Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How much total blood volume should be drawn from a pt?
|
3-10% total blood volume
|
|
|
What blood tubes does a general profile normally take? (Phoenix labs)
|
SST
Lavender Gray (for glucose, though not usually sent in, due to the fact that by the time it would arrive at outside lab, glucose levels would be abnormally low) |
|
|
What should blood tubes be labeled with?
|
Name
Date Time Pt ID # |
|
|
Hemolysis can result from:
|
Forcing clood thru a small needle
Excess alcohol on skin |
|
|
Hemolysis can alter concentrations of certain constituents in the sample such as?
|
Lipids
Billirubin K+ |
|
|
How soon after a sample is taken should it be run?
|
In most cases a blood sample should be run within an hour of collection. As this is not always possible the sample should be refrigerated to prevent degradation of the sample
|
|
|
When should practical samples be obtained from a fasted animal (Patient influences)
|
Post prandial lipemia
Elevated glucose Increased Iphos Kidney values affected *H20 need NOT be restricted |
|
|
Plasma proteins are produced primarily by the:
|
Liver and the immune system
|
|
|
Plasma protein functions include:
|
Forms structural matrix of all cells
Maintains osmotic pressure Buffers in acid base balance the body (keeps pH neutral) Blood coagulation Trasport/carriers for other plasma |
|
|
Commonly performed protein assays in veterinary medicine are:
|
Fibrinogen
Total protein Albumin |
|
|
Fibrinogen
|
Manufactured by the liver as a precursor to fibrin, which is the insoluble protein that forms clots
|
|
|
What is removed from plasma during clot formation?
|
Fibrin
|
|
|
What can elevate fibrinogen levels in plasma
|
Accute inflammation
Tissue damage |
|
|
Fibrinogen comprises what % of the total plasma protein?
|
3-6%
|
|
|
Total Protein
|
TP
Combination of albumin and globulins Roles: Oncotic blood pressure Transport mechanism Immunity |
|
|
Albumin
|
Major source comes from hepatocytes (liver cells)
Minor source comes from cardiac & skeletal muscle & pancreas Role: retains fluid in the vessels (osmotic pressure) Binding and transport protein Notes: Edema and effusions will decrease values |
|
|
Albumin makes up what % of total plasma protein?
|
35-50%
|
|
|
ALP
|
Alkaline Phosphatase
Tests Liver Function Major source - liver (adult animals) bone (young animals) Minor source - kidneys and intestines Role - assist in various chemical reactions Found increased in metabolic defects in liver cells used often to determine cholestasis (bile duct obstruction ) in cats and dogs |
|
|
What is cholestatsis?
|
A bile duct obstruction
|
|
|
ALT
|
Alanine Aminotranferase
Major source - hepatocytes Minor source - cardiac & skeletal muscle and pancreas Role - amino acid metabolism Notes - Liver Specific ALT determines hepatic cell damage, NOT liver function |
|
|
AST
|
Aspartate Aminotransferase
Major source - hepatocytes Minor source - cardiac & skeletal muscle, kidneys, pancreas and erythrocytes Role - Amino acid metabolism Notes - Not liver specific, elevated AST may indicate liver damage, strenuous exercise or recent IM injection |
|
|
Cholesterol
|
Major source - hepatocytes
Minor source - adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, and intestinal epithelium Role - steroid hormone production Notes - helpful in screening for hypothyroidism and cushing's disease ---Thyroid hormone controls systhesis and destruction of cholesterol ---Will be elevated postprandial or if the animal is on a high fat diet. |
|
|
Total Bilirubin
|
Tbili
Major source - hemoglobin via liver processing Notes - by product of RBC breakdown (a metabolite of hemoglobin) Not liver specific Conjugated (direct) Unconjugated (indirect) and unconjugated |
|
|
Bile Acids
|
Aid in fat absorption and modulate cholesterol levels
Gallbladder stores bile acids until contraction associated with eating occurs Elevated levels can indicate PSS, hepatitis, or neoplasms ---bile acids are unspecific to type of liver problem, but are useful as a screening test for liver disease |
|
|
What does PSS stand for?
|
Portosystemic Shunt
|
