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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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elevated:
SGPT/ALT SGOT/AST GGT AND they have elevated glucose |
congested DM liver
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elevated:
serum tryglycerides >110 serum cholesterol >220 HTN/high bp LDLs glucose levels LOW HDLs <55 |
Syndrome X
aka hyperinsulinemia |
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pt has elevated:
glucose >100 (so its high) anion gap (>12) BUT HB-A1c is normal AND CO2 levels LOW |
B1 deficiency (thiamine)
CONFIRMED BY LDH <140 |
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elevated:
total cholesterol >220 LDL>120 triglycerides>110 decreased SGPT/ALT (<10) |
congested/early fatty liver
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incrsd risk for developing:
HTN insulin resistance syndrome X Type 2 DM |
congested/early fatty liver
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pt eats lots of refined carbs
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hyper-insulinism
receptors become super-sensitive then UNsensitize leading to Type2DM |
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1. Strong craving for sweets
2. Awaken a few hours after sleeping and hard to get back to sleep 3. Strong craving or “need” for an afternoon “pick up” from caffeine or sugar 4. Fatigue with headache that is relieved by eating 5. Headache, irritability, brain fog if skip meals or too long between meals 6. “Shakiness” if meals are delayed pt has: LDH <140 & glucose >80 |
reactive hypoglycemia
may have low bp & can be linked to adrenal insufficiency |
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has ELEVATED:
SGPT/ALT (>30) • Wake up and feel lethargic – need 2-3 cups of coffee to “get going” • have mild HA thruout day • Once “moving” they can go for hours without eating and get by with caffeine and a bagel/donut • Evening meal is generally large and after eating they “collapse” – fall asleep • On the weekends their symptoms are worse – they are increasingly fatigued and groggy when waking in the morning • Need stress in their lives in order to keep going |
hypoglycemia due to liver-glycogen problem
because they need the cortisol release to stimulate the liver to release glycogen. Eventually this leads to adrenal fatigue, which in turn causes decreased cortisol |
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BUN is the only element ELEVATED
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renal insufficiency
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pt has:
• ↑BUN (>16mg/dl) with • normal or increased serum creatinine (>1.1) • Normal to slightly increased uric acid (>5.9) • ↑phosphorus (maybe) • Normal LDH • Normal SGOT (AST) |
renal insufficiency
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pt has:
• ↑Uric Acid (>5.9mg/dl) • ↑BUN (>25mg/dl) • ↑serum creatinine (>1.4 mg/dl) • BUN/creatinine ratio btw 10 to 20 • ↑serum phosphorus (>4.0mg/dl) • ↑LDH (200mg/dl) • ↑AST/SGOT(>30) - this was at end of notes |
renal disease
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pt has:
• ↑Hemoglobin (>14.5mg/dl in women & >15.0 in men) and/or • ↑Hct (>44% in women and >48% in men) • ↑Erythrocytes (>4.5 in women and >5.0 men) • Possibly may see a relative increase in sodium & potassium • Normal serum protein • Normal BUN (added 2 above based on the quiz) |
Acute dehydration
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**dbl chk rest**
• ↑Albumin • ↑BUN (>16mg/dl) and/or • ↑serum Protein (>7.4) |
chronic dehyrdation
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pts:
serum creatinine (not < 1.1) elevated BUN (>25) |
consider anterior pituitary issue
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Pt only has:
BUN > 25 |
consider renal dysfxn/insufficiency
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pt has:
hypochlorhydria what do you expect BUN levels will be? |
increased
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pt has stress or chronic inflamm.
adrenals are hyperfxning what do you expect BUN levels to be? |
increased
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pt proteins are being broken down excessively (catabolism)
what do you expect BUN levels to be? |
increased
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pt intakes is veg. and does not maintain diet properly
what do you expect BUN levels to be? |
decreased
BUN/creatinine ratio decreased (<10) |
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pt has celiac dz where there is chronic malabsorption of protein
what do you expect BUN levels to be? |
decreased with low levels of protein catabolism
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pt has:
(<10mg/dl) ● ↓level of digestive enzymes(i.e. Protease, amylase, and lipase) – Especially protease. 1. Undigested food in the stool 2. Food allergies/sensitivities 3. Indigestion, gas, bloating 4. Diarrhea 5. Sense of excessive fullness after even small meals 6. Fatigue after meals, especially if high in carbohydrate content |
pancreatic insufficiency
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pt has: (can change)
1. Pain between the shoulder blades 2. Stomach upset with greasy foods 3. Easily intoxicated if consuming alcohol 4. “headache” over the eye on a regular occurring basis 5. Sensitive to chemicals – smell as well as topical 6. Hemorrhoids or varicose veins |
consider liver dysfunction
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pt has:
increased blood concentration of creatinine |
means they have kidney dysfxn
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pt has:
muscular dystrophy w/acute onset of muscle inflammation what will serum creatinine levels be? |
elevated
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pt was dx:
w/multiple sclerosis w/acute onset of muscle/nerve inflammation & irritation what will serum creatinine levels be? |
elevated
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pt is a 40y/o male that has:
1. Creatinine (>1.1 mg/dl) 2. Monocytes (>7%) – recall these are a marker of chronic inflammation 3. LDH4 (isoenzyme) which has prostatic origin with normal BUN & electrolytes |
BPH
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pt is female and has:
slightly elevated to normal creatinine levels normal BUN |
suspect UTI
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pt has:
1. Difficulty urinating – starting/stopping issues, dribbling 2. Non-painful urination 3. Waking to urinate at night more than 2X 4. Interruption of stream during urination 5. Feeling of incomplete bladder evacuation 6. Unresolved back pain |
prostate problem
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pt is female and has:
elevated serum creatinine |
think uterine hypertrophy (adenomyoma)
or uterine inflammation |
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pt has:
elevated BUN levels and takes aspirin, diuretic(thiazides), bismuth what do you expect serum creatinine levels to be? |
elevated serum creatinine
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pt has MS:
increased BUN what will serum creatinine be? |
decreased
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pt is being assessed for chronic renal dysfxn & they have:
increased creatinine/BUN ratio what are the actual levels of creatinine & BUN going to be? |
either:
decreased BUN OR elevated creatinine or Normal BUN & Severely elevated serum creatinine |
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pt has:
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