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33 Cards in this Set
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They established different patterns of settlement, different economies, different political systems, and even different sets of values. The promise of riches drew the first settlers to the southern colonies, but to the north, it was not worldly wealth but religious devotion that principally shaped their earliest settlements |
How are people in the northern and southern colonies different |
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Martin Luther |
nailed his protest against Catholic doctrines to the door of the Wittenberg cathedral in 1517. He denounced the authority of priests and popes, declaring that the Bible alone was the source of God's word. He ignited a fire of religious reform aka the Protestant Reformation that licked its way across Europe for more than a century, dividing people's toppling sovereigns, and kindling the spiritual ferver of millions of in a woman some of whom who helped to found America |
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John Calvin of Geneva |
Religious leader who elaborated on Martin Luther's ideas, profoundly affected the thought and character of generations of Americans yet unborn. Calvinism became the dominant theological credo of New England puritans, American settlers, the Scottish presbyterians, French huguenots, and communicants of the Dutch reformed church. |
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John Calvins beliefs |
is basic drop doctrine was "institutes of the Christian religion." He argued God was all powerful and all good. Humans, because of the corrupting effect of original sin, were weak and wicked. God was also all knowing and he knew who was going to heaven and who was going to hell. Since the first moment of creation, some souls, the elect, had been destined for eternal Bliss and others for eternal torment. Good works could not save those whom predestination had marked for the infernal fires. |
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Conversion was thought to be an intense, identifiable personal experience in which God revealed to the elect their heavenly destiny. Thereafter they were expected to lead sanctified lives, demonstrating by their holy behavior that they were among the visible saints. |
But neither could the elect count on their predetermined salvation and lead lives of wild, immoral abandoned. For one thing, no one could be certain of his or her status in the heavenly ledger. Knowing doubts about their eternal fate plagued calvinists. They constantly sought, in themselves and others, signs of conversions or the receipt of God's free gift of saving Grace. Elaborate on conversions |
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Calvinism |
Swept into England just as King Henry VIII was breaking his ties with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s, making himself the head of the Church of england. Henry would have been content to retain Roman rituals and creeds, but his action powerfully stimulated some English religious reformers to undertake a total purification of English christianity. |
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The most devout Puritans believe that only visible saints should be admitted to the church membership. But the Church of England enrolled all the kids subjects, which meant that the saints had to share pews and communion rails with the damned. Appalled by this unholy fraternizing, a group of dedicated Puritans known as separatists vowed to break away from the church of england. |
Why did the separatists separate in the first place? |
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He was the head of both the state and the church in England from 1603 to 1625. He realized that if his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader, they might one day defy him as their political leader. |
Why did King James I tried to harass the more bothers him separatists out of the land? |
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During the ensuing 12 years of toil and property after running yo Holland, they were increasingly distressed by the duchification of their children. They long to find a Haven where they could live and die as English men and women, and this purified protestants. |
Why did the separatist apart for Holland in 1608? |
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The Mayflower missed its destination and arrived off the stoney coast of New England in 1620, with a total of 102 persons, one had died and one was born on the trip. |
A group of separatists in holland, after negotiating with the Virginia company, secured rights to settle under their jurisdiction. but on their crowded Mayflower, 65 days at sea, what happened then? |
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Consequently the settlers became squatters. They were without legal right to the land and without specific authority to establish a government. |
Explain the situation of the pilgrims considering the fact that plymouth, which is the area that they had landed, was outside the domain of the Virginia company? |
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No, this document was not a constitutional at all. It was a simple agreement to form a crude government into submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon. |
Was the Mayflower compact a constitution? |
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The pact was a promising step towards genuine self-government, for soon the adult male settlers were assembling to make their own laws and open discussion time readings. |
Give an example of Liberty at Plymouth |
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Only 44 out of the 102 survived. Yet when the Mayflower sealed back to England and the spring, not a single one of the courageous band of separatus left. They did not let "Small things" discourage them |
What happened because of the pilgrims first winter of 1620-1621 |
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They had bountiful harvest and with them the first Thanksgiving Day in New england. In time the frail colony found some economic legs infer, fish, and lumber. The beaver and the Bible were the early mainstays, the one for the sustenance of the body, the other for the sustenance of the soul. |
How did the Pilgrims make a comeback the next autumn, that of 1621? |
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William Bradford |
A pilgrim leader,a self-taught scholar who read hebrew, latin, french, and dutch. He was chosen Governor 30 times in the annual elections period among his major worries was his fear that independent common non-puritan settlers might corrupt his godly experiment in the wilderness. |
