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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) |
Gonococcus infects mucosal surfaces and causes urethritis and infertility in men and endocervitis and complications in women. It's also an important cause of ophthalamic disease in the newborn and amplifies HIV infection. Metabolically active and can change antigens easily in response to the environment. Treatment is ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin. |
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Chlamydia trachomatis |
Exist as obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells, alternating between inert extracellular body and an intracellular reproductive particle (reticulate body). Cell surface receptors of a phagosome recognise the extracellular body and endocytose it providing a perfect replication environment. |
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Symptoms of chlamydia |
Trachoma, inclusive conjunctivitis, lympho granuloma velera (LGV), urethritis, in males epididymitis and proctitis and in females pelvic inflammatory disease and cervicitis. Serotypes causes oculogenital disease. Type L causes LGV, cervicitis and proctitis. Types A,B and C cause ocular trachoma. |
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Pelvic inflammatory disease |
It occurs in 15% of women with uncomplicated cervicitis (chlamydia/gonorrhoea). Presents with pelvic and abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge and cervical tenderness. It causes infertility and ectopic pregnancy. |
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Treponema pallidum (syphilis) |
A spiral bacteria 5-15um in length. Obligate human parasite with limited reproductive ability in vitro. Predominantly sexually transmitted but vertical transmission also occurs. Primary syphilis is acquired (<2 years) or late (>2 years). |
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Symptoms of syphilis |
Primary syphilis is characterised by ulcer and regional lymphadenopathy. Incubation is 9-90days. Secondary syphilis is multisystem involvement: skin lesions, anterior uveitis, meningitis, cranial nerve palsies and glomerulonephritis. 30% of untreated individuals will develop latent syphilis; neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis and gummatous syphilis. |
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HIV |
Present in genital secretions, transmission is more likely with genital ulcers, STDs or high viral loads. 2/3 of infected people live in Africa. Causes lowering of CD4 count which once very low causes opportunistic infections. Normal range is 600-1000. |
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HIV symptoms |
A focal central nervous system lesion can be non-infectious (tumour, lymphoma, infarct) or due to infection. Cancers are associated with HIV and with improved survival there is more malignancy. Kaposi's sarcoma, non-hodgkins lymphoma and hodgkins lymphoma are significantly more common in HIV patients. |
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Anti-retroviral therapy |
AZT monotherapy reduces HIV viral load by about 1 log, however resistance develops and long-term outlook is unchanged. AZT and 3TC (lamivudine) together reduce viral load by about 2 log. A minimum of 3 drugs are needed for prolonged benefit and resistance may not develop for 2-5 years. Use of sequential combinations prolongs life by more than 10 years. |
