Sexuality - Agnes

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Dysmenorrhea

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painful menstruation - is prevalent among adolescent females.

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Sexual Development Throughout Life Infancy Birth to 18 months

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Given gender assignment of male or female. Differentiates self from others gradually. External genitals are sensitive to touch. Male infants have penile erections; females, vaginal lubrication.

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Sexual Development Throughout Life Toddler 1– 3 years

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Continues to develop gender identity. Able to identify own gender.

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Sexual Development Throughout Life Preschooler 4– 5 years

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Becomes increasingly aware of self.
Explores own and playmates’ body parts.
Learns correct names for body parts.
Learns to control feelings and behavior.
Focuses love on parent of the other sex.

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Sexual Development Throughout Life School Age 6– 12 years

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Has strong identification with parent of same gender.
Tends to have friends of the same gender.
Has increasing awareness of self. Increased modesty, desire for privacy.
Continues self- stimulating behavior.
Learns the role and concepts of own gender as part of the total self- concept.
At about 8 or 9 years becomes concerned about specific sex behaviors and often approaches parents with explicit concerns about sexuality and reproduction.

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Sexual Development Throughout Life Adolescence 12– 18 years

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Primary and secondary sex characteristics develop.
Menarche usually takes place. Develops relationships with interested partners. Masturbation is common.
May participate in sexual activity. May experiment with homosexual relationships.
Are at risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.

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Sexual Development Throughout Life Young Adulthood 18– 40 years

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Sexual activity is common. Establishes own lifestyle and values. Homosexual identity usually established by mid- 20s. Many couples share financial obligations and household tasks.

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Sexual Development Throughout Life Middle Adulthood 40– 65 years

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Men and women experience decreased hormone production.
The menopause occurs in women, usually anywhere between 40 and 55 years.
The climacteric occurs gradually in men. The quality rather than the number of sexual experiences becomes important.
Individuals establish independent moral and ethical standards.

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Late Adulthood 65 years and over

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Interest in sexual activity often continues.
Sexual activity may be less frequent.
Women’s vaginal secretions diminish, and breasts atrophy.
Men produce fewer sperm and need more time to achieve an erection and to ejaculate.

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sexual self- concept

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how one values oneself as a sexual being)

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Body image

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a central part of the sense of self, is constantly changing. Pregnancy, aging, trauma, disease, and therapies can alter an individual’s appearance and function, which can affect body image.

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Gender identity is

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one’s self- image as a female or male. More than just the biologic component, it also includes social and cultural norms. Gender identity is the result of a long series of developmental events that may or may not conform to one’s apparent biologic sex. Once gender identity is established, it cannot be easily changed.

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Gender- role behavior is

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the outward expression of a person’s sense of maleness or femaleness as well as the expression of what is perceived as gender- appropriate behavior.

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Androgyny, or flexibility in gender roles, is

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the belief that most characteristics and behaviors are human qualities that should not be limited to one specific gender or the other.

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intersex

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condition in which there are contradictions among chromosomal sex, go-nadal sex, internal organs, and external genital appearance. The gender of such an infant is ambiguous.

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dysphoria

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gender identity disorder, Transgenderism. strong and persistent feelings of discomfort with one’s assigned gender

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Cross- dressing

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( dressing in the clothing of the other sex) makes one’s outward appearance consistent with their inner identity and gender role and increases their comfort with them-selves. Cross- dressers are typically males who cross- dress to express the feminine side of their personality.

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Factors influencing sexuality

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-family
- culture
- religion
- personal expectations and ethics

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sexual response cycle

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- desire phase
- excitement phase
- orgasmic phase
- resolution phase

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The excitement phase involves two primary physiological changes

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Vasocongestion is an increase in the blood flow to various body parts resulting in erection of the pe-nis and clitoris and swelling of the labia, testes, and breasts.

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Vasocongestion

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stimulates sensory receptors within these body parts that in turn transmit messages to the conscious brain where they are usually interpreted as pleasurable sensations.

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hypoactive sexual desire disorder

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report a deficiency in or absence of sexual fantasies and persistently low interest or a total lack of interest in sexual activity; these clients suffer from

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The excitement phase involves two primary physiological changes

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Vasocongestion is an increase in the blood flow to various body parts resulting in erection of the pe-nis and clitoris and swelling of the labia, testes, and breasts.

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Sexual aversion disorder

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is a severe distaste for sexual activity or the thought of sexual activity, which then leads to a phobic avoidance of sex.

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Vasocongestion

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stimulates sensory receptors within these body parts that in turn transmit messages to the conscious brain where they are usually interpreted as pleasurable sensations.

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female sexual arousal disorder

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the lack of vaginal lubrication causes discom-fort or pain during sexual intercourse

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hypoactive sexual desire disorder

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report a deficiency in or absence of sexual fantasies and persistently low interest or a total lack of interest in sexual activity; these clients suffer from

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male erectile disorder

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man has erection problems during 25% or more of his sexual interactions. Some men cannot attain a full erection, and others lose their erection prior to orgasm.

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Sexual aversion disorder

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is a severe distaste for sexual activity or the thought of sexual activity, which then leads to a phobic avoidance of sex.

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female orgasmic disorder,

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which simply means that the sexual response stops before orgasm occurs.

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female sexual arousal disorder

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the lack of vaginal lubrication causes discom-fort or pain during sexual intercourse

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male orgasmic disorder

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can maintain an erection for long periods ( an hour or more) but have extreme difficulty ejaculating, referred to as retarded ejaculation.

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male erectile disorder

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man has erection problems during 25% or more of his sexual interactions. Some men cannot attain a full erection, and others lose their erection prior to orgasm.

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dyspareunia

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- Both women and men can experience it
- pain dur-ing or immediately after intercourse.
- It is associated with many physiological causes, especially those that inhibit lubrication

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female orgasmic disorder,

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which simply means that the sexual response stops before orgasm occurs.

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Vaginismus

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is the involuntary spasm of the outer one- third of the vaginal muscles, making penetration of the vagina painful and sometimes impossible.

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male orgasmic disorder

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can maintain an erection for long periods ( an hour or more) but have extreme difficulty ejaculating, referred to as retarded ejaculation.

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dyspareunia

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- Both women and men can experience it
- pain dur-ing or immediately after intercourse.
- It is associated with many physiological causes, especially those that inhibit lubrication

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Vaginismus

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is the involuntary spasm of the outer one- third of the vaginal muscles, making penetration of the vagina painful and sometimes impossible.

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Vulvodynia

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is constant, unremitting burning that is local-ized to the vulva with an acute onset. The girl or woman has problems in sitting, standing, and sleeping related to the inten-sity of pain.

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Vestibulitis causes

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severe pain only on touch or attempted vaginal entry. Half of the women with vestibulitis report lifelong dyspareunia.