Sentences & Clauses

Front 1

A group of words is known as?

Back 1

A phrase.

Front 2

A phrase with a subject and a verb is?

Back 2

A clause.

Front 3

A unit of expression which contains one or more clauses is known as?

Back 3

A sentence.

Front 4

A sentence is divided into two parts?

Back 4

Subject and Predicate.

Front 5

The predicate is everything in the sentence other than?

Back 5

The subject.

Front 6

The four categories of sentences classified according to structure are?

Back 6

Simple, Complex, Compound, Compound-Complex.

Front 7

Sentences that contain only one clause with a subject and a predicate are?

Back 7

Simple sentences (Peter likes sports)

Front 8

A sentence containing a main clause and at least one subordinate clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun is considered?

Back 8

A complex sentence. (We will go out + if the weather is good.)

Front 9

A compound sentence, such as “Mom works in a bank and dad in a store” has?

Back 9

Two independent clauses coordinated with each other.

Front 10

A sentence that has two independent clauses and one or two subordinating clauses is called?

Back 10

A compound-complex sentence. [When I was younger (sc), I used to work very hard (mc), so I saved enough money (ic) and I bought a new car.(ic)]

Front 11

Sentences can also be classified according to purpose or function, such as?

Back 11

Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative, Imperative and Exclamative.

Front 12

What types of questions are introduced by an auxiliary, such as Do you like coffee?

Back 12

A Yes/No question.

Front 13

A question such as “Do you like tea or coffee?” are?

Back 13

Alternative questions.

Front 14

WH-questions are examples of?

Back 14

Interrogative pronouns or adverbs.

Front 15

When an affirmative or negative sentence has an interrogative part at the end it called?

Back 15

A Tag question

Front 16

Imperative sentences are introduced by?

Back 16

A verb in basic form or the auxiliary ‘don’t’

Front 17

“How beautiful she is!’ or “What a day!” are examples of?

Back 17

Exclamative sentences.

Front 18

Two clauses joined by the coordinating conjunctions AND, OR, BUT, NOR or YET are known as?

Back 18

Coordinate clauses.

Hint 18

None

Front 19

Why are coordinate clauses main clauses?

Back 19

They can stand alone to complete a sentence.

Front 20

Clauses which describe the main clause or depend on it and cannot stand alone are?

Back 20

Subordinate clauses.

Front 21

Relative pronouns or adverbs (that, which, who, whom, what, where, when, why, how) or a subordinating conjunction (because, as, since, after, before, although, providing, if, so, supposing, unless, until ,while ,in case, as soon as etc.) are used?

Back 21

To introduce subordinate clauses.

Hint 21

None

Front 22

Subordinate clauses can be divided into what 3 main groups according to the different functions they fill?

Back 22

sentence: Adverbial, Adjective or Noun clauses.

Front 23

When they modify or describe a verb or tell us about the action of a verb, subordinate clauses are called?

Back 23

Adverbial clauses (When I arrived, he was playing in his room.)

Front 24

“When I arrived,…” is a?

Back 24

Subordinating adverbial clause of time .

Front 25

“Although it was raining,…” is a?

Back 25

Subordinating adverbial clause expressing contrast.

Front 26

The following subordinating conjunctions: after, as , as soon as, before , since, once, till, until, when, whenever, while, by the time are used?

Back 26

To introduce adverbial clauses of time.

Front 27

Is ‘future” used in a adverbial clause of time?

Back 27

Never.

Front 28

Adverbial clauses of place are introduced by what subordinating conjunctions?

Back 28

Where, wherever. (I like it where the weather is warm.)

Front 29

Adverbial clauses of manner are introduced by what subordinating conjunctions?

Back 29

As, as if, as though, like. (She behaves as though she were the manager.):

Front 30

Adverbial clauses of comparison are introduced by what subordinating conjunctions?

Back 30

As…as, than (She did as well as she could” or “The book is better than the movie.”)

Front 31

Adverbial clauses of purpose are introduced by what subordinating conjunctions?

Back 31

So, so that, in order that. (I am learning English so that I can get a better job.)

Front 32

If, unless, only if, providing (that), provided (that) , even if, whether ( or not), suppose, supposing are all subordinating conjunctions introduce adverbial clauses of?

Back 32

Condition.

Front 33

The subordinating conjunction, “only if”, emphasizes?

Back 33

The condition for the result (Only if you finish the vegetables will you get dessert.)

Front 34

Because, as, since, in case are all subordinating conjunctions that?

Back 34

Introduce adverbial clauses of reason (Since the weather was nice, we stayed.)

Front 35

Adverbial clauses of result are introduced by what subordinating conjunctions?

Back 35

So, so….that, such …that, and therefore, as a result. (He was so rude that he was fired.)

Front 36

The subordinating conjunction, “so…that” is structured as?

Back 36

So + adjective/adverb +that. (He moved so quickly that…)

Front 37

The subordinating conjunction, “such…that” is structured as?

Back 37

Such + (a/an) singular countable noun + that. (He’s such a big man that…)

Front 38

The subordinating conjunction, “such…that” can also be structured as?

Back 38

Such + plural countable or uncountable noun + that. (They are such important matters that… or Getting such unexpected news that…)

Front 39

Although, though, even though, in spite of, despite, however are all subordinating conjunctions that introduce adverbial clauses of?

Back 39

Contrast.

Front 40

What other use can “still, nevertheless or just the same” play?

