Sensory Reception Chapter 12

Front 1

The hair cells have thick projections called _______, which stick out at the top of the cells?

Back 1

Stereocilia

Front 2

In the posterior chamber, contains a clear jelly like fluid called the ...

Back 2

Vitreous humour mechano

Front 3

Mechanoreceptors that detect head and body rotation (rotational equilibrium) are found in what structure?

Back 3

Semicircular canal

Front 4

In order, what are the three ossicles called?

Back 4

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

Front 5

Because the inner ear is fluid filled, vibrations in the oval window must be converted to ...

Back 5

Pressure waves

Front 6

The cochlea is used for ....

Back 6

Hearing

Front 7

The middle ear is connected to the throat by the thin ...

Back 7

Eustachian tube

Front 8

_______ is a round, elastic structure that vibrates in response to sound waves. Also known as the eardrum

Back 8

Tympanum

Front 9

Three tiny interconnected bones in the middle ear

Back 9

Ossicles

Front 10

The _______ is a tube that leads to the eardrum in the middle of the ear

Back 10

Auditory canal

Front 11

________ is the outside flap is the ear, made of skin and cartilage

Back 11

Pinna

Front 12

The middle ear consists of what structures....

Back 12

Tympanum

Ossicle

Oval window

Eustachian tube

Front 13

The outer ear consists of what structures.....

Back 13

Pinna

Auditory canal

Front 14

What are the three main divisions of the ear?

Back 14

Inner ear

Middle ear

Outer ear

Front 15

Mechanoreceptors in the inner ear convert the energy of ________ into electrochemical energy the brain perceives as sound.

Back 15

Sound waves

Front 16

The specialized sensory receptor cells for both hearing and balance are .....

Back 16

Mechanoreceptors

Front 17

The ability of the lens to change shape in order to focus images clearly on the retina is a reflex called ....

Back 17

Accommodation

Front 18

Humans have forward facing eyes, known as ....

Back 18

Binocular vision

Front 19

Before the brain can integrate visual information, the retina must send information to the _________, from there the info travels to the _________, then to the ________, of the cerebral cortex.

Back 19

Optic never

Thalamus

Occipital lobe

Front 20

The blind spot does not contain what?

Back 20

Photoreceptors

Front 21

The _______ is located where the two ganglion cells merge to form the optic nerve.

Back 21

Blind spot

Front 22

The axons of the ganglion cells form the ....

Back 22

Optic nerve

Front 23

What are the three main layers of neurons in the retina?

Back 23

Bipolar layer

Rods and cones layer

Ganglion layer

Front 24

The rods contain a light absorbing pigment called .....

Back 24

Rhodopsin

Front 25

The perception of odour occurs in the ________ lobe

Back 25

Frontal lobe

Front 26

Chemoreceptors called _________, line the upper nasal cavity.

Back 26

Olfactory cells

Front 27

The tongue contains ________ that allow us to taste substances entering the mouth.

Back 27

Chemoreceptors

Front 28

_________ are another type of mechanoreceptor involved in coordination.

Back 28

Proprioceptors

Front 29

Gravitation equilibrium depends on the _______ and ________ which together make up the fluid filled _______ of the inner ear.

Back 29

Utricle

Saccule

Make up the vestibule

Front 30

What three major structures in the inner ear help us stand upright?

Back 30

Semicircular canal

Utricle

Saccule

Front 31

________ is due to uneven curvature of part of the cornea. Because the cornea is asymmetrical it cannot bend light rays to that they meet at the correct focal point.

Back 31

Astigmatism

Front 32

The far ends of the stereocilia are embedded within the .....

Back 32

Tectorial membrane

Front 33

_________ transmits sensory information to the brain

Back 33

Optic nerve

Front 34

Along the base of the organ of corti is the ________ to which sensory mechanoreceptors known as _________ are attached.

Back 34

Basilar membrane

Hair cells are attached

Front 35

Aqueous humour is produced everyday and drained by small ducts if these ducts become plugged, pressure can build up in the eye, causing blood vessels to rupture. The cells of the eye then deteriorate due to lack of oxygen and nutrients. This results in what?

Back 35

Glaucoma

Front 36

On the cross section of a cochlea - the middle chamber contains the ______ which is the organ of hearing

Back 36

Organ of corti

Front 37

It is within the structures of the _________ that the mechanical energy of sound is converted into electrochemical impulses that are transmitted to the brain.