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True |
True or false, the colony of Plymouth was never important economically or numerically. It's population numbered only 7,000 by 1691 when, still chartless, it merged with its giant neighbor, the Massachusetts Bay colony. |
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Charles I dismissed parliament in 1629, and sanctioned the anti Puritan persecutions of the reactionary archbishop William lloyd, many Puritans saw catastrophe in the making. |
More modern Puritans thought to reform the Church of England from within. That resented by bishops and monarchs, they slowly gathered support, especially in parliament. How did Charles I react? |
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Non separatist Puritans |
Fearing for their faith and of England's future, they secured a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay company. They proposed to establish a sizable settlement in the infertile Massachusetts area, with Boston soon becoming its hub. Stealing a march on both king and the church, the newcomers brought their charter with them. For many years they use it as a kind of constitution, out of easy reach of world authority. They stood fastly denied that they wanted to separate from the church of england, only for most impurities. The back in England artificial blood snorted that the big colony Puritans were swine which rooted in God's vineheart. |
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It was a well-equipped expedition with 11 vessels carrying nearly a thousand immigrants, started the colony off on a larger scale than any of the other English settlements. |
Describe the expedition of 1630 the Massachusetts Bay |
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The Great migration of the 1630s |
About 70,000 refugees left England. Not all of them were puritans, and only about 20,000 came to Massachusetts. Many were attracted to the fertile West indies, especially the sugar rich islands of Barbados. More Puritans came to the Caribbean than to all of massachusetts. |
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John Winthrop |
A pillar of English society who became Massachusetts Bay colonys first governor. He believed that he had a calling from God to lead the new religious experiment. He served as a governor or deputy Governor for 19 years. Helped Massachusetts prosper as fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding industries blossomed. |
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The Massachusetts Bay colony |
Which colony was the biggest and the most influential of the New England outposts? |
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They benefited from a shared sense of purpose among most of the first settlers. The Puritan Bay colonists believe that they had a covenant with god, an agreement to build a holy society that would be a model for mankind |
Why were the Puritans so successful |
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True |
True or false, soon after the colonists arrival, the franchise was extended to all free men, adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregations which in time came to be called the congregational church. Unchurched men remain voteless in provincical elections, as did woman. Only 2/5 of adult males were voting, way more than in england. |
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Town governments |
Conducted much important business, we're even more inclusive than provincial voting. There all male property holders, and in some cases other residents as well, enjoyed publicly discussing local issues, often with much heat, and voting on them by majority rule show of hands. |
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False, the Governor Winthrop feared and distrusted the commons and thought the democracy was the meanest and worst of all forms of government. The Freeman annually elected the governor and his assistance, as well as a representative assembly called the general court. But only Puritans who were eligible for church membership could be freeman. And according to the doctrine of the covenant the whole purpose of the government was to enforce God's law, which applied to believers and non believers alike. More over non-believers as well as believers pay taxes for the government churches. |
True or false the provincial government was a democracy |
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They powerfully influenced admission to church membership by conducting public interrogations of persons claiming to have experienced conversion. |
Religious leaders wielded enormous influence in the Massachusetts Bible commonwealth. Why was this? |
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John Cotton |
Immigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution for his criticism of the Church of england. At the Bay colony he devoted himself to defending the government's duty to enforce religious rules. He was profoundly pos. |
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The power of the preachers was not absolute. A congregation had the right to hire and fire its Minister and to set its salary. Clergymen were also barred from holding formal political office. Puritans and England had suffered too much at the hands of a political angelican clergy to permit in the New world another unholy Union of religious and government power. |
How did the bay colonists endorse the idea of the separation of Tristan State? |
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Protestant ethic |
Involve serious commitment to work and to engagement in worldly pursuits. (The Puritans were a worldly lot, despite, or even because of, their natural spiritual intensity.) |
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Yes, like other people's other time in both America and europe, they passed laws aimed at making sure these pleasure stayed simple by repressing certain human instincts. |
The Puritans were posed and hard workers. Did they also enjoy simple pleasures like eating plentifully, drinking, and singing songs? |
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But even in this tightly knit community, talking about the big colony, detention soon. Quakers, who flooded the authority of the Puritan clergy, were persecuted the fines, flogging, and banishment. And what extreme case, for Quakers who defied expulsion, one of them a woman, or hanged on the Boston common. |
When did things start to become troublesome in the Bible commonwealth? |
