• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/18

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
name the stain for each situation:

mycobacterium/norcardia
cryptococcus
blood smears
iron
polysaccharides/mucopolysaccharides
amyloid
mycobacterium/norcardia - ziehl neelsen
cryptococcus - india ink
blood smears - giema stain
iron - prussian blue
polysaccharides/mucopolysaccharides - PAS
amyloid - congo red
describe the steps for gram staining
1) add crystal violet
2) add iodine for mordant
3) add alcohol fordecolorization
4) add safranin to turn it pink/red.
what component of the spore allows it to survive for thousands of years?
dipicolinic acid = dehydrates the cell
what are 3 clinically impt encapsulated bacteria

what pt population will have the most problems?
streptococcus pneuoniae (pneumococcus)
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
Haemophilus influenzae

patients who had splenectomy
key differences between endotoxin and exotoxin

(in terms of Ab production, heat, and origin)
endotoxin: part of the Gram (-) structure (eg. Lipid A component of LPS), heat stable and NOT antigenic because it's NOT protein. No ab production.

extotoxin: produced by the Gram (-) bacteria. heat labile and Very antigenic because it IS a protein. Ab production.
What is a toxoid?
a deactivated version of exotoxin used in vaccines
what vaccines use toxoids?
corynebcterium diphtheriae
clostridium tetani
bordetella pertussis
What is considered a superantigen?

symptoms?
TSST-1 (toxic shock syndrome toxin)

binds directly to class II MHC proteins therefore directly and quickly overstimulates the immune system.

fever, rash, desquamation, diarrhea THEN hypotension THEN shock THEN death
treatment for gas gangrene
1) surgical debridement
2) pen G + clindamycin
3) +/- hyperbaric oxygen
DOC for anthrax.

empiric tx?
penicilin IF sensitive

empiric: (3 drugs)
ciprofloxacin OR doxycycline +
clindamycin AND/OR rifampin

continue for 60 days for bioterrorism or 7-10days for endemic cutaneous anthrax
painless ulcer with black crust and massive edema

what is this?
cutaneous anthrax - MOST COMMON FORM

NEVER EVERR EVEER POP!!!! (aka malignant pustule)
what two organisms have "chinese character" formations?

other similar characteristics?
how can you differentiate?
listeria and corynebacteria

both are gram positive, non-sporing rods

corynebacteria - no movement
listeria - tumbling movement
top 3 drugs to cause pseudomembranous colitis?
clindamycin
cephalosporins
ampicillin
what and who has the following:

O antigen
H antigen
K antigen
O antigen = LPS = all gram (-) bacteria
H antigen = flagella = escherichia, salmonella
K antigen = capsule = klebsiella, escherichia, salmonella
what culture medium is needed for diptheria
loeffler's telluride
what are 3 causes of reiter's syndrome
samonella
shigella
campylobacter
chlamydia
what is the rash pattern/spread for

typhus and rocky mountain spotted fever?
typhus = rash spreads from trunk to periphery

rocky mtn spotted fever = from extremities to trunk
what is it called when you become ill with flu-like symptoms, fever, myalgias, chills after being treated for either treponema, borrelia, or leptospirosis
jarisch-herxheimer reaction

the lysis of spirochetes (eg lyme disease and syphilis) causes a massive release of endotoxin like molecues.