Back 37

Cochlea

Front 38

What structure of the ear contains sensors for balance?

Back 38

Semicircular canal and vestibule

Front 39

The rods are sensitive to ...

Back 39

Dim light / light intensity

Front 40

Cones are sensitive to ...

Back 40

Different colour

Front 41

Membrane covered opening in the wall of the inner ear, called the .....

Back 41

Oval window

Front 42

The inner ear consists of what structures ?

Back 42

Semicircular canal

The vestibule

The cochlea

Front 43

Color blindness is caused by a lack of ....

Back 43

Particular cones (usually red and green)

Front 44

Human senses include...

Back 44

Hearing

Taste

Touch

Smell

Internal sense such as balance

Front 45

Cones are packed most densely at the ...

Back 45

Fovea centralis

Front 46

Where are photoreceptors found?

What is an example of the receptors?

What stimulates them?

Back 46

Found in the eye

Rods and cones

Stimulated by visible light

Front 47

_______ are colour detecting sensors of the eye

Back 47

Cones

Front 48

Cones contain a pigment called ......

Back 48

Photopsin

Front 49

People who have no problem seeing distant objects are far sighted. They cannot focus on near objects because the eyeball is to short. This is called ________.

Where does the focussed light fall?

Back 49

Hyperopia - the light rays do not meet before they reach the retina , the image is focussed behind the retina

Front 50

As the lens ages, it's protein structure can start to degenerate making it opaque and preventing light from passing through it. This condition can cause white spots called ........

Back 50

Cataracts

Front 51

What is sensory adaptation?,

Give an example

Back 51

When the brain filters out insignificant or repetitive information

Example, you no longer notice the ticking of a clock of the feel of clothes on your skin

Front 52

_________ supports the eyeball with the pressure of the fluid they contain

Back 52

Humours

Front 53

The lens focussed light rays on the ...

Back 53

Fovea centralis

Front 54

Rods are spread through the ...

Back 54

Retina

Front 55

To see near objects you can wear ______ lenses

Back 55

Convex

Front 56

The internal layer of the eye consists of what three structures?

Back 56

Rods

Cones

Fovea centralis

Front 57

The intermediate layer of the eye consists of what four structures ?

Back 57

Choroid

Iris

Pupil

Ciliary muscle

Front 58

What is the function of the choroid ?

Back 58

Absorbs scattered light and contains blood vessels

Front 59

What is the function of the iris?

Back 59

Regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

Front 60

What is the function of the pupil?

Back 60

Is the opening for light to enter the inner eye

Front 61

What is the function of the ciliary muscles ?

Back 61

Changes the shape of the lens in order to focus

Front 62

The external layer of the eye consists of ....

Back 62

Sclera

Cornea

Front 63

What is the function of the sclera ?

Back 63

Protects and supports the eyeball

Front 64

What is the function of the cornea?

Back 64

Bends light rays into the eye

Front 65

What is the retina ?

Back 65

The internal layer of the eye. A thin layer of tissue that contains the photoreceptors

Front 66

behind the iris the choroid thickens and forms the ....

Back 66

Ciliary muscles

Front 67

The ______ allows light to enter the inner eye through the pupil.

Back 67

Iris

Front 68

The intermediate layer of the eye that absorbs light rays that are not detected by photoreceptors. Contains blood vessels that nourish the eye?

Back 68

Choroid

Front 69

Light enters the eye through here, the transparent part of the sclera at the front of the eye ?

Back 69

Cornea

Front 70

The eye has three layer, what are they?

Back 70

Sclera

Cornea

Choroid

Front 71

What are the four types of mechanoreceptors?

Back 71

Touch/pressure or pain

Hearing

Balance

Body position

Front 72

What are three types of chemoreceptors?

Back 72

Taste

Smell

Internal senses

Front 73

What are three types of chemoreceptors?

Back 73

Taste

Smell

Internal senses

Front 74

Human sensory receptors can be classified into four categories ...

Back 74

Photoreceptors

Chemoreceptors

Mehanoreceptors

Thermoreceptor

Front 75

Front (Term)

Back 75

Back (Definition)

Front 76

Front (Term)

Back 76

Back (Definition)

Front 77

Front (Term)

Back 77

Back (Definition)

Front 78

Front (Term)

Back 78

Back (Definition)

Front 79

Front (Term)

Back 79

Back (Definition)

Front 80

Front (Term)

Back 80

Back (Definition)

Front 81

Front (Term)

Back 81

Back (Definition)