recover completely -Some people cannot be cured. Symptoms go away, but they can still give Hepatitis B to others -Can cause permanent liver damage or liver cancer -A mother with hepatitis B can give it to her baby during childbirth |
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How is hepatitis B treated? |
-Antiviral medications used to prevent progression of the disease, particularly cirrhosis of the liver -In severe cases: liver transplant |
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How long after having sex do symptoms of Herpes show up? |
Symptoms show up 1-30 days or longer after having sex. But most people have no symptoms |
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What are some symptoms of herpes? |
-Small, painful blister on the sex organs or mouth -Itching or burning before the blisters appear -Blisters last 1-3 weeks -Blisters go away, but you still have herpes. Blisters can come back. |
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How do you get Herpes? |
Spread during vaginal, anal or oral sex, and sometimes by genital touching, with someone who has herpes. |
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What happens if you don't get treated for herpes? |
-You can give herpes to your sex partner(s) -Herpes cannot be cured, but medicine can help control it. -A mother with herpes can give it to her baby during childbirth |
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What are the treatment options for herpes? |
Antiviral medications can reduce the duration and frequency of herpes outbreaks
Complementary treatments: -soak affected area in warm water with Epsom salts -wear loose, breathable clothing -over the counter pain medictions and topical treatments |
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How long after contact with HIV with the virus show up? |
Symptoms show up several months to several years after contact with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS -But can be present for many years with no symptoms |
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What are some typical symptoms of HIV? |
-Unexplained weight loss or tiredness -Flu-like feelings that don't go away -Diarrhea -White spots in mouth -In women, yeast infections that don't go away |
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How do you get HIV? |
-Spread during vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has HIV -Spread by sharing needles to inject drugs, or for any other reason -Spread by contact with infected blood |
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What happens if you don't get treated for HIV? |
-You can give HIV to your sex partner(s) or someone you share a needle with -HIV cannot be cured, but medicine can help control it. Can cause illness and death. -A mother with HIV can give it to her baby in the womb, during birth or while breastfeeding |
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What treatments are available for HIV? |
Antiretroviral treatment: stop any weakening of the immune system and allow it to recover from any damage that HIV might have already caused -Keep the amount of HIV in the body at a low level |
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How long after contact with HPV/Genital Warts do symptoms appear? |
Weeks, months or years after contact Many people have no symptoms |
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What are some typical symptoms of HPV/ Genital Warts? |
Some types cause genital warts: -Small, bumpy warts on the sex organs and anus -Itching or burning around the sex organs -After warts go away, the virus sometimes stays in the body. The warts can come back.
Some types cause cervical cancer in women: -Cell changes on the cervix can only be detected by a Pap test from a health care provider |
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How do you get HPV/ Genital Warts? |
-Spread during vaginal, anal or oral sex, and sometimes by genital touching, with someone who has HPV |
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What happens if you don't get treated for HPV/ Genital Warts? |
-You can give HPV to your sex partner(s) -Most HPV goes away on its own in about 2 years -Warts may go away on their own, remain unchanged, or grow and spread -A mother with warts can give them to her baby during childbirth -Some types can lead to cervical cancer if not found and treated |
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What treatments are available for HPV/Genital Warts? |
-Gel, cream or ointment (patient applied) -Doctor administered: -cryotherapy: liquid nitrogen -chemical treatment -surgical removal |
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How long after contact with syphilis do symptoms appear? |
Three to six weeks after exposure
Often no symptoms |
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What are the typical symptoms of syphilis? |
Often no visible symptoms
Primary Stage: -Painless sores -Open, wet ulcers (chancres) -Chancres can appear on the genitals, in the vagina, on the cervix, lips, mouth, breasts, or anus
Secondary Stage: -Body rashes that last 2–6 weeks — often on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet -Mild fever -Fatigue -Sore throat -Hair loss -Weight loss -Swollen glands -Headache -Muscle pains |
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How do you get syphilis? |
