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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sex-
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biological, primary and secondary sex characteristics
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Gender-
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social characteristics, masculine vs. feminine
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Culture-
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socialization, learned, gender discrimination
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Biology-
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socialization reflects inborn tendencies, patriarchies vs. matriarchies
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Culture
Biology |
What are the gender differences in behavior?
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Sociological viewpoints of differences in behavior
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social factors cause gender differences in behavior; physical differences lead to separation of groups
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Gender inequality
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Men- active/strong; Women- passive/weak
Masculine stereotype- instrumental Feminine stereotype- expressive |
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Gender stratification
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Different access to privileges
Unequal access to power/prestige Society controls members Gender inequality Study of married couples |
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sexism
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Prejudice based on a person’s sexual category
Women as a minority group Based on gender Ascribed status Socialization- dependence Work roles/household roles Non- Caucasian females Suffrage movement Right to vote, 19th amendment WWII – shortage of workers Women left the home Continued gender inequality Coronary bypass surgery- women vs. men |
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Rise of feminism
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belief that women should be politically, economically, and socially equal to men
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Origin of women as a minority group
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Origin of women as a minority group
Patriarchy vs. matriarchy Social consequences of biology Hunting and gathering societies Struggle for equal rights Second class citizens Husband and wife one person- him Rise of feminism: belief that women should be politically, economically, and socially equal to men |
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sex typing
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the assoc. of behaviors w/ one sex or the other
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Male vs. female activities
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Varies by culture
Prestige given to male activities |
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Gender and Education
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2/3 of illiterate adults are women
Gap between men and women (closing) Professional degrees Gender tracking- |
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Politics
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unequal access to national decision making
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Gender inequality in sports
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Title IX
WNBA, WPFL Media coverage lacking |
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Gender inequality in everyday life
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General devaluation of femininity in U.S.
Femininity= lack of accomplishment Inequality in conversation |
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Gender inequality in the workplace
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The Pay Gap- women average less than men in every nation
U.S.- women earn about 65% of what men earn (it’s actually gone down!) All levels of education Due to job choice and discrimination Occupational segregation |
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The Pay Gap-
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women average less than men in every nation
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The glass ceiling
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barrier that keeps people from rising past a certain point
Women in support positions Crack glass ceiling |
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The Glass Escalator
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men in traditionally female occupations accelerated into higher level positions, paid more
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Violence against women
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China, Europe, India
Female infanticide Female circumcision- Africa, Malaysia Gender inequality of violence Forcible rape vs. date rape Murder Violence in the home- spouse battering, marital rape, incest Sexual harassment- abuse of one’s position of authority to force unwanted sexual demands on someone Quid pro quo Hostile environment Blatant sex discrimination Subtle sex discrimination Covert sex discrimination |
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Sexual harrassment
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abuse of one’s position of authority to force unwanted sexual demands on someone
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Women in the criminal justice system
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Judges more lenient w/ women killers
Minority women and traditional cultures Dependence, poverty Connection between violence and masculinity must be broken |
