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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is plasma?
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the complex liquid that makes up blood. has erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets,
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What is serum? What is it missing that the plasma has?
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Serum is the left over liquid after the blood is allowed to clot and the clot is removed. has pretty much the same composition as plasma except that fibrinogen and certain other clotting factors are not present.
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General functions of plasma proteins - maintains plasma fluid volume. How?
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because there are more proteins in the in capillary than the ISF. Creates an oncotic pressure bringing fluid into the capillary.
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general function plasma proteins -buffering
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proteins buffers the blood (~15%) so maintains acid - base balance and blood pH; along with HCO3-; phosphatase
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General function of plasma proteins - such as albumin. and just generally
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albumin helps binds substance that are poorly soluble in blood for transport. ex for albumin - carries fatty acids, certain amino acids, bilirubin and certain drugs.
-generally - some bind to hormones that prevent the filtration of these hormones by the kidney |
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What are the different orgins of different plasma proteins?
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Most produced by the liver but circulating antibodies are produced by lymphocytes, plasma and beta cells.
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on an electrophoreic graph moving from the + end on the left to the - end on the right what is normal order of plasma proteins?
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most positive to negative:
Albumin (big spike) alpha globuins beta globuins gamma globuins |
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what does Haptoglobin?
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it binds to hemoglobulin in the free form. you only get hemoglobin in free form when you get intravascular hemolysis. when it binds this complex is phatogtoized. this will show up as an abnormally low concentration of [haptoglobin]
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So an immunoglobulin is a Y shape. Describe the shape to me now
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the top of the Y is made up of both the heavy and light chains. this is where the antigen binds. the heavy chain has V D J. The light chain has V J. Different combos of these give different antigen binding domains. the constant part is made up of only the heavy chain.
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what happens in kidney dieseases in the regards to plasma protein levels?
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basically proteins can escape the capillary and then are peed out. This happens due to glomeurlopathy.
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What is Kwashiorkor?
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this is a protein deficiency syndrome where energy intake is normal but there is not enough proteins in the diet.
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So Hypoproteinemia is associated with what big disease?
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edema because of a large decrease in oncotic pressure so fluid moves from the capillary to the interstitial space.
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what does cirrhosis do to plasma levels?
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cirrhosis causes the liver function to go down so less albumin will be produced.
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what is bence-jones protien?
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it consists of immunoglobulin light chains and is found in patients with multiple myeloma. it is synthesized by plasmaa cells in multiple myeloma. they are filtered by the glumerulus due to their small size and thus appear in the urine. they are filtered so fast by the kidney it is difficult to detect them in the blood.
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what is multiple myeloma?
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this is a single clone of a B lymphocyte but can find tumor cell in different parts of the body. causes an over expression of one antibody. As a result of this overexpression, other antibodies are not produced, bones become weak, bone pain, hypercalcemia and recurrent infections.
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