Sensation & Perception - Chapter 5

Front 1

A viewpoint relative to an object that results in perception of an rarely encountered property of the object

Back 1

Accidental Viewpoint

Front 2

A procedure that is guaranteed to result in the solution to a problem. For example, the procedures we learn for addition, subtraction, and long division.

Back 2

Algorithm

Front 3

An illusion of movement that occurs between two objects separated in space when the objects are flashed rapidly on and off, one after another, separated by a brief time period

Back 3

Apparent Movement

Front 4

When the neural response to a stimulus is influenced by the context within which the stimulus occurs. This term has been used to refer to the situation in which a neuron's response is influenced by stimulation of an area outside its receptive field.

Back 4

Contextual Modulation

Front 5

Generally, the ability to ditinguish between one stimulus an another. In the recognition-by-components theory of object perception, this is a property of geons, whcih indicates that each geon can be distinguished from other geons from almost all viewpoints.

Back 5

Discriminability

Front 6

The perceptual separation of a figure from its background

Back 6

Figure-Ground Segregation

Front 7

The volumetric features of Biederman's recognition-by-components theory of object perception

Back 7

Geons

Front 8

An approach to psychology that focuses on developing principles of perceptual organization, proposing that "the whole differs from the sum of its parts."

Back 8

Gestalt Psychology

Front 9

The idea that a particular image on the retina could have been caused by an infinite number of different objects. Thus, the retinal image does not unabiguously specify a stimulus.

Back 9

Inverse Projection Problem

Front 10

In perception, a rule of thumb that provides a best guess estimate of the identity of a particular stimulus.

Back 10

Heuristic

Front 11

The assumption that light usually comes from above, which influences our perception of form in some situations.

Back 11

Light-from-above heuristic

Front 12

The idea proposed by Helmholtz that we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have perceived

Back 12

Likelihood principle

Front 13

A visual pattern that, when presented immediately after a visual stimulus, decreases a person's ability to preceive the stimulus. This stops the persistence of vision and therefore limits the effective duration of the stimulus.

Back 13

Masking stimulus

Front 14

Properties of edges in the retinal image that correspond to the properties of edges in the three-dimnestional environment. For example, one of these of a rectangular solid is three parallel edges. These are visible from most viewpoints.

Back 14

Non-accidental properties

Front 15

Enhanced sensisity to vertiacally and horizontally oriented visual stimuli. This effect has been demonstrated by measureing bothe perception and neural responding.

Back 15

Oblique effect

Front 16

Regularly occuring physical properties of the envrionment. For example, there are more vertical and horizontal orientation in the environment than angled orientations. Also light-from-above heuristic is an example of this.

Back 16

Regularities

Front 17

A principle of the recognition-by-components model that states that we can rapidly and correctly identify an object if we can perceive its individual geons

Back 17

Componential Recovery

Front 18

Aspect of objects that have properties that don't change when viewed from different angles.

Back 18

Viewpoint Invariance

Front 19

The idea proposed by Helmholtz that some of our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions that we make about the environment.

Back 19

Theory of unconscious inference

Front 20

The approach to psychology that postulated that perceptions result from the summation of many elementay sensations

Back 20

Structuralism

Front 21

Elementary elements that, according to the structuralists, combine to create perceptions

Back 21

Sensations

Front 22

Characteristics associated with the function carried out in different types of scenes.

Back 22

Semantic Regularities

Front 23

A view of a realworld environment that contains background elements and multiple objects that are organized in a meaningful way relative to eaach other and the background.

Back 23

Scene

Front 24

A figure-ground pattern that perceptually reverses as it is viewed, so that the figure becomes the ground and the ground becomes the figure.

Back 24

Reversible figure-ground

Front 25

Characteristics of the environment that occur regularly and in many different situations

Back 25

Regularities