Senses

Front 1

detect changes and generate impulses. are usually very specific with respect to the kinds of changes they repsond to.

Back 1

receptors

Front 2

transmit impulses from receptors to the central nervous system. these sensory nuerons are found in both spinal nerves and cranial nerves, but each carries impulses from only one type of receptor

Back 2

sensory neurons

Front 3

white matter in the spinal cord or brain that transmits the impulses to a specific part of the brain

Back 3

sensory tracts

Front 4

most are in the cerebral cortex. these areas feel and interpret the sensations

Back 4

sensory area

Front 5

the sensation seems to come from the area where the receptors were stimulated

Back 5

projection

Front 6

after amputation of a limb you can still pain

Back 6

phantom pain

Front 7

some sensations are felt more distictley and to a greater degree than are others

Back 7

intensity

Front 8

the effect of a previous or simultaneous on a current sensation, which may then be exaggerated or diminished

Back 8

contrast

Front 9

becoming unaware of a continuing stimulus

Back 9

adaptation

Front 10

the sensation remains in the consciousness even after the stimulus has stopped

Back 10

after image

Front 11

the recetors for pain, heat and cold

Back 11

free nerve endings

Front 12

receptors for touch and pressure

Back 12

encapsulated nerve endings

Front 13

provide us with information about the external enviroment adn also about the skin

Back 13

cutaneous senses

Front 14

sensory ares for the skin are in the

Back 14

parietal lobes

Front 15

sensetivity of an area of skin is determined by

Back 15

number of receptors present

Front 16

free nerve endings are also found in

Back 16

internal organs

Front 17

sometimes pain that originates in an internal organ may be felt in a cutaneous are is called

Back 17

referred pain

Front 18

referred pain is a creation of the

Back 18

brain

Front 19

stretch receptors detect

Back 19

strethching and generate impulses

Front 20

muscle sense is important to

Back 20

coordination and walking

Front 21

conscious muscle sense is felt by the

Back 21

parietal lobes

Front 22

unconscious muscle sense is used by the

Back 22

cerebellum to coordinate voluntary movements

Front 23

the receptors for taste are found in

Back 23

taste buds

Front 24

most taste buds are found in the

Back 24

papillae on the tongue

Front 25

detect chemicals in solution the mouth

Back 25

chemorecptors

Front 26

four general types of taste receptors

Back 26

sweet, sour, salty, bitter

Front 27

the impulses from taste buds are transmitted by the

Back 27

facial and glossopharyngeal in the parietal-temporal cortex

Front 28

the receptors for smell that detect vapored chemicals that have been sniffed into the upper nasal cavities

Back 28

chemoreceptors

Front 29

when stimulated by vapor molecules generate impulses carried by the olfactory nerves through the ethhoid bone to the olfactory bulbs

Back 29

olfactory receptors

Front 30

moves the tongue is not related to taste

Back 30

hypoglossal

Front 31

hunger and thirst are called

Back 31

viseral sensations

Front 32

the receptors for both senses are specialized cell in the

Back 32

hypothalamus

Front 33

hunger is project to the _______ which contracts

Back 33

stomach

Front 34

thirst is projected to the _____ and _____ and less saliva is produced

Back 34

mouth and pharynx

Front 35

along the border of each eyelid help keep dust out of the eyes

Back 35

eye lashes

Front 36

eyelids are lined with a thin membrane called

Back 36

conjuctiva

Front 37

ofter caused by allergies and makes the eyes red, itchy, and watery

Back 37

conjuctivitis

Front 38

produced by the lacrimal gland

Back 38

tears

Front 39

located at the upper, outer corner of the eyeball, within the orbit

Back 39

lacrimal glands

Front 40

tears contain

Back 40

lysozyme

Front 41

an enzyme that inhibits the growth of most bacteria on the wet, warm surface of the eye

Back 41

lysozyme

Front 42

these ducts take tears to the

Back 42

lacrimal sac

Front 43

empties tears into the nasal cavity

Back 43

nasolacrimal duct

Front 44

at the medail corner of the eyelids are two small openings into the

Back 44

superior and inferior lacrimal canals

Front 45

most the eyeball is within and protected by the

Back 45

orbit

Front 46

attached to this bony socket and to the surface of the eyeball

Back 46

extrinsic muscles

Front 47

four rectus muscles that move the eyeball

Back 47

up and down or side to side

Front 48

2 oblique muscles that

Back 48

rotate the eye

Front 49

the 3 layers of the eyeball

Back 49

outer sclera, middle choroid layer and inner retina

Front 50

is the thickest layer and is made of fibrous connective tissue that is visible as the white of the eye

Back 50

sclera

Front 51

the most anterior portion it is transparnent and no capillaries

Back 51

cornea

Front 52

the cornea is the first part of the eye that _________, or bends, light rays

Back 52

refracts

Front 53

contains blood vessels and a dark blue pigment that absorbs light with the eyeball and thereby prevents glare

Back 53

choroid layer

Front 54

is a circular muslce that surronds the edge of the lens and is connected to the lens

Back 54

ciliary body

Front 55

ciliary body is connected to the lens by

Back 55

suspensory ligaments

Front 56

made of a transparent, elastic protein, and like the cornea has no capillaries

Back 56

lens

Front 57

enables the eye to focu light from objects are varying distances from the eye

Back 57

lens

Front 58

just in front of the lens, also the colored part of the eye

Back 58

iris

Front 59

pigment of the eye is a form of

Back 59

melanin

Front 60

the central opening of the eyeball

Back 60

pupil

Front 61

lines the posterior two-thirds of the eyeball and contains the visual reciptors, the rods and cones