Back 40

Add emphasis. (Although he was tired, he went on working just the same.)

Front 41

“In spite of” and “despite” are both followed by?

Back 41

A noun phrase. (In spite of the bad weather, we went.)

Front 42

Can “despite” be followed by ‘of ’?

Back 42

No.

Front 43

Can “in spite of” and “despite” be followed by an –ing verb form?

Back 43

Yes. (Despite being scared, she took the risk.)

Front 44

What type of clause can modify a noun or a pronoun and give further information about them?

Back 44

Adjective clauses.

Hint 44

None

Front 45

Adjective clauses are also called?

Back 45

Relative clauses.

Front 46

Relative pronouns (that, who, which, whom), the determiner (“whose” which is used before noun to show possession) or a relative adverb (such as when, why, where, which) can be used to introduce?

Back 46

Relative clauses.

Front 47

When relative clauses provide necessary information about the noun they are said to be?

Back 47

Defining or restrictive.

Front 48

When relative clauses provide information that is not essential to but interesting, they are said to be?

Back 48

Non-defining or non-restrictive.

Front 49

Relative pronouns may refer either to?

Back 49

A person (that , who or whom) or a thing (that or which)

Front 50

The relative pronoun in the relative clause can sometimes be omitted. Yes or no?

Back 50

Yes

Front 51

When the relative pronoun functions as subject of the relative clause, can it be omitted?

Back 51

No. (This is the boy that broke the window)

Front 52

When can the relative pronoun be omitted?

Back 52

When it functions as object of the relative clause.[This is the boy (that/who) I saw yesterday.]

Front 53

AFTER "all, any, anything, every, everything, few, little, something, and superlatives" what is preferred “that” or “which”?

Back 53

“That”is preferred. [This is everything (that) he gave me.]

Hint 53

None

Front 54

In formal English, when is whom used instead of who?

Back 54

When it is the object of the verb.

Front 55

Can a relative pronoun be the object of a preposition?

Back 55

Yes.

Front 56

A relative pronoun, serving as the object of a preposition, goes at the end of the sentence except?

Back 56

When the relative pronouns, WHOM and WHICH are used. Then the preposition is placed before the relative pronoun. [She is the girl (who) I gave the present to. She is the girl to whom I gave the present.]

Hint 56

None

Front 57

“When” (for time), “where” (place) and “why” (for reason) can be used in defining relative clauses after nouns?

Back 57

Yes.

Front 58

Can “when” be used as a subordinating conjunction of time, as well?

Back 58

Yes. [When I arrived, he was sleeping. “When I arrived”, is a subordinate adverbial clause of time. “This is the day when I graduated. “When” is giving additional information about “day”.]

Front 59

If the unnecessary information about the noun, in a non-defining relative clause, is missing the sentence?

Back 59

Will still make sense.

Hint 59

None

Front 60

What pronouns can never be omitted in NON-DEFINING relative clauses and are always separated from the main clause by commas?

Back 60

WHO, WHOM, WHICH. Note THAT can never be used in a non-defining relative clause.

Hint 60

None

Front 61

Can “that” ever be used in a non-defining relative clause?

Back 61

No.

Front 62

What can be used instead of “that” in a non-defining relative clause?

Back 62

If a person, “who or whom” and if a thing, “which”

Front 63

“Which” can also refer to the whole situation mentioned?

Back 63

In the main clause. (Sally didn’t pass her final test, which means she has to repeat the whole course)

Front 64

What quantifiers can be used in combination with the relative pronouns, whom and which?

Back 64

Some of, many of , none of, one of.

Front 65

Can “when” and “where” be used in non-defining relative clauses?

Back 65

Yes. (My first baby was born in London, where we lived for 5 years.)

Front 66

Does a noun phrase have a subject or verb?

Back 66

No

Front 67

Can a noun phrase function as the subject of the sentence?

Back 67

Yes. (The man is tall. )

Front 68

A noun phrase can also function as?

Back 68

The object of the verb. (I saw the man)

Front 69

Can a noun phrase function as the object to a preposition?

Back 69

Yes. (I was looking at the man)

Front 70

A noun phrase can function as the subject complement of the linking verb “is”?

Back 70

Yes. (He is a man)

Front 71

A noun clause is the subject of the sentence, if the clause contains?

Back 71

A verb. (What the man said was inspiring.

Front 72

The noun in a noun clause can be replaced by?

Back 72

“It” or “that”. (It was inspiring. What was inspiring? What the man said)

Front 73

If a clause can be replaced by a pronoun, is it an adverbial or adjective clause?

Back 73

Neither, it is a noun clause.

Hint 73

None

Front 74

Noun clauses can be introduced by what words?

Back 74

Who, whom , whose, which, whether, what ,when ,where ,how ,why.

Front 75

The noun clause in “I don’t know WHO BROKE THE WINDOW” is functioning as?

Back 75

A direct object. (I don’t know that)

Hint 75

None

Front 76

The noun clause is functioning in “The most important thing is that he will come soon.” as?

Back 76

Subject complement (after the linking verb 'IS')

Front 77

The noun clause is functioning in “Careful! Look at what you are doing!” as?

Back 77

Object to the preposition 'at'

Front 78

The noun clause is functioning in “Can you tell me whether or not you are coming?” as?

Back 78

Direct object

Front 79

The noun clause is functioning in “They explained to me how they got there.” as?

Back 79

Direct object.