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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify the general classes of sensory receptors based on receptor type and on stimulus modality. |
axon terminals CNS), cell body (dorsal root ganglion) and receptors (PNS) |
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what is a sensory receptor? |
responds to specific modality (type of receptor) called its adequate stimulus |
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types of sensory receptors? |
chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, nociceptors |
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what is a chemoreceptor? |
respond to chemical stimuli ex:oxygen, pH, odors, taste, etc |
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what is a mechanoreceptor? |
respond to mechanical stimuli ex- stretch, pressure, vibration, osmolarity, gravity, acceleration, sound |
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what is a thermoreceptor? |
warmth and cold |
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what is a photoreceptor? |
light |
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a nociceptor? |
pain, itch |
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what is modality? |
type of stimulus |
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Describe how information about a sensory stimulus is monitored and sent to the cerebral cortex. Include sensory receptor, adequate stimulus, stimulus threshold, receptor potential and labeled-line coding. |
-stimulus activates a receptor -generates a graded potential -generator or receptor potentials trigger action potentials -send to CNS -most pathways pass through thalamus on the way to cerebral cortex |
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what is threshold? |
minimum stimulus energy required to activate the receptor |
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what is sensory transduction? |
conversion of sensory stimuli to action potential |
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how is modality (type) of stimulus sent to CNS? |
labelled line coding |
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Explain how frequency and population coding identify and convey the intensity of the sensory stimulus to the cerebral cortex |
frequency coding- stimulus intensity is coded frequency by action potentials population coding- stimulus intensity coded by number of activated receptors |
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Describe tonic and phasic receptors and how they monitor stimulus duration and change. |
tonic receptors: -respond for a duration of stimulus change -slowly adapting phasic receptors: -respond to stimulus change -rapidly adapting |
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what does adapting mean? |
decrease in frequency of action potentials even though stimulus strength has not changed |
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Define and draw the receptive fields for primary and secondary sensory neurons with and without convergence **find pic in textbook??? wtf is this |
receptive field- region where a sensory neuron can sense a stimulus, particular region ofsensory space small receptive field: greatest precision for primary: receptive field at the bottom of a sensory neuron with the peripheral terminals |
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Describe and draw labeled-line coding for sensory stimulus localization from stimulus and sensory receptor to the cerebral cortex. look up ***wtf |
stimulus location- coded according to which receptors are activated labelled line coding: sends (modality) type of stimulus to the CNS -is between the receptor and location where signal arrives in cortex |
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Explain how the two-point discrimination test, sensitivity to touch, and secondary receptive fields are related. |
two point discrimination test-Two-point discrimination is the ability to discern that two nearby objects touching the skin are truly two distinct points, not one sensitivity to touch- small receptive fields have greatest presicion (sensitivity, acuity) secondary receptive fields-when multiple primary sensory neurons converge on a single secondary sensory neuron, their individual receptive fields merge |
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Describe how lateral inhibition aids in localizing a sensory stimulus. |
-increases contrast between receptive fields |
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what is primary sensory coding? |
stimuli converted to action potentials |
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if all action potentials are the same, how do you know what and where the stimulus is? |
Stimulus Modality–brain associates receptor typewith specific modality –labeled-line codiing Stimulus Location–site of stimulus receptor size of receptor fields, lateral inhibition Stimulus Intensity–greater frequency of action potentialsmeans stronger stimulus, also recruitment of neighbours Stimulus Duration–slowly adapting –duration of stimulusrapidly adapting -duration of change |
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