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266 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many americans will get an STI in their lifetime
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1 in 2
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Sexual behavior doesn't cause STI's, it is merely the mode of transmission for ___, ____ and ___?
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Bacteria, Viruses and Parasites
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The three most common STIs cause by bacteria are ___, ___ and ____?
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Gonorrhea, Chlamydia and Syphilis
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Most women and many men show no symptoms in the early stages of ___ and ____?
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Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
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Gonorrhea and Chlamydia can invade the upper reproductive tract and cause prostatitis and epididymitits in men and _____ women
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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____ passes through several stages, without treatment it can cause organ damage and death.
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Syphilis
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STIs that cause organ damage and death can be cured with ___.
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Antibiotics
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Sexually transmitted infections caused by viruses are generally incurable because they live inside the human cells. Herpes has been around since biblical times and is cause by ____ to ____ contact.
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hand hand
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After the primary attack, many herpes suffers experience ____ attacks when the virus replicates and sheds.
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Recurrent
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____ is most easily transmitted during active attacks, but can be transmitted at other times.
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Herpes
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Hepatitis is an inflammation of the ____.
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Liver
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Hepatitis A is caused by contact with contaminated ____.
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Feces
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Hepatitis B is results from contact from infected ____.
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Blood or other bodily fluids
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Five million Americans are infected with ______.
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Hepatitis C
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Genital and anal warts are caused by a few types of the _____ virus.
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Human papillloma
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AIDS is caused by the _____.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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Physicians can attempt to remove the warts or abnormal cervical cells caused by _____, but but they cannot attack the virus directly, which is why it reappears.
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Human papillloma
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HIV invades and destroys the ____ cells.
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CD4+
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CD4+ cells are white blood cells that are a critical part of the body's ____ system.
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immune
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People with AIDS eventually die from a variety of ____ infections.
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Opportunistic
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Without meds people who have HIV and AIDS will die within how many years?
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10
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HIV originated in Africa from _____ immunodeficiency viruses.
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simian
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AIDS is transmitted by ____ and exposure to infected ____ .
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Intimate sexual activity and blood
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AIDS is not spread by _____.
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Casual contact
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How many HIV cases are expected around the world by 2020?
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120 million
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Worldwide most AIDS cases are spread by sexual activity between _____.
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Men and Women, not homos
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Pubic lice and scabies are not really infections, but ____.
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Infestations of parasites
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_____ attach themselves to pubic hair and feed on blood.
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Pubic lice
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______ is caused by a mite that burros under the skin to lay its eggs.
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Scabies
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Vaginitis is a general term that refers to any inflammation of the vagina, there are three types _____, ____ and _____.
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Trichomoniasis, Moniliala and Bacterial Vaginosis
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_____ is caused by a one-celled protozoan that is transmitted during sexual intercourse, is considered an STI.
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Trichomoniasis
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____ vaginitis is a fungus or yeast infection that is very common in women.
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Moniliala
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_____ is the most common type of vaginitis and is caused by the interaction of several vaginal bacteria.
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Bacterial Vaginosis
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You can lower you chances of getting an STI by doing two things.
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Using condoms and abstinence
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People who have had an STI in the past are immune to getting that type again.
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False
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Cold sores and fever blisters are symptoms of herpes.
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True
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Homosexuality is a cause of AIDS.
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False
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If left untreated gonorrhea can turn into syphilis.
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False
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Yeast infections (monilial vaginitis) can usually be prevented by using feminine hygiene products.
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False
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A person with a cold sore on their mouth can give their partner genital herpes during oral sex.
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True
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Gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis are often contracted by using toilet seats
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False
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Chlamydia is more common than gonorrhea
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True
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It is possible to contract HIV by hugging, touching or being close to an infected person.
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False
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The large majority of women do not show any symptoms in the early stages of gonorrhea or chlamydia
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True
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Herpes can sometimes be cured by antibiotics.
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False
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A person can have only 1 STI at a time.
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False
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HIV, the virus that causes AIDS is sometimes spread by mosquitoes.
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False
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Pelvic inflammatory disease can be caused by infections that were not contracted during sex.
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True
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Condoms are generally ineffective against HIV
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False
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The eggs of pubic lice can survive for days on towels or sheets.
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True
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A person who has no symptoms doesn't have to worry about having gonorrhea or chlamydia.
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False
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Only women can contract trichomoniasis and monilial infections.
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False
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Herpes can be cured with a drug called acyclovir.
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False
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The human papillomaviruses that cause cancer are the same that cause warts.
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False
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Regular douching decreases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.
