(Set 3) Ventricles

Front 1

fig 18.1 The Ventricular Network:
-consists of 1. ___ connected ventricles: 2 ___, ____, ___
-produces 3. ___
-the 4.___ floats in CSF
-serves as a reference for structure in 5.____

Back 1

1. Four
2. Lateral, Third, Fourth
3. CSF
4. brain
5. imaging

Front 2

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
1. it is ___ and ___
2. functions to regulate ___ environment
3. supplies ___, ___, ___, and ___ to ____ fluid
4. acts as a ___ ___ absorber and ___ the CNS
5. (possibly) removes ___ from brain

Back 2

1. clear and colorless
2. extracellular
3. supplies water, amino acids, glucose, and ions to the extracellular environment
4. shock absorber protects
5. metabolites

Front 3

Choroid Plexus (Formation of CSF):
1. is a network of ___ embedded in CT
2. The three layers of cells are: ___ walls, ___ tissue, and ___
3. it is formed by ___ and ___ ___
4. similar to ___

Back 3

1. capillaries
2. capillary wall, connective tissue, epithelium
3. filtration and active transport
4. similar to plasma

Front 4

Coup-Countercoup Injury: What causes bruising and internal damage to the brain?

Back 4

When there is a direct blow to the head, shaking of the child (as seen in many cases of child abuse), or a whiplash-type injury (as seen in motor vehicle accidents), the bruising of the brain and the damage to the internal tissue and blood vessels is due to a mechanism called coup-countercoup. A bruise directly related to trauma, at the site of impact, is called a coup lesion (pronounced COO). As the brain jolts backwards, it can hit the skull on the opposite side and cause a bruise called a counter coup lesion. The jarring of the brain against the sides of the skull can cause shearing (tearing) of the internal lining, tissues, and blood vessels that may cause internal bleeding, bruising, or swelling of the brain.

Front 5

CSF Route:
1. circulates in ___
2. enters ____ space
3. absorbed into ___ ___

Back 5

1. ventricles
2. subarachnoid
3. venous circulation

Front 6

Photos of T1 and T2

Back 6

T1 - CSF is dark
T2 - CSF is light

Front 7

Lateral ventricles
1. a ___ of C-shaped "___"
2.

Back 7

1. a pair of c-shaped "horns"

Front 8

Lateral Ventricle "horns" are positioned in what 3 locations?
-The extend into ___ ___

Back 8

Anterior, Posterior, and Inferior
-they extend into each hemisphere

Front 9

1. Below the lateral ventricles is the ___
2. Above the lateral ventricles is the ___ ___
3. Outside wall is the ___ ___
4. each side connects through the ___ ___

Back 9

1. below the lateral ventricle is the Thalamus
2. above the lateral ventricle is the corpus Callosum
3. outside wall is the Caudate Nucleus
4. each side connects through the third ventricle

Front 10

The Third Ventricle:
1. located in the midline of the ___
2. Walls are the ___ and ___
3. connects to Fourth Ventricle through the ___ canal called the ___ ___ of sylvian

Back 10

1. 3rd ventricle located in the midline of the Diencephalon
2. Walls of the 3rd ventricle are the thalamus and hypothalamus
3. midbrain canal called the cerebral aqueduct of sylvian

Front 11

18.1 Fourth ventricle:
1. space b/t the ___ and ___ along ventral surface of cerebellum
2. Inferiorly continuous with the __ __ of ___ ___

Back 11

1. Pons and Medulla
2. central canal of spinal cord

Front 12

******BOARDS*****
Fourth Ventricle Drains into the ___ ___ via:
Two ___ ___ (___)
Midline opening (___)

Back 12

4th ventricle drains into the SUBARACHNOID SPACE via:

Two Lateral foramina (LUSCHKA)
Midline opening (MAGENDINE)

Front 13

CSF Fun:
1. Adults produce about __ pint daily
2. production __ ml per minute
3. volume--approx. __ ml in subarachnoid space, __ ml in lumbar sac.
4. It takes: 1-2 hours to fill the ___ cistern
5. 3-4 hours to fill the ___ fissure
6. 10-12 hrs to spread over the cerebral ___
7. 24 hrs to clear into ___ ___ sinus

Back 13

1. one
2. 0.5
3. 90, 30
4. basal
5. sylvian
6. subarachnoid
7. superior sagittal

Front 14

White Matter Compression:
-in children we see what?
-we need to measure what?

