Session 3

Front 1

Cellular respiration

Back 1

involves various metabolic pathways that break down carbs, consumes oxygen and produces CO2

Front 2

NAD+

Back 2

as a metabolite is oxidized, accepts two electrons and and a hydrogen ion

Front 3

glycolysis

Back 3

breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm into two molecules of pyruvate

Front 4

preparatory reaction

Back 4

pyruvate enters a mitochondrian and is oxidized to a two carbon acetyl group and CO2 is removed

Front 5

citric acid cycle

Back 5

occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrian and produces NADH and FADH2, series of reactions that gives off CO2 and produces one ATP

Front 6

electron transport train

Back 6

series of carriers in the inner mitochondrial membrane that accepts electrons from glucose

Front 7

pyruvate

Back 7

pivotal metabolite in cellular respiration

Front 8

fermentation

Back 8

anaerobic process, occurs in the cytoplasm, glucose is completely metabolized to lactate

Front 9

substrate-level phosphorylation

Back 9

oxidation of G3P and subsequent substrates results in four high-energy phosphate groups, used to synthesize four ATP molecules

Front 10

mitochondrion

Back 10

double membrane with an intermembrane space

Front 11

oxidative phosphorylation

Back 11

at each sequential redox reaction, energy is released to form ATP molecules, O2 must be present for the proteins to work

Front 12

ATP Synthase complexes

Back 12

channel proteins that serve as enzymes for ATP sythesis

Front 13

chemiosmosis

Back 13

term used for ATP production tied to an electrochemical (H+) gradient across a membrane

Front 14

alcoholic fermentation

Back 14

carried out by yeasts, produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol

Front 15

lactic acid fermentation

Back 15

carried out by certain bacteria and fungi, produces lactic acid, process is used commercially for cheese, yogurt

Front 16

oxygen debt

Back 16

oxygen is needed to restore ATP levels and rid the body of lactate

Front 17

catabolism

Back 17

degradative reactions break down molecules, tend to be exergonic

Front 18

anabolism

Back 18

synthetic reactions build molecules, tend to be endergonic, ATP produced during catabolism drives this

Front 19

deamination

Back 19

carbon skeleton is produced in the liver by the removal of an amino group

Front 20

Metabolic pool

Back 20

molecules used for biosynthesis,

Front 21

transamination

Back 21

transfer of an amino acid group to an organic acid

Front 22

essential amino acids

Back 22

humans synthesize 11 out of 20 amino acids, the rest of these needed provided by the diet