Sensation And Perception Test 3

Front 1

tube that runs from mouth to inner ear that balances pressure

Back 1

Eustachian tube

Front 2

hair cells move in a way that is inconsistent with incoming sound. This is done to modify the incoming sound.
o basilar membrane has 4 rows. 1 row afferent 1 efferent. can tune in sounds that it needs to. old people have shitty __________

Back 2

fast motility

Front 3

20-1000 HZ

Back 3

frequency

Front 4

1k-4k hz

Back 4

volley

Front 5

4k-20k hz

Back 5

place mechanisms

Front 6

localizing sound and telling where sound is coming from

Back 6

auditory localization

Front 7

age related hearing loss

Back 7

presbycusis

Front 8

inflammation of the inner ear caused by a virus

Back 8

viral labrynthitis

Front 9

ringing of the ears

Back 9

tinnitus

Front 10

fluid buildup in the cochlea; influences balance system in the inner ear

Back 10

Meniere's disease

Front 11

middle ear infection caused by buildup behind the ear drum.

Back 11

otitis media

Front 12

caused by problems with the little bones in the ear.

Back 12

conduction hearing loss

Front 13

caused by problems with the cochlea.

Back 13

sensorineural hearing loss

Front 14

ear poisoning. damage to ear due to drugs or chemicals

Back 14

ototoxicity

Front 15

sound is transferred to a receiver that transfers the sound to an impulse.

Back 15

cochlear implants

Front 16

Discoordination of visual input and vestibular input. If something is moving in a way not consistent with visual information, disorientation and nausea occurs (the two systems are not consistent with each other).

Back 16

motion sickness

Front 17

responsible for balance and orientation in space.

Back 17

vestibular system

Front 18

on top of cochlea and semicircular canals.

Back 18

vestibule (saccule, utricle)

Front 19

responds to side to side

Back 19

saccule

Front 20

responds to up and down

Back 20

utricle

Front 21

part of the vestibular system that signal angular rotation and turning. They do this by being tubes filled with lymph fluid that rotates and depresses hair cells at the base when you spin.

Back 21

semicircular canals

Front 22

involuntary and unintentional jittery eye movement

Back 22

nystagmus

Front 23

for example, someone beside you going backward, but it feels like ur moving forward. Ur visual senses stimulating ur vestibular part.

Back 23

Self-vection

Front 24

a cat landing on its feet when thrown in air

Back 24

air righting reflex

Front 25

calcium carbonate clumps(otoliths) and gets stuck in the semicircular canals causing stimulation of the cupula (hair cells) at the end of the semicircular canal in 1 direction and causes vertigo

Back 25

benign paroxysmal vertigo

Front 26

outermost layer of the epidermis made up of dead cells

Back 26

stratum corneum

Front 27

semipermeable: 60-70% of the material put onto the skin goes into systems. Largest organ in the body (16% of total body weight); avascular, replaces itself every 15-30 days; interconvertible (dermis causes epidermis to differntiate according to the needed cellular environment).

Back 27

epidermis

Front 28

where the mechanical receptors are. They signal mechanical definition of ur skin; respond to specific stimuli. they are spaced and sized strategically.

Back 28

dermis

Front 29

would respond if tap on skin; has layers like an onion.

Back 29

Meissner corpuscle

Front 30

responds to deep stimulation in skin.

Back 30

pacinian corpuscle

Front 31

hold fats and blood vessels in the hyperdermis (bottom layer of skin)

Back 31

subcutaneous fat layers

Front 32

Input (afferent system) to the nervous system is in the form of our five senses: touch/pain, vision, taste, smell, and hearing. Pain, temperature, and pressure are known as somatic senses. Sensory receptors are classified according to the type of energy they can detect and respond to.
o Mechanoreceptors: hearing and balance, stretching.

Back 32

somatosensory receptors

Front 33

pain pathway; smaller

Back 33

spinothalamic pathway

Front 34

biggest; best place to put accupuncture needles

Back 34

lemniscal pathway

Front 35

carry info to the brain through dorsal root

Back 35

afferent

Front 36

carry info away from the brain through the ventral root to the effector (muscle)

Back 36

efferent

Front 37

anterior root. allows motor neurons to exit spinal cord

Back 37

ventral root

Front 38

posterior root. allows sensory neurons to enter spinal cord.

Back 38

dorsal root

Front 39

_____ (post-in back) and _____ (pre-in front) are the strips on each side of the brain that process higher-order sensory and motor information.

Back 39

somatosensory vs. motor cortex

Front 40

pictorial represenstation that demonstrates how areas are magnified according to use.

Back 40

homunculus

Front 41

if too much information is traveling down the nerve, the spinal cord inhibits further information; called substantia gelatinosa.
o if overwhelmed, the signals aren't informational anymore.
o this is a major way the nervous system controls pain.

Back 41

gate control mechanism

Front 42

free rod nerve endings that respond to tissue damage.

Back 42

nociceptors

Front 43

lack of nociceptors (do not feel pain). Loss of pain and temperature sensitivity while retaining cutaneous sensitivity.

Back 43

familial dysautonomia

Front 44

opiates, nociceptors, refered pain(internal organs hurt becuase of surface.

Back 44

pain (including referred)

Front 45

helps with regulating body temperature (sweating is continuous= insensible perspiration. Then blood flow changes (more blood in skin= heat loss; less blood= saved heat). May release phermones in response to emotions.

Back 45

apocrine glands

Front 46

make the oil of the skin (keratin protein).

Back 46

sebaceous glands

Front 47

tissue made up of mainly fat cells such as the yellow layer of fat beneath the skin.

Back 47

adipose

Front 48

hairy skin

Back 48

hirsute

Front 49

no hair on skin

Back 49

glabrous

Front 50

skin cancer caused by irregular melanocytes. The melanocytes will have irregular borders and a purplish appearance.

Back 50

melanoma

Front 51

big white patches of skin caused by disfunction of melanocytes.

Back 51

vitiligo

Front 52

painful area of skin (______ infected) caused by herpes infection of a dorsal root

Back 52

dermatone (shingles)

Front 53

area of skin served by one afferent nerve

Back 53

dermatome

Front 54

using two points close together on someone's skin, slowly moving them apart until the person can distinguish two separate points. A measurement is taken and this is their threshold.

Back 54

two point thresholds

Front 55

disorder affecting the upper layers of the skin, which can be the result of allergic or non-allergic factors.

Back 55

dermatitis

Front 56

recall the monkey experiment in which the monkey who did not have a cuddly "mother" turned out to be psychotic. therefore, touch is important in order to grow up properly. its also why massages are so good.

Back 56

therapeutic touch

Front 57

"drooping eyelid". caused by weakness of muscle responsible for raising eyelid

Back 57

ptosis

Front 58

skin allergy caused by an autoimmune reaction to the environment.

Back 58

eczema

Front 59

effect caused by a subject's belief that the treatment will work. Ex: blood pressure meds; the subject believes the med will lower their BP and their blood pressure lowers. Effect is not due to the actual treatment.

Back 59

placebo effects