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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Monoclonal gammopathy
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excess immunoglobins
benign MUST WATCH for conversion to MULTIPLE MYELOMA |
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Multiple Myeloma
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comprised of myeloma cells (plasma cell tumors in marrow)
excess IgG or A and excess light chains osteocloast activating factor-IL-6-why bones look "punched out" (IL-1 too) |
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Multiple Myeloma buzz words
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Bence Jones proteins
amyloidosis hypercalcemia anemia or leukocytopenia increase susceptibility to infections M spike |
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Waldenstroms's
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primary macroglobulimemia
males>females flame cells (eosinophilic neoplastic plasma cells) HYPERVISCOSITY SYNDROME-bc overproduction of IgM (huge molecule that thickens blood) so we get fatigue, weakness, skin and mucosal bleeding, headache, visual problems, neuro porblems. |
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Phlebrothrombosis
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clots in veins
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Virchow's Triad
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1-blood stasis
2-hypercoaguabe 3-endothelial cell damage |
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Trousseau's Syndrome
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migratory venous thrombosis that may occur as an extreme example of phelbothrombosis
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Atherosclerosis
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high LDL
contains foam cells lesions form most in large and medium sized arteries plaque-depo of LDL onto the intima of BV with subsequent accum of foam cells and inflam mediators |
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Atherosclerotic plaques 3 major effects
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1-decrease luminal dimensions
2-lead to eventual atrophy of media = wall weakening=anyerism 3-when disrupted, attract platelets that form overlying platelet clot that complete occules bv or breaks off to embolize downstream to where it obstructs blood flow |
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Atherosclerosis in creases the risk for
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CVA-stroke
PVD and PAD Ischemic Heart Dz Mesenteric ischmia Aortic anerysm |
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Monckeberg's
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bening
calcium deposits in bv media to produce lumps common in radial and ulnar arteriers old people |
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Arteriolosclerosis-hyperplastic
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malignant HTN systolic >120 or dyastolic >150
small arts and arterioles "onion skin hyperplasia" of the media |
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Arterioloscleross - hyaline
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inflammation and use
etiologies: HTN, old, DM overtime, bv basement memebrane bc thick causing narrowing of the lumen small art and arterioles Nephrosclerosis when assoc. w/ kidney |
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vasculitits
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inflammation of blood vessel walls
arteritits & phlebitis |
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Large Vessel Arteritis
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Giant Cell
Takayasu |
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Medium Vessel Arteritits
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Polyarteritis nodosa
Kawasaki Thromboangiitis obliterans |
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Small Vessels Arteritis
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Wegners
Henoch-schonlein Hypersensitivity arteritis Churg-Strauss Microscopic Polyangiitis Thromboangiitis obliterans |
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Hypersensitivity Artereritis
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small vessel
type III hypersensitivity (immune cplx deposits)-drugs (penicillin),tumors, HCV, EBV, HIV affects primary-SKIN, muscles, brain and kidney palpable purpura, papules (esp in butt), PAINFUL, pruritic |
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Henoch-Schonlein
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small vessel
variant of Hypersentsitivity Art. Kids palpable purpura (butt), arthralgias, bloody diarrhea & glomerulonephritis |
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Polyarteritis nodosa PAN
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Medium vessels
transmural nercotizing inflammation of arterial walls. secondart to-HBV, HCV, hairy cell leukemia fever, ab pain and melena, renal dz (WITHOUT glomerulonepthritis bc served by caps) with HTN, neuritis of motor neurons, diffuse myalgia fatal if untreated |
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Microscopic poly angitis
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small vessels
similar to PAN but with small vessels initiated by a reaction to drugs (penicillin) p-ANCA sever glomerulonephritis and pulmonary capillaritis palpable purpura, hemoptysis, hematuria, myalgia |
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Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Dz)
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small vessel
hypersensitivity to TOBACCO, Jewish <35 smokers tibial and radial arteries neutrophils surrounded by granulomas cause blood vessel destruction = sever pain in distal limb that progresses to gangrene |
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Giant Cell Arteritis
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large vessel
granulomatous inflammation of vessel wall FEMALES over 50 |
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Temporal Arteritis
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type of Giant Cell that occurs in temporal arteries
TETRAD-fever, fatigue, temporal headache, high ESR may cause "jaw claudication" untreated=sudden monocular blindness |
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Polymyalgia rheumatica
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systemic Giant Cell
flu like symptoms w/ arthalgia and myalgia fever and very high ERS may lead to limb claudication, CVA, MI, aortic anerysm and visceral organ infarct |
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Wegener's Granulomatosis
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small vessel
c-ANCA sinusitis, lung lesions & glomerulonephritis |
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Takayasu Atereritis (aortic arch syndrome)
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large vessel
thickening of aortic arch with huge granulomatous formation. Asian females 15-40 night sweats, chest pain, weak or absent periph pulse, eventual organ ischemia |
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Kawasaki Dz (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
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medium vessel
histologically similar to PAN fever, conjunctivitis, maculopapular rash (erythema of HANDS AND SOLES) coronary artery anerysm, oral mucosal erythema and cervical lymph node enlargement leading cause acquired of heart dz inUSE & Japan treat-IV immunoglobulins & ASPIRIN` |
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Churg-Strauss (allergic angiitis)
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small vessel-bc must be small for wedding dress
granulomas plus PAN like histologic features in the vessel wall plus marrive eosinophil invasion both in vessel wall and surrounding tissues pANCA casues severe asthma like attack death occurs by coronary vessel destruction |
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Behcet's Syndrome
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not an arteritis a VASCULITIS of veins and venules
painful oral and genital ulcerations MISDIAGNOSED as HERPES life threatening brain and GI damage and high risk for DVTs and PEs descendents of Mediterranean and Middle East even if remotely blacks NOT affected anti human oral mucosa antibodies |
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aneurysm
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localized abnormal dilation of blood vessels
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atherosclerotic
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wall thinning due to medial destrction secondary to intimal plaques bc elevated LDL
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Hyaline Arteriolosclerotic
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Thickened basement membrane
eventually leads to medial atrophy assoc w/ >50 with DM |
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Syphilitic-leutic aneurysm
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Treponema pallidum causes the obliterative endarteritis of the vasa vasorum of the thoracic aorta
"tree barking" of the intima result in aortic regurg |
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Berry
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Most common
Circle of Wilis ADPCK may rupture and = subarachnoid hemorrage (worst headache of life) |
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Aortic Dissecton
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intima tears bt layers of MEDIA allowing for collection of blood within the aortic wall.
rupture and casue massive hemorrhage and death or can dissect towards arterial branches causing occulison Marfans is a big risk factor |
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Micro
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small cerebral aneurysm due to HTN OR small retinal aneurysm secondary to DM
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Mycotic
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infections of vessel wall-usually bacterial
damages the media=wall weakening |
