Serum, Plasma, And Whole Blood Chemistries

Front 1

Albumin

Back 1

3.5-5.0 g/dl
higher:dehydration;lower:chronic liver disease, malabsorption, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, pregnancy

Front 2

Bilirubin
Total
Indirect
Direct

Back 2

0.2-1.3 mg/dl
1.7-17.0 mg/dl
0.1-0.3 mg/dl
higher:biliary obstruction, impaired liver function, hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, prolonged fastin;

Front 3

Calcium

Back 3

9-11 mg/dl
higher: acute osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, vit. D intoxication, multiple myeloma; lower: acute pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, liver disease, malabsorption syndrome, renal failure, vit. D deficiency

Front 4

Cholesterol

Back 4

140-200 mg/dl
higher:biliary obstruction, hypothyroidism, idiopathic hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes; lower: extensive liver disease, hyperthyroidism, malnutrition, corticosteroid therapy

Front 5

Creatinine

Back 5

0.5-1.5 mg/dl
higher: severe renal disease

Front 6

Alkaline Phosphatase

Back 6

30-120 U/L
higher: bone diseases, marked hyperparathyroidism, obstruction of biliary system, rickets; lower: excessive vitamin D ingestion, hypothyroidism, milk-alkali syndrome

Front 7

Potassium

Back 7

3.5-5.5 mEq/L
higher: Addison's disease, diabetic ketosis, massive tissue destruction, renal failure;lower: Cushing syndrome, diarrhea, diuretic therapy, pyloric obstruction, stavation, comiting

Front 8

Sodium

Back 8

135-145 mEq/L
higher: dehydration, impaired renal function, primary aldosteronism, corticosteroid therapy; lower: Addison's disease, diabeteic ketoacidosis, diuretic therapy, excessive loss from gastrointestinal trace, excessive perspiration, water intoxication

Front 9

Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Back 9

10-30 mg/dl
higher: increased in protein catabolism (fever, stress), renal disease, urinary tract infection; lower: malnutrition, sever liver damage

Front 10

Iron, total

Back 10

50-150 mcg/dl
higher: excessive RBC destruction; lower: iron-deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease

Front 11

Arterial pH

Back 11

7.35-7.45
higher: alkalosis; lower: acidosis

Front 12

Arterial PCO2

Back 12

35-45 mm Hg
higher: respiratory acidosis; lower: respiratory alkalosis

Front 13

Arterial PO2

Back 13

80-100 mm Hg
higher: administration of high concentration of oxygen; lower: chronic lung disease, decreased cardiac output

Front 14

Bicarbonate (HCO2)

Back 14

22-26 mEq/L
higher: compensated respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis; lower: compensated respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis