Sensory Berman Chapter 38 Agnes

Front 1

Sensory reception is the process of

Back 1

receiving stimuli or da

Front 2

External stimuli are

Back 2

visual ( sight), auditory ( hearing), olfactory ( smell), tactile ( touch), and gustatory ( taste - can be internal as well)

Front 3

Kinesthetic refers to

Back 3

awareness of the position and movement of body parts

Front 4

stereognosis

Back 4

the ability to perceive and understand an object through touch by its size, shape, and texture

Front 5

Visceral refers to

Back 5

any large organ within the body. Visceral organs may produce stimuli that make a person aware of them ( e. g., a full stomach)

Front 6

Sensory perception involves

Back 6

the conscious organization and translation of the data or stimuli into meaningful information

Front 7

Perception

Back 7

awareness and interpretation of stimuli, takes place in the brain, where specialized brain cells interpret the nature and quality of the sensory stimuli

Front 8

The client’s level of consciousness affects?

Back 8

the perception of the stimuli

Front 9

The reticular activating system ( RAS) in the brainstem is thought to

Back 9

mediate the arousal mechanism

Front 10

The RAS has two components

Back 10

the reticular excitatory area ( REA) and the reticular inhibitory area ( RIA)

Front 11

The REA is responsible for

Back 11

arousal and wakefulness

Front 12

Sensoristasis

Back 12

state in which a person is in optimal arousal.

Front 13

Awareness is the ability to

Back 13

perceive internal and external stimuli, and to respond appropriately through thought and action.

Front 14

Full consciousness description

Back 14

Alert; oriented to time, place, person; understands verbal and written words

Front 15

Disoriented description

Back 15

Not oriented to time, place, or person

Front 16

Confused description

Back 16

Reduced awareness, easily bewildered; poor memory, misinterprets stimuli; impaired judgment

Front 17

Somnolent description

Back 17

Extreme drowsiness but will respond to stimuli

Front 18

Semicomatose description

Back 18

Can be aroused by extreme or repeated stimuli

Front 19

Coma description

Back 19

Will not respond to verbal stimuli

Front 20

Factors Affecting Sensory Function

Back 20

- Developmental Stage
- Culture
- Stress
- Medications and Illness

Front 21

furosemide ( Lasix) affect which sensory function?

Back 21

auditory nerve - causing hearing loss; may be irreversible.

Front 22

Diseases of the inner ear can affect

Back 22

the kinesthetic sense.

Front 23

Sensory deprivation is

Back 23

decrease in or lack of meaningful stimuli.

Front 24

Sensory deprivation clinical manifestation

Back 24

Excessive yawning, drowsiness, sleeping
¦ Decreased attention span, difficulty concentrating, decreased problem solving
¦ Impaired memory
¦ Periodic disorientation, general confusion, or nocturnal confusion
¦ Preoccupation with somatic complaints, such as palpitations
¦ Hallucinations or delusions
¦ Crying, annoyance over small matters, depression
¦ Apathy, emotional lability

Front 25

Sensory overload

Back 25

occurs when a person is unable to process or manage the amount or intensity of sensory stimuli

Front 26

Three factors contribute to sensory overload:

Back 26

¦ Increased quantity or quality of internal stimuli, such as pain, dyspnea, or anxiety
¦ Increased quantity or quality of external stimuli,
¦ Inability to disregard stimuli selectively, perhaps as a result of nervous system disturbances or medications that stimulate the arousal mechanism

Front 27

Sensory overload clinical manifestation

Back 27

Complaints of fatigue, sleeplessness
¦ Irritability, anxiety, restlessness
¦ Periodic or general disorientation
¦ Reduced problem- solving ability and task performance
¦ Increased muscle tension
¦ Scattered attention and racing thoughts

Front 28

A sensory deficit is

Back 28

is impaired reception, perception, or both, of one or more of the senses.

Front 29

Blindness and deafness are sensory ?

Back 29

deficit

Front 30

Nursing assessment of sensory- perceptual functioning in-cludes six components:

Back 30

( a) nursing history,
( b) mental status examination, ( c) physical examination,
( d) identification of clients at risk,
( e) the client’s environment, and
( f) the client’s social support network.

Front 31

Visual acuity testing

Back 31

Snellen chart or other reading material such as a newspaper, and visual fields

Front 32

Hearing acuity testing

Back 32

observing the client’s conversation with others and by performing the whisper test and the Weber and Rinne tuning fork tests.
Nice to know: observing gives more information about hearing acuity

Front 33

Olfactory sense testing

Back 33

identifying specific aroma

Front 34

Gustatory sense testing

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identifying three tastes such as lemon, salt, and sugar

Front 35

Tactile sense testing

Back 35

ight touch, sharp and dull sensation, two- point discrimination, hot and cold sensation, vibration sense, position sense, and stereognosis

Front 36

outcome criteria for clients with sensory- perception alterations are

Back 36

- Prevent injury.
- Maintain the function of existing senses.
- Develop an effective communication mechanism.
- Prevent sensory overload or deprivation.
- Reduce social isolation. Perform activities of daily living ( ADLs) independently and safely.

Front 37

outcome criteria for clients with sensory- perception alterations are

Back 37

Prevent injury.
Maintain the function of existing senses.
Develop an effective communication mechanism. Prevent sensory overload or deprivation.
Reduce social isolation. Perform activities of daily living ( ADLs) independently and safely.

Front 38

For clients with impaired vision, nurses need to do

Back 38

- Orient the client to the arrangement of room
-Keep pathways clear and do not rearrange furniture without orienting the client.
- Organize self- care articles within the client’s reach and orient the client to his or her location.
-Keep the call light within easy reach and place the bed in the low position.
- Assist with ambulation by standing at the client’s side, walk-ing about 1 foot ahead, and allowing the person to grasp your arm.

Front 39

For clients with impaired vision, nurses need to do

Back 39

- Orient the client to the arrangement of room
-Keep pathways clear and do not rearrange furniture without orienting the client.
- Organize self- care articles within the client’s reach and orient the client to his or her location.
-Keep the call light within easy reach and place the bed in the low position.
- Assist with ambulation by standing at the client’s side, walk-ing about 1 foot ahead, and allowing the person to grasp your arm.

Front 40

The most common vision diseases affecting older adults are

Back 40

macular degeneration (leading cause), cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy.

Front 41

The most common vision diseases affecting older adults are

Back 41

macular degeneration (leading cause), cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy.

Front 42

Travoprost is an anti- glaucoma drug that

Back 42

decreases intraocular pressure in open- angle glaucoma.

Front 43

Travoprost is an anti- glaucoma drug that

Back 43

decreases intraocular pressure in open- angle glaucoma.

Front 44

acute open- angle glaucoma

Back 44

the anterior chamber angle remains open but drainage of the aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm is impaired. This causes a slow rise of the intraocular pressure. The eye’s drainage angle becomes less efficient as a person ages and the risk of developing chronic open- angle glaucoma increases.

Front 45

acute open- angle glaucoma

Back 45

the anterior chamber angle remains open but drainage of the aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm is impaired. This causes a slow rise of the intraocular pressure. The eye’s drainage angle becomes less efficient as a person ages and the risk of developing chronic open- angle glaucoma increases.

Front 46

acute closed- angle glaucoma

Back 46

the drainage angle narrows and closes or becomes blocked by the iris. The intraocular pressure can rise quickly and cause an acute attack.

Front 47

acute closed- angle glaucoma

Back 47

the drainage angle narrows and closes or becomes blocked by the iris. The intraocular pressure can rise quickly and cause an acute attack.

Front 48

Diseases and conditions that are more common in older adults and which also alter sensory perception are

Back 48

diabetes, strokes, and other neurologic disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.

Front 49

Diseases and conditions that are more common in older adults and which also alter sensory perception are

Back 49

diabetes, strokes, and other neurologic disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.

Front 50

Clients with an impaired sense of smell need to be taught about the dangers of

Back 50

cleaning and working with chemicals.

Front 51

Clients with an impaired sense of smell need to be taught about the dangers of

Back 51

cleaning and working with chemicals.

Front 52

difference between acute confusion (delirium) and chronic confusion ( dementia)

Back 52

-delirium has an abrupt onset and a cause that, when treated, reverses the confusion
- chronic confusion has symptoms that are gradual and irreversible

Front 53

difference between acute confusion (delirium) and chronic confusion ( dementia)

Back 53

-delirium has an abrupt onset and a cause that, when treated, reverses the confusion
- has symptoms that are gradual and irreversible