Through contact with syphilis sores -vaginal intercourse -anal intercourse -oral intercourse |
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What are the potential consequences of untreated syphilis? |
Late Stage: -Damage to nervous system -Damage to heart -Damage to brain -Damage to other organs -Death (1-20 years after start of infection) |
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What treatments are available for syphilis? |
Treatable with antibiotics in the early stage
Untreatable once it has progressed to the later stages |
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How long after exposure to trichomoniasis do symptoms become present? |
Often has no symptoms. But if they develop it is often 3-28 days after exposure. Most people don't know that they have it, especially men. |
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What are the typical symptoms of trichomoniasis? |
Typical symptoms for women: -frothy, often unpleasant smelling discharge -blood spotting in the discharge -itching in and around the vagina -swelling in the grain -urge to urinate frequently
Typical symptoms or men: -NO SYMPTOMS -discharge from the urethra -urge to urinate frequently |
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How do you get trichomoniasis? |
Contracted via fluids -vaginal intercourse -sharing sex toys -sometimes mutual masturbation |
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What are the potential consequences of leaving trichomoniasis untreated? |
-Closely tied to co-infection with HIV, which may lead to AIDS -Inflammation of the vagina, urethra and cervix ---pelvic inflammatory disease -premature labor --> low birth weight babies |
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What is the relationship between trichomoniasis and trichomonas? |
Trichomoniasis is the condition that results from infection from the protozoan parasite Trichomonas |
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What types of treatments are available for trichomonaisis? |
Prescription medication -All sexual partners should be treated as well |
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How long after contact with pubic lice does a person experience symptoms? |
-People usually have it for 5 days before experiencing symptoms
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What are the typical symptoms of public lice? |
-Some people never get symptoms -intense itching in the genitals or anus -mild fever -feeling run-down -irritability -presence of small lice or egg sacs |
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How do you get pubic lice? |
-Easily spread during sex -Sometimes spread through contact with infected bedding, clothing -Rarely through contact with upholstered furniture and toilet seats |
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What are the consequences of untreated pubic lice? |
-Rarely causes significant health problems, but itching will continue to worsen with time |
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What are the available treatments for pubic lice? |
Several common brands of over-the-counter medicine: may need to apply head-to-toe more than once -Stronger prescription medicines also available -Shaving, hot baths and home remedies do not work -Bedding/towels/clothing throughly washed and home vacuumed -Everyone who may have been exposed should be treated at the same time |
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What are pubic lice? |
Pubic lice are tiny insects that attach themselves to the skin or hair in the pubic area. They are also called crabs. |
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What are scabies? |
-Skin condition caused by the scabies mite -Mites burrow under the skin -So small they can hardly be seen by the naked eye -Usually sexually transmitted -Children often pass it to one another and to adults through everyday contact |
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How long after contact with scabies does someone typically experience symptoms? |
-3 to 4 weeks for symptoms from scabies to develop |
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What are the typical symptoms of scabies? |
-intense itching, usually at night -small bumps or rashes -appear in dirty looking, small curling lines, especially around the penis, fingers, butt, breasts, wrists, thighs and around the belly button |
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How do you get scabies? |
-Easily spread, often through sexual contact but not always -Contact with bedding and clothing |
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What are the potential consequences of untreated scabies? |
-Intense itching that may last for years |
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What treatments are available for scabies? |
-Prescription medication -Less toxic treatment if infection is not so severe -Medicine applied neck to toe more than once -Wash bedding, towels, clothing. Vacuum entire house. -Everyone exposed should be treated at the same time. |
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How does oral herpes differ from genital herpes? |
HSV-1 typically affects the mouth area (cold sores) HSV-2 and HSV-1 affect the genitals, pubic area, buttocks, back of thigh or inner thigh. Herpes can also occur on other parts of the body, although this is less common.
HSV-1 affects the genitals through oral to genital sexual contact |