Back 14

Hydrocephalus
the head

Front 15

Symptoms noted in a child with Hydrocephalus:
1. ___
2. ___ to ___
3. ___ of ___ ___
4. ___
5. * ____ ____

Back 15

1. vomiting
2. .failure to thrive
3. delay of developmental milestones
4. irritability
5. *SUNSET EYES

Front 16

Causes of Hydrocephalus
1. Excessive production of ___
2. (rare) tumor of the ___ ___
3. blockage of CSF ____
4. poor secretion of CSF into ___ ___
5. formation of ___ due to ___ or ___

Back 16

1. CSF
2. Choroid Plexus
3. Circulation
4. Venous Sinus
5. Scars, meningitis, hemorrhage

Front 17

Some Structural causes of hydrocephalus Include:
1. ___ ____cysts
2. ____
3. ____
4. ____
5. ____

Back 17

1. Danny Walker cysts
2. Bleeding
3. Infection
4. Neoplasm
5. Vascular
6. Trauma

Front 18

what is a Treatment for Hydrocephalus?

Back 18

Shunt

Front 19

*Development of Papilledema:

what is greater? Inter cranial pressure or Interocular pressure?

Back 19

Papilledema:

ICP>IOP

Front 20

*Spontaneous Venous Pulsation:

what is greater? Inter cranial pressure or Interocular pressure?

Back 20

Spontaneous Venous Pulsation:

IOP>ICP
(pressure in eye>pressure in the cranium)

Front 21

Flow of CSF upon Leaving the Brainstem: the flow is ____
1.CSF continues into ___ space
2. goes through ___ ___
3. continues through ___
4. and into ___ ___

Back 21

UNIDIRECTIONAL
1. subarachnoid
2. Arachnoid villa
3. Dura
4. Sagittal Sinus

Front 22

Normally is there CSF in the central spinal canal?

Back 22

NO

Front 23

Continuation of Subarachnoid Space: Formation of Cisterns
1. The largest cistern is the ___ cistern b/t __ and __
2. This is the area where what is done?

Back 23

1. Lumbar, b/t L2 and S2
2. Area for spinal tap

Front 24

Clinical Implications of Blockage:
1. ____ - where you will see dilation of what? Specifically, which one(s)
2. Will not an increased ___
3. Monitor with what?
4. will observe a loss of what?

Back 24

1. Hydrocephalus, ventricles, particularly lateral
2. ICP
3. spinal tap
4. loss of spontaneous venous pulsation

Front 25

Consideration of Pseudotumor Cerebri AKA Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
-Likely a ___ ___ defect
-it acts ___
-there is no ___ of ____

ex. of pseudotumor cerebri

Back 25

-meningeal absorption
-acts slow
-no dilation of ventricles

(example: overnight a young woman with nausea, tinitus, headache, vomiting, swollen optic disk, double vision and vision loss - developed all these things b/c she was untreated)

Front 26

Observable symptoms of hydrocephalus:
1. ____
2. difficulty with ___ ___ (via eyes)
3. ___ syndrome (___ ___ syndrome)
4. problems with ___, ___, ___

Back 26

1. Headache
2. difficulty with vertical gaze
3. Parinaud's syndrome (Sylvian Aqueduct Syndrome)
4. Problems with Gait, balance, incontinent

Front 27

Lumbar puncture:
Normal value: Less than or equal to ___; ___ for overweight

Back 27

200, 250