Senses

Front 1

sensation

Back 1

purpose to detect changes outside or inside the body, the basis for responses.

Front 2

sensory pathway

Back 2

pathway of impulses are receptors detect changes, sensory neurons transmit impulses, sensory tracts white matter in the CNS., sensory area in CNS.feels and interpret sensation.

Front 3

sensory location

Back 3

cerebral cortex/gray matter of the cerebral hemisphere.

Front 4

characteristics of sensations

Back 4

projection, intensity, contrast, adaption, after image.

Front 5

projection

Back 5

sensation seems to come from the area where receptors were stimulated.

Front 6

intesity

Back 6

the degree to which a sensation is felt (bright light-filled light).

Front 7

contrast

Back 7

the effect of a previous or simultaneous sensation on a current sensation.

Hint 7

jump in cold water on hot day

Front 8

adaption

Back 8

becoming unaware of a continuing stimulus (pool water temperature appears warmer).

Front 9

after image

Back 9

remaining aware of a sensation after the stimulus has stopped.(flash bulb image).

Front 10

cutaneous senses

Back 10

provide information about the environment and the skin itself. most receptors are in dermis.

Front 11

free nerve ending

Back 11

heat, cold, itch, pain.

Front 12

encapsulated nerve endings

Back 12

touch, pressure.

Front 13

sensory areas

Back 13

parietal lobes

Front 14

referred pain

Back 14

visceral pain that is felt as cutaneous pain, like arm pain with a heart attack.

Front 15

muscle sense

Back 15

knowing were your muscles are with out looking at them.

Hint 15

also called kinesthetic sense or proprioception.

Front 16

stretch receptors

Back 16

proprioceptors. detect stretching of muscles.

Hint 16

also called muscle spindles.

Front 17

sensory areas

Back 17

for conscious muscle sense parietal (conscious).

Front 18

cerebellum

Back 18

unconscious

Front 19

sense of taste

Back 19

taste buds on the tongue contain chemoreceptors.

Front 20

5 basic tastes

Back 20

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, savory .

Front 21

cranial nerves for taste

Back 21

facial 7th and glossopharyngeal.9th.

Front 22

taste areas

Back 22

parietal-temporal lobes.

Front 23

sense of smell

Back 23

upper nasal cavities contain chemoreceptors, olfactory receptors.

Front 24

olfactory area

Back 24

temporal lobes.

Front 25

hunger and thirst

Back 25

visceral sensation

Front 26

hunger

Back 26

receptors in the hypothalamus, projection to the stomach, adaption blood nutrients levels become stable as fat is used.

Front 27

thirst

Back 27

receptors in the hypothalamus, projection mouth and pharynx adaption none.

Front 28

eye

Back 28

eye lids and eye lashes keep dust out

Front 29

lacrimal. gland

Back 29

produce tears

Front 30

tear function

Back 30

keep eye moist , wash off surface , emotion.

Front 31

eye location

Back 31

is within the orbit of the skull,6 extrinsic muscles move the eyeball.

Front 32

cranial nerves

Back 32

oculomotor (3),trochlear. (4), abducens. (6).

Front 33

wall of eye 3 layers

Back 33

sclera, choroid, retina.

Front 34

sclera

Back 34

outer most layer, Fibrous connective tissue forms the white of the eye.

Front 35

conjunctiva

Back 35

lines the eye lid, covers the white of the eye and merges with the corneal epithelium.

Front 36

cornea

Back 36

transparent

Front 37

choroid. layer

Back 37

middle layer,dark blue pigment absorbs light, prevent glare.

Front 38

ciliary.body(muscle) and suspensory ligaments

Back 38

change shape of the lens, transparent, elastic protein refracts light.

Front 39

iris

Back 39

2 sets of smooth muscle fibers dilates. and contracts pupil.

Front 40

retina

Back 40

innermost layer contains rods and cones.

Front 41

rods

Back 41

detect presence of light ( black and white).

Front 42

cones

Back 42

detects colors

Front 43

fovea.

Back 43

in the center of the retina.

Front 44

optic disc

Back 44

site of optic nerve

Front 45

eye 2 cavities

Back 45

anterior and posterior

Front 46

posterior cavity

Back 46

between the lens and the retina vitreous. humor

Front 47

anterior cavity

Back 47

between the cornea and the lens aqueous. humor.

Front 48

physiology of vision

Back 48

light rays are refracted. and focused on the retina.

Front 49

nerve impulses

Back 49

optic nerve to visceral areas.

Front 50

what do sensory area do?

Back 50

feels and interprets sensations

Front 51

define neuropathy

Back 51

sensation -impairing damage to a nerve.

Front 52

what 2 systems does eye contain?

Back 52

receptors for vision, refracting. system that focuses light rays on the receptors in the retina.

Front 53

what 2 things do the eyelids contain?

Back 53

skeletal muscle to close eye, conjunctiva. thin membrane that lines the eyelid.

Front 54

what does cornea do?

Back 54

first layer of eye that refracts.light rays.

Front 55

cataract

Back 55

cloudiness of the normally transparent eye lens.

Front 56

risk factor for glaucoma

Back 56

increase in intraocular. pressure.

Front 57

nearsighted

Back 57

can see near but not distant objects.

Front 58

another name for nearsighted

Back 58

myopia.

Front 59

farsighted

Back 59

can see distant but not near objects.

Front 60

another name for farsighted

Back 60

hyperopia.

Front 61

what enables us to see?

Back 61

light rays must be focused on the retina, resulting nerve impulses must be Transmitted to visual areas of cerebral cortex.

Front 62

visual areas

Back 62

occipital lobes of the brain.

Front 63

refraction.

Back 63

bending of ray of light as it passes through one object into another object with a different density.

Front 64

ear receptors for

Back 64

hearing and equilibrium.

Front 65

3 parts of ear

Back 65

outer ear, middle ear, inner ear.

Front 66

where are receptors for hearing and equilibrium found?

Back 66

inner ear

Front 67

2 parts of outer ear

Back 67

Auricle (part we see) and ear canal.

Front 68

middle ear contains

Back 68

ear drum which vibrates when sound waves strike it.

Front 69

another name for ear drum

Back 69

tympanic.membrane

Front 70

where do eardrum vibrations go?

Back 70

are transmitted to the three auditory bones.

Front 71

3 auditory bones

Back 71

malleus, incus, stapes.

Front 72

Eustachian. tube

Back 72

allows air to enter or leave the middle ear cavity

Hint 72

so middle ear air pressure remains the same as external atmospheric pressure.ear popping.

Front 73

inner ear

Back 73

cavity within the temporal bone called the bony labyrinth.

Front 74

cochlea.control

Back 74

hearing

Front 75

3 ear structures

Back 75

relate to equilibrium, utricle, saccule, semicircular canals.

Front 76

fluid found in bony labyrinth

Back 76

perilymph (between bone and membrane).endolymph (either the membranes).

Front 77

types of deafness

Back 77

conduction deafness, nerve deafness, central deafness.

Front 78

conduction deafness

Back 78

impairment of one of the structures that transmits vibrations.

Front 79

nerve deafness

Back 79

impairment of the 8th cranial nerve

Front 80

central deafness

Back 80

damage to auditory areas in the temporal lobes.

Front 81

what may happen in old age?

Back 81

all senses may be diminished.

Front 82

organ of corti.

Back 82

receptor for hearing also called hair cells.