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False
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Recurrent herpes attacks are generally more painful, and last longer than the primary attack.
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False
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Herpes is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the US.
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True
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Hepatitis A is most often spread my nonsexual means
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True
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Worldwide most cases of HIV are contracted by heterosexual sex.
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True
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Generally speaking, people who got AIDS this year are those who were infected with HIV 5 to 15 years ago.
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True
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To minimize their chance of vaginal infection, women should wear panties made of synthetic material.
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False
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People who get HIV are extremely contagious in the first 60 days after exposure.
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True
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HIV/AIDS can be considered cured when drug therapy reduces HIV to non detectable levels.
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False
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Painful, craterlike sores
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Chancroid
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Itchless, painless rash all over the body.
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Secondary-stage syphilis
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Puslike discharge and/or burning during urination.
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Gonorrhea
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Intense itching caused by grayish six legged parasites.
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Pubic lice
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Thick, white, cheesy vaginal discharge and intense itching
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Moniliasis (yeast infection)
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Loss of appetite, fatigue, slow recovery from clods and flus, continual yeast infections, purple blotches on skin, pneumonia.
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HIV infection, AIDS
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Cauliflower like growths
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Venereal Warts (HPV)
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Severe abdominal pain and fever
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PID
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Scaling skin caused by pearly mites
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Scabies
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Large, ulcerlike, painless sore
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Primary stage syphilis
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Fluid filled blisters
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Herpes
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Copious, foamy, yellow-greenish vaginal discharge and odor
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Trichomniasis
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wartlike growths that look like small pimples filled with kernels or corn
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Molluscum contagiosum
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Thin, clear discharge and irritation of the urethra
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Chlamydia
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Jaundiced or yellow tinge of the skin and eyes.
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Hepatitis
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Large ulcers on the skin and bones, damage to the heart and nervous system
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Late-stage Syphilis
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Inflammation of the bladder
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Cystitis
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Trichomoniasis, pubic lice and scabies are all caused by _____.
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Parasites
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Inflammation of the vagina is called ____.
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vaginitis
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In women untreated gonorrhea or chlamydia can lead to ____
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Pelvic inflammatory disease
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A woman who has had a ____ is at a high risk of getting cervical cancer.
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Human papillomavirus infection
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What is the sexually transmitted infection that impairs the immune system?
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
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Trichomoniasis, moniliasis and bacterial vaginosis are all ____
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Types of vaginitis
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A viral liver function that can be sexually transmitted is _____
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Hepatitis
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Two serious possible consequences of PID are ____ and ____
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ectopic pregnancy and infertility
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What are the three STIs that can be transmitted from an infected female and fetus?
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Syphilis, HIV and Hepatitis
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What is the most common thing that brings on recurrent herpes attacks
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Stress
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The bacteria that cause gonorrhea and chlamydia live on _____.
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Mucous membranes
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Any inflammation of the urethra not caused by the gonococcus?
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Nongonococcal urethritis
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Antibiotics commonly lead to ____ infections.
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Yeast
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What live in the large intestine and can be transmitted during sex, but are generally acquired by children through nonsexual means?
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Pinworms
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Many people diagnosed with gonorrhea are also found to have ____
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Chlamydia
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HIV attacks immune system cells called ____
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CD4+ cells
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People with HIV are most contagious when ____
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during the first 60 days and during the late stages
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The most common AIDS test tests for what?
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HIV antibodies
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Which infections do women usually not have visible symptoms in the initial stage?
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gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HPV infection, HIV infection
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For which infections to men usually not show symptoms in the initial stage?
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HPV infection, HIV infection and trichomoniasis
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What are the best ways to avoid STIs?
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To use condoms or to abstain from sex
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What is the most common STI in the US?
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trichomoniasis
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What is the most common STI cause by a bacterium or virus?
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HPV infection
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The US's teen pregnancy rate is how many times as high as other developing countries?
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Over twice
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What percent of teen pregnancies are terminated by abortion?
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Half
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What is the best way to avoid unintended pregnancy?
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abstaining from sex
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Methods of birth control that require fertility awareness are called the ____, ____ and ____ methods.
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Calendar, basal body temperature and Billings method
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Fertility awareness methods rely on calculating when ____ will occur and abstaining from sex during that time.
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Ovulation
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What method works by by breast-feeding inhibiting pituitary hormones?
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Lactational Amenorrhea
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_____ work by killing the sperm.
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Spermicides
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What are some examples of the barrier method?
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Diaphragm, cervical cap, condoms and the contraceptive sponge
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Barrier methods work by blocking sperm from getting into the ____.
