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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the difference between sensation and perception? |
Sensation is the detection of simple properties of object reaching our sensory system, such as colour, depth, shape etc. Perception is to make sense of these properties, to recognise objects, their location, their movement, and their backgrounds. |
T-t-t-touch me I wanna be dirty |
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Where does the 'real hearing' happen in the ear? |
In the middle and inner ear sections |
It's not in the canal |
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Describe the cochlea |
A long, coiled, fluid filled tube with an internal membrane running almost to its tips (inner ear) |
Snail shell |
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What is the basilar membrane? |
A stiff structural element inside the inner ear that vibrates in response to pressure created by the bones of the middle ear, received at the oval window. |
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What is transduction? |
The process by which 'physical' energy or stimulation of some description is converted into neural information |
Energy converted |
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Explain the process of audition |
1. Sound waves enter through the ear canal 2. They stretch/vibrate the tympanic membrane (eardrum) 3. The movement of the eardrum moves the small bones in the middle ear 4. Vibration is carried over to the oval window of the inner ear (cochlea) 5. Causes the basilar membrane of the cochlea to vibrate 6. The fluid inside the cochlea is displaced. The hair cells are displaced, leading to transduction and action potentials in afferent neurons 7. Axons collectively form the auditory nerve synapse at the cochlea nucleus in the medulla of the brain stem |
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What do high frequencies cause? |
Only the end of the basilar membrane near the base of the cochlea to vibrate |
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What do low frequencies cause? |
Vibrations to occur along a greater distance of the basilar membrane and closer to the apex |
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What is the organ of corti? |
It is an auditory receptor organ that is the sensitive element in the inner ear and can be thought of as the body's microphone. It is situated on the basilar membrane in one of the three compartments of the cochlea. |
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How many hair cells are distributed along the basilar membrane? |
16,000 - 20,000 |
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Explain the process of sensory encoding (use hint to find out wtf is happening). |
Reception: Specialised cells called receptor neurons absorb physical energy Transduction: Physical energy is converted into electrochemical energy represented by the firing pattern of different neurons Coding: Each receptor is specialised to absorb and transducer on one kind of energy Awareness: When the stimuli are processed in the brain, we become aware of them. We recognise the object, activity, person etc. |
Reception, transduction, coding, awareness |
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Taste signals travel along a neural pathway from the tongue to which regions of the brain? |
The solitary nucleus, primary gustory cortex, and secondary gustatory cortex |
More than one |
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Explain the process of gustation |
Taste receptors are stimulated, transduction is started, chemical properties of the molecules of the food determine the nature of the taste sensation, different molecules stimulate different types of receptor, the taste signal then travels along a neural pathway from the tongue to the solitary nucleus, primary gustatory cortex and secondary gustatory cortex. |
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Reception cells send signals to the brain via... |
Cranial nerves, vagus nerve and facial nerves |
Nerves |
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Where is the primary taste area in the brain located? |
The insula and parietal cortex |
The ursula and parent cortex |
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What sense is related to the olfactory system? |
Sense of smell |
Stinky |
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What is the name of the inability to smell odors? |
Anosmia |
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Where are the olfactory receptor cells located? |
The upper part of the nostrils, covered by a layer of mucus-covered tissue. Their dendrites are located in the nasal passages and their axons continue to the olfactory bulbs. |
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What stimulates the receptors in the nasal passage? |
Airborne odours (chemicals) |
We're SOARING we're FLYING |
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Which area is considered to be the primary olfactory cortex? |
Piriform cortex |
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Which structures do each olfactory tract project to? |
Several structures of the medial temporal lobe, such as the amygdala and piriform cortex |
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What can radically dimished or distorted sense of smell accomanyp |
Eating disorders, psychotic disorders, diabetes, and Alzheimer's |
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What are sensations from the body called? |
Somatosensations |
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What are the three subsystems of the somatosensory system |
Extericeptive system, interoceptive system, and proprioceptive system. |
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What does the exteroceptive system do? |
Senses external stimuli applied to the skin (touch, temp, pain) |
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What does the interoceptive system do? |
Provides information about inside the body such as internal temperature, blood pressure, feeling of pain or discomfort in the body |
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What does the proprioceptive system do? |
Monitors information about the position of the body that comes from muscles, joints and organ of balance |
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What is the vestiibular sense? |
Sense of balance |
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What does the primary sensory cortex do? |
Processes basic stimulus features such as volume, pitch, shape etc |
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What does the association cortex do? |
Conducts further processing on sensory stimuli e.g stimulus recognition |
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