Back 61

retina

Front 62

detect only the presense of light

Back 62

rods

Front 63

detect colors

Back 63

cones

Front 64

most abundant in the center of the retina

Back 64

cones

Front 65

directly behind the center of the lens

Back 65

macula lutea

Front 66

contains only cones, is a small depression in the macula and is the area for best color vision

Back 66

fovea

Front 67

neurons that carry out the impulses generated by the rods and cones

Back 67

ganglion neurons

Front 68

formed by the ganglion nuerons, transmits impulses from the retina to the brain

Back 68

optic nerve

Front 69

contain rhodopsin and detect the prescense of light

Back 69

rods

Front 70

the area o fhte retina where the optic nerve passes through; no rods or cones are present

Back 70

optic disc

Front 71

between the lens and the retina, contains vitreous humor

Back 71

posterior cavity

Front 72

between the cornea and the lens, contains aqueous humor

Back 72

anterior cavity

Front 73

the tissue fluid of the eye; nourishes the lens and cornea

Back 73

aqueous humor

Front 74

helps hold the retina in place

Back 74

vitreous humor

Front 75

small veins that reabsorb aqueous humor

Back 75

canal of schlemm

Front 76

light rays is the deflection or bending of a ray of light as it passes through on object and into another object of greater or lesser density

Back 76

refraction

Front 77

the only adjustable part of the refraction system

Back 77

lens

Front 78

chemical that breaks down to from scotopsin and reinal found in rods

Back 78

rhodopsin

Front 79

chemical reaction in the cones, also involving retinal, are brought about by different

Back 79

wavelengths of light

Front 80

three types of cones

Back 80

red-absorbing, blue-absorbing, and green-absorbing

Front 81

the visual areas are in the ______ of the _________________
part of brain

Back 81

occipital lobes, cerebral cortex

Front 82

for near vision the pupils __________ to bloak out peripheral light rays that would otherwise bulr the image

Back 82

constrict

Front 83

the eyes ____________ to keep the images on the corresponding parts of both retinas

Back 83

converge

Front 84

the ear contains the receptors for two senses

Back 84

hearing and equilibrium

Front 85

these receptors are found in the

Back 85

inner ear

Front 86

consists of the auricle and the ear canal

Back 86

outer ear

Front 87

made of cartilage covered with skin

Back 87

auricle or pinna

Front 88

lined with skin that contains cerminous glands

Back 88

ear canal

Front 89

tunnel into the temporal bone, curving slightly forward and down

Back 89

external auditory canal

Front 90

air filled cavity in the temporal bone

Back 90

middle ear

Front 91

stretched across the end of the ear canal and vibrates when sound waves strike it

Back 91

eardrum and tympanic membrane

Front 92

3 auditory bones

Back 92

malleus, incus, stapes

Front 93

stapes tranmits vibration to the fluid filled inner ear at the

Back 93

oval window

Front 94

entends from the middle ear to the nasopharynx and permits air to leave the middle ear cavity

Back 94

eustachian tube

Front 95

swallowing of yawning creates a _____ by opening the eustachian tubes and equalizing the air pressure

Back 95

pop

Front 96

the eustachain tubes of children are_____ and ________ and may prevent bacteria to spread from the pharynx to the middle ear.

Back 96

short, horizontal

Front 97

may be a complication of strep throat

Back 97

otitis media

Front 98

fluid found between bone and membrane

Back 98

perilymph

Front 99

fluid within the membranous structures of the inner ear

Back 99

emdolymph

Front 100

within the temporal bone cavity that is a maze

Back 100

bony labyrinth

Front 101

shaped like a snail shell with two and a half structral turns

Back 101

cochlea

Front 102

the structure in the cochlea of the inner ear that contains the receptors for hearing

Back 102

organ of corti

Front 103

following sequence for vibrations transmitted are

Back 103

eardrum, malleus, incus, stape, oval window of the inner ear, perilymph and endolymph with the cochlea, and hair cells of the organ of corti

Front 104

final structure of the hearing pathway

Back 104

round window

Front 105

a membranous sac in the vestible of the inner ear that contains receptors for static equilibrium

Back 105

utricle

Front 106

membranous sac in the vestibule of the inner ear that contains receptors for static equilibrium

Back 106

saccule

Front 107

a gelatinous membrane with tiny crystals of calcium carbonate

Back 107

otoliths

Front 108

fluid filled membranous ovals oriented in three different planes

Back 108

semicircular canals

Front 109

contains hair cells that are affected by movement

Back 109

ampulla

Front 110

the aorta and carotid arteeries contain receptors that detect changes in the blood

Back 110

arortic arch

Front 111

branches of the aortic arch that take blood through the neck on the way to the brain

Back 111

carotid arteries

Front 112

in the carotid sinuses and aoartic sinus detect changes in blood pressure

Back 112

pressoreceptors

Front 113

in the carotid bodies and the aortic body detect changes in the oxygen and carbon dioxide content, and the pH, of blood

Back 113

chemoreceptors

Front 114

sensory impulses are carried by the

Back 114

glossopharyngeal and vagus

Front 115

may increase the repirtory rate and the heart rate to obtain and circulate more oxygen

Back 115

medulla

Front 116

in which the central vision becomes impaired is major cause for people over 65

Back 116

macular degeneration

Front 117

after 60 damage to the hair cells in the

Back 117

organ of corti