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uterus or vagina
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What is the major advantage of a barrier method?
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Offer some protection from STDs
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The combination birth control pill contains ____ and ____ and works by preventing ovulation.
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Estrogen and progesterone
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____ and ___ contain the same hormones as the combination pill but do not require an everyday dose.
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Patch and NuvaRing
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What is a shot that is good for three months, only contains progestin and is believed to be safer than the pill?
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Depo-Provera
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What is a single rod implant that is good for 3 years, only contains progestin and is believed to be safer than the pill?
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Implanon
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For women who have had unprotected sex, emergency contraception is effective if taken within how many hours?
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72
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What is cut and tied off in a vasectomy?
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Vas deferens
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What is it called when a woman's fallopian tubes are cut or blocked?
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Tubal ligation or laparoscopy
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The contraceptive sponge is effective for 24 hours.
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True
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Sweden and Denmark have substantially lower teen pregnancy rates than the US.
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True
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The world population is expected to stabilize by the year 2010 because of the use of Birth Control.
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False
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The us fertility is currently at 2.1 births per woman
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True
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If the perfect us pregnancy rate for a contraceptive method is 20%, then for every 100 couples who start using the method, about 20 of them will have conceived after 3 years.
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False
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In order for a woman to get pregnant she must have an orgasm.
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False
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More couples rely on sterilization than they do on the birth control pill.
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True
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it is possible for a girl to get pregnant as soon as she starts having menstruation
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True
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A relatively effective form of birth control is to wash the vagina after sex
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False
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The birth control pill reduces the risk of getting and STI.
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False
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A vasectomy works as a birth control pill by preventing ejaculation
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False
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If carefully washed and dried male condoms can be used more than once
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False
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Most women gain weight when they start taking birth control
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False
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The contraceptive sponge is more effective than the diaphragm
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False
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Taking antibiotics makes birth control less effective
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True
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Legal abortions do not increase a woman's later risk of infertility, miscarriage or low birth weight babies
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True
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Today's IUDs are effective and considered safe products
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True
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The difference between a cervical cap and a diaphragm is that a cervical cap doesn't need to be used with a spermicide
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False
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Emergency contraceptive techniques work by causing abortion
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False
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Breast feeding a baby inhibits the release of follicle stimulating hormone from a woman's pituitary gland
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True
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The patch and vaginal ring are just as effective as the combination birth control pill
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True
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Pregnancy and childbirth result in more maternal deaths than does the use of birth control
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True
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In the future, it will probably be possible to be vaccinated to prevent pregnancy
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True
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Rubber condoms are more eefective than skin condoms for the preventions of STIs
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True
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The female condom is actually an intravaginal pouch
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True
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In high dosages, combination birth control pills can be used as emergency birth control
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True
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Most women who are over the age of 40 and do not smoke can continue to take the combination birth control pill
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True
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The diaphragm offers women some protection against gonorrhea and chlamydia
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True
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Prevents the release of FSH
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Breast feeding
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Uses a simple mathematical formula to determine when to abstain from intercourse
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Calender method
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Uses changes in resting temperature to determine when to abstain from intercourse
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Basal body temperature
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Involves noting changes in cervical mucus in order to determine when to abstain
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Billings method
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Active ingredient kills sperm, prevents sperm deposited in the vagina from getting into the uterus
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spermicides
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Blocks the sperm from getting into the vagina
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male condom
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Blocks the sperm from getting into the vagina
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female condom
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prevents sperm deposited in the vagina from getting into the uterus
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Diaphragm
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prevents sperm deposited in the vagina from getting into the uterus
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Cervical Cap
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Active ingredient kills sperm, prevents sperm deposited in the vagina from getting into the uterus, contains enough spermicide to be effective for 24 hours
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Contraceptive Sponge
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Prevents implantation
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Emergency contraception
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|
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Prevents the release of FSH
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The patch
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Prevents sperm deposited in the vagina from getting into the uterus
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Lea's sheild
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Once believed to work by preventing implantation, but now known also to work by preventing fertilization, prevents implantation
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IUD
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Prevents the release of FSH, progestins prevent ovulation, synthetic extrogen helps prevent ovulation
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Combination Pill
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|
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Progestins prevents ovulation
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Depo-Provera
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|
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Involves tying or cutting off vas deferens
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Vasectomy
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Involves tying cutting or cauterizing the fallopian tubes or blocking them with clips
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Tubal Ligation
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Involves tying cutting or cauterizing the fallopian tubes or blocking them with clips
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Laparoscopy
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Prevents the release of FSH, progestins prevent ovulation, synthetic extrogen helps prevent ovulation
|
Vaginal Ring
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|
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Progestins prevent ovulation
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Implanon
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Why is withdrawal not a highly effective method of birth control?
|
Because of secretions from the Cowper's glands
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A man is not sterile after a vasectomy until ___.
