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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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location of all weather and ozone
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ozone - stratosphere
weather - troposphere |
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cloud names (prefix - height, suffix shape)
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cirro - high
alto - med strato - low cumus - puffy nimbus - has water in it stratus - flat |
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pressure systems - high vs low P
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high pressure: CCW, air pushed up to form clouds and precipitation
low pressure: CW, air pushed down, clear skies all wind is due to pressure changes |
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Fronts
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marks boundary between 2 air masses - front name comes from the temperature of air behind
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thunderstorm requirements
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go through all 3 stages in 1 hour: cumulus, mature, dissipative
unstable environment - steep T gradient front - rising air mechanism water vapor |
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hail
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from tall clouds in thunderstorms
fronts push droplet into freezing zone where ice layer is added until hail embryo falls |
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lightening and thunder
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in cumulonimbulus clouds of thunderstorms
due to separation of charge (due to interaction of water, hail, ice) thunder is due to expanded air (from electricity heat of lightening) that forms a shockwave |
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tornado
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in supercell thunderstorm
must touch the ground, otherwise a funnel cloud 300m wide, 50km/h, travel SW-NE |
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tornado life cycle
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<30 sec.
1. organizational stage - funnel cloud, wind shear causes rotation 2. mature - causes most damage 3. rope stage - weakens |
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wind shear
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change in wind speed/direction over a horizontal or vertical distance
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enhanced fujita scale
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measure tornadoes based on wind speed, E0-E5 (>322km/h)
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tornado alley and season
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US: Kansas, Oaklahoma (most in world)
Canada: SW Ontario (2nd most) - warm air of Gul of Mexico meets cool lake air Spring - clash of warm and cold air flat land and frequent colliding fronts |
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superoutbreak
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Ontario and Alabama
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US outbreak of 2011
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most tornadoes in world history
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Joplin Tornado
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Missouri
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Goderich Tornado
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1st EF3 in Ontario
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Moore Tornado
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Oaklahoma
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Fog
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when dew point is reached or when warm air moves over cool body of water
cloud with base at Earth's surface |
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Detroit 2003 snowstorm |
deaths due to snow shovelling, highest human death toll
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blizzards
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>40km/h, <-23 C, blowing or falling snow, <1km visibility
for 3 hours min. |
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lake effect snow
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cool air over warm water creates snowbelts downwind of lakes
no LES in Feb because lakes are frozen |
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sandstorms
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due to downdraft in leading edge of thunderstorm
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haboob
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sandstorm in middle east
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dust devils
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hot, dry areas
spinning vortex formed from hot rising air |
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ice storms
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from freezing rain and warm front in winter
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drought
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can happen anywhere, affect the most people
normal part of climate system low precipitation |
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windchill
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temperature correction factor to make air feel cooler
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humidex
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temperature correction factor when there is high humidity
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