Sen.semch7

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Progress

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over time life will improve

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Modernist thinking

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belief in progress and certainty of knowledge

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Certainty of knowledge

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by consistently accumulating knowledge, particularly knowledge that all or most people recognize as true after careful rational deliberation, our lives will progressively improve

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Emmanuel Levinas

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philosopher talking about self; he says that we should focus our attention on the other task ourselves whether we have been responsive to the others call

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The self

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arises out of our relations to others

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call of the other

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your understanding of ur Self depends , ur knowledge, and yur ability to act as a human being depend upon ur responsiveness to this call.

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the same

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explaining or containing the other within our personal p.o.v. or consciousness. this encourages us to act as if we know each other.

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The infinity of the other

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when we are not responsive to the other, we are not open to what we do not know. We can never know about this other. it calls our consciousness into question.

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Decentered self

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we focus our attention on the other an ask ourselves whether we have been responsive to the others call.

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ethical responsiveness to the infinity of the other

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requires setting aside the idea of interpersonal fairness, that the other should be responsive to us. When we are not ethically responsive to an other, we deny their humanity.

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Richard Rorty

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-rejects the idea that the truth is universal or unconditional, because people, he claims, simply do not act that way
-people act as if the truth varies for any number for reasons, such as differences between situations, special circumstances, or differences among the people involved

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justified truth

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discussions among people in which they present their individual justifications of truth for examination by others.

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Standards for justification

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criteria used to evaluate or test whether a statement is reasonable or valid

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Grand Narrative

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story that attempts to explain how everything fits together

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Michael Foucalt

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claims that the operation of power determines what a society considers legitimate. Knowledge and power are inseparable.

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Power

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practice that organizes relationships that create knowledge.

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power functions as a disciplinary force

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it determines what is recognized as knowledge and what is ignored or delegitimized.

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paradox of postmodernism

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postmodern attitude heightens a communicators sensitivity to ethical issues and her sense of responsibility to use communication to address those issues, while simultaneously discouraging communication action, because communicating will only perpetuate harms or create new ones.

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paradox

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special type of contradiction in which two ideas at the same time, but it is logically impossible for these two ideas to exist simultaneously.

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Dialogical moments

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moments f mutual understanding

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Martin Buber

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described dialogue as communication that creates an I-Thou relationship

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Monologue

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creates an I-It relationship

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I-Thou relationship

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person communicates with the other as a a Subject to respected and understood as an equal

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I-It relationship

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person communicates monologically, using an Other as an object to examined or as a means to achieve some goal other than mutual understanding

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Richard Johannesen

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describes dialogue as an attitude toward Others that is experienced in communication transactions that "best nurture and actualize each individual's capabilities and potentials, what ever they are".

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Presentness

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an attitude of focusing our attention on he immediate now of communication, rather than thinking about the past or the future.

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Tensional mutuality

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requires a recognition that the shared understanding of dialogue cannot exist without an Other, whose feelings and thoughts are different from your feelings and thoughts

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strange otherness

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requires that we not presume that we know or understand everything that an Other means because the other is familiar to us when the Other is a friend, co-worker, or conflict partner in a recurring conflict

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Authenticity

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dialogue in honesty in communicating who we are to an Other, while being genuinely open to understanding and acknowledging the Other.

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David Bohm

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interested in a dialogue as a practice of creative problem solving

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Dialouge as a practice of creative problem solving

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occurs when we use dialogue to live with the paradoxes and contradictions of our mutual problems. urges us to resist solving a paradox or contradiction too soon and, instead, spend time living with it.

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Holistic practice of ethical care

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Four phases
- recognizing the need for care (caring about)
-taking responsibility for the need and figuring out how to respond to it (taking care of)
-directly meeting the needs (caregiving)
-responding to an act of care (care receiving)

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attentive

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recognizing the needs of another person

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responsibility

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created by the existence of your relationship with the person in need. respond to that need with an act of care.

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Responsiveness

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being attentive to the care-receiver, including the care-receiver's viewpoint

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competent care

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providing good care that meets the needs of the care-receiver