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He has had 12-16 ejaculations
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If a woman's shortest cycle is 25 days and her longest is 31 days what days should she abstain?
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7, 20
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Women's basal body temperature ____ 24 to 72 hours after ovulation.
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rises slightly
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What happens to a woman's cervical mucus at the time of ovulation?
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Clear and slippery
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Rubber condoms should not be used in combination with what kind of lubiricants?
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oil-based
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The IUD is a safe contraceptive for what type of women?
|
Those who are not at high risk for getting STIs
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|
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What are three nonprescription barrier types of contraception?
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Male condom, female condom, contraceptive sponge, Lea's sheild
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|
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What are three birth control techniques that offer women some protection from STIs?
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Male condom, female condom and the diaphragm
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In cases of unprotected sex, pregnancy may be avoided within the first few days by using ____.
|
Emergency contraception
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How long can a sperm live in a fallopian tube?
|
5 days
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What is the best way to avoid and unwanted pregnancy
|
to abstain from intercourse
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Sexual intercourse can result in conception on only about 6 days of the menstrual cycle from ___ days before ___ to about ____ days afterward
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5, ovulation and 1
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Where does fertilization usually occur?
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In the fallopian tube
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Where does implantation normally occur?
|
In the endometrium of the uterus
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Implantation of a fertilized egg in any other location of the uterus is called ____.
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Ectopic
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What is the most common cause of ectopic pregnancy?
|
Scaring of the fallopian tubes due to gonorrhea or chlamydia
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What hormone, secreted by the developing placenta into a woman's blood and urine causes a pregnancy test to be positive.
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
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What are the three month intervals that pregnancy is divided into?
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Trimesters
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After implantation, the conceptus is called an ____ for the first 2 months.
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embryo
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The conceptus is called a ____ for the last 7 months.
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fetus
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What are substances that can cross the placental barrier and harm and unborn baby?
|
Teratogens
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When a mother first feels her baby moving?
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quickening
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During what month does quickening occur?
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4th or 5th
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A way to test for fetal abnormalities?
|
Amniocentesis
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What do prepared childbirth courses attempt to break through education and preparation.
|
Fear-tension-pain
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Name for the nurse people use when they do in home deliveries
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Midwife
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True labor is distinguished from false labor by the timing and length of _____
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Contractions
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True labor is distinguished from false labor by the _____ of the cervix
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Dilation
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What is the initial stage of labor? It usually last for 6-13 hours
|
Start-up
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What breaks just prior to or during the start-up stage?
|
Amniotic sac
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The last part of the first stage of labor is called _____, it marks the beginning of the birth process.
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Transition Phase
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What happens to the cervix in the second stage of labor?
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The cervix is fully dilated
|
|
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How does the baby enter the world?
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Head first
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What is cut after the baby enters the world?
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The umbilical cord
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In the third stage of labor what detaches from the uterus and leaves the woman's body?
|
Placenta
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|
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What is it called when a baby is delivered through a mothers abdomen?
|
Cesarean or c section
|
|
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What does a mother's breast milk contain?
|
Infection fighting proteins
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|
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After child birth many women experience negative emotions called ___
|
Postpartum Blues or Depression.
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|
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How many weeks after delivery should a mother go without intercourse?
|
4 to 6 weeks
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After the transition to parenthood, happiness within a relationship is related to ___.
|
The sharing of childcare and household duties.
|
|
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How many couples are infertile or impaired fecundity in the US?
|
1 in 10
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|
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What percent of infertile cases deal with men?
|
40
|
|
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What percent of infertile cases deal with women?
|
40
|
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What percent of infertile cases deal with problems in both partners?
|
20
|
|
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What causes infertility in men?
|
Blockage of the duct system or a low sperm count
|
|
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What procedure is used to get a woman pregnant if the male has a low sperm count?
|
Artificial insemination
|
|
|
What causes infertility in women?
|
Blocked fallopian tubes or failure to ovulate
|
|
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What is it called when an egg is fertilized outside of a woman's body and then placed into her uterus?
|
In vitro fertilization
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What is it called when an egg is fertilized outside of a woman's body and then placed into her fallopian tube?
|
Zygote intrafallopian transfer
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|
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What is it called when sperm and egg are placed in the fallopian tube?
|
Gamete intrafallopian transfer
|
|
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At implantation, the one celled organism is called a fetus.
|
False
|
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About 75% of all conceptions either fail to implant or are spontaneously aborted within the first 6 weeks.
|
True
|
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Morning sickness is most common during the last trimester of pregnancy
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False
|
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An expecting mother cannot feel their baby moving inside of them until the second trimester
|
True
|
|
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Sex during the 7th and 8th month of pregnancy is often harmful to the mother and fetus.
|
False
|
|
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Drugs can adversely affect the fetus, but smoking has little effect.
|
False
|
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If a woman is Rh positive and the fetus is Rh negative the condition is called Rh incompatibility.
