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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Serum Sodium (Normal)
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135 to 145 mEq/L
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Serum Sodium (Low)
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<135 mEq/L (Hyponatremia)
Syndrome of inappropriate antiduretic hormone secretion. |
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Serum Sodium (High)
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>145 mEq/L (Hypernatremia)
Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, fluid loss. |
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Serum Potassium (Normal)
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3.5 to 5 mEq/L
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Serum Potassium (Low)
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<3.5 mEq/L (Hypokalemia)
Diarrhea, vomiting, diuretic therapy, excessive sweating. |
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Serum Potassium (High)
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>5 mEq/L (Hyperkalemia)
Burns and renal failure. |
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Total Serum Calcium (Normal)
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8.9 to 10.1 mg/dL
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Total Serum Calcium (Low)
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<8.9 mg/dL (Hypocalcemia)
Acute pancreatitis. |
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Total Serum Calcium (High)
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>10.1 mg/dL (Hypercalcemia)
Hyperparathyroidism. |
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Ionized Calcium (Normal)
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4.4 to 5.3 mg/dL
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Ionized Calcium (Low)
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<4.4 mg/dL (Hypocalcemia)
Massive transfusion. |
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Ionized Calcium (High)
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>5.3 mg/dL (Hypercalcemia)
Acidosis. |
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Serum Phosphates (Normal)
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2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL or 1.8 to 2.6 mEq/L
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Serum Phosphates (Low)
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<2.5 mg/dL or <1.8mEq/L
(Hypophosphatemia) Diabetic ketoacidosis. |
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Serum Phosphates (High)
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>4.5 mg/dL or 2.6 mg/dL
(Hyperphosphatemia) Renal insufficiency. |
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Serum Magnesium (Normal)
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1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
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Serum Magnesium (Low)
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<1.5 mEq/L (Hypomagnesemia)
Malneutrition. |
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Serum Magnesium (High)
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>2.5 mEq/L (Hypomagnesemia)
Renal Failure. |
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Serum Chloride (Normal)
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98 to 108 mEq/L
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Serum Chloride (Low)
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<98 mEq/L (Hypochloremia)
Prolonged vomiting. |
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Serum Chloride (High)
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>108 mEq/L (Hyperchloremia)
Hypernatremia. |