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False
|
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One beer or glass of wine a day is thought to be acceptable when a woman is pregnant.
|
False
|
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One of the most common causes of scarring of the Fallopian tubes is untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia
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True
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Prepared childbirth means having a baby with out using anesthetics
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False
|
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A baby is born during the third stage of labor.
|
False
|
|
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If a woman has an ectopic pregnancy, there is an increases risk that her future pregnancies will also be ectopic
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True
|
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Women who deliver babies by cesarean section usually can deliver vaginally in subsequent pregnancies.
|
True
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Natural filters protect the baby from alcohol, drugs and pollutants during breast feeding
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False
|
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The expression "test tube babies" refers to the process of conception and embryonic development occur outside the mother's body
|
False
|
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Artificial insemination refers to the fertilization of an egg by synthetically manufactured sperm
|
False
|
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Morning sickness can be treated with hormones
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False
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True labor is marked by the onset of Braxton-Hicks contractions
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False
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Maria and John cannot conceive. Eggs taken from Maria are fertilized by sperm from John and the fertilised eggs are placed into one of Maria's Fallopian tubes. What should you do?
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Artificial insemination
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Phyllis is not yet fully dilated and her baby is in distress. What should you do?
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Cesarean section
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Joan and Tom are worried that their unborn baby may have an abnormality. What should you do?
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Chorionic villus sampling
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Sherry and John cannot conceive because she is not having regular menstrual cycles. What should you do?
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Fertility Drugs
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Linda and Walter's unborn baby has a life threatening urinary tract infection. What should you do?
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Fetal surgery
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Betty and Sam cannot conceive. Eggs taken from Betty and sperm taken from Sam are placed directly into one of her Fallopian tubes.
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Gamete intrafallopian transfer
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Shelly and Mark cannot conceive. Eggs taken from Shelly are fertilized by sperm from Mark then placed into Shelly's uterus.
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In vitro fertilization
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Susan has a tubal (ectopic) pregnancy. What should you do?
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Laparoscopic surgery
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Diane cannot carry a fetus during pregnancy, but she and Frank want to have a child that is biologically theirs. What should they do?
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Surrogate mother
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Maria and John cannot conceive. Eggs taken from Maria are fetilized by sperm from John and the fertilized eggs are placed into one of Maria's Fallopian tubes. What is this called
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Zygote intrafallopian transfer
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Carol and David cannot conceive because he has a low sperm count. What should they do?
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
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What are the stages of an egg?
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Zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryo fetus
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What is the major link between a developing baby and the mother?
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umbilical cord
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A pregnant mother who has gained excessive weight, has high blood pressure and swollen joints may have ____
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Preeclampsia
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What is it called before birth when the fetus's head drops below the uterus?
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Lightening
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What are three ways to determine if labor has begun?
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Contractions are 10 minutes apart on a regular basis, contractions are 30 seconds long on a regular basis, the cervix is dilated to at least 2 to 3 cm and the cervix is at least 70% effaced
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The ___ trimester is when the fetus is most susceptible to harmful substances.
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First
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The vast majority of ectopic pregnancies are a woman's ____ pregnancy.
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Tubal
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The institute of medicine says that normal weight women should gain how many pounds during pregnancy?
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25 to 35
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By the time a fertilized egg has reached the uterus, it is a fluid filled sphere called a _____.
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Blastocyst
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What part of the baby normally comes into the birth canal first?
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The head
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An egg remains ripe for how long after ovulation?
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24 hours
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What is the thick skinned sac that protects the fetus?
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Amnion
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What are the three procedures used by physicians during labor and childbirth that experts feel are done too routinely?
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Episiotomies, prepping and cesarean sections
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How many weeks must a baby develop in the uterus if it wants to have a chance at survival?
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23 - 24 weeks
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How long should babies be breast feed?
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6 months
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To ensure the chances of a healthy baby how long should a woman wait until she can get pregnant again.
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18-23 months
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What is a major cause of infertility in women?
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Failure to ovulate
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