Sensation And Perception Test 2

Front 1

Accidental viewpoint

Back 1

a rare view of an object that conceals a defining geon

Front 2

apparent movement

Back 2

the illusion of movement

Front 3

bayesian inference

Back 3

statistical/logical analysis to determine what object caused an image on the retina

Front 4

binocular rivalry

Back 4

if two conflicting images are shown to each eye, the images will be perceived as alternating as the eyes compete for view

Front 5

border ownership

Back 5

when figure and ground share a boundary, the boundary is always seen as belonging to the figure

Front 6

contextual modulation

Back 6

the context of a stimulus helps determine the firing rate in response to the stimulus

Front 7

discriminability

Back 7

each geon can be discriminated from other geons

Front 8

figure

Back 8

an object that is separate from its background

Front 9

figure-ground segregation

Back 9

the problem of how to distinguish an object from its background

Front 10

geons

Back 10

geometric "ions," forms that can combine to form any other form

Front 11

Gestalt psychologist

Back 11

a perception cannot be explained as sum of its parts

Front 12

gist of a scene

Back 12

general description of a scene that can be give after a brief exposure to it

Front 13

global image features

Back 13

information from a scene that can be perceived rapidly and are associated with a specific type of scene

Front 14

ground

Back 14

background of an object

Front 15

heuristic

Back 15

uses rules of thumb rather than clearly defined laws

Front 16

illusory contour

Back 16

contours/edges created by the mind connecting two objects

Front 17

inverse projection problem

Back 17

the same image on the retina can be created by views of many different objects at different angles

Front 18

law of common fate

Back 18

things that are moving in the same direction tend to be grouped together

Front 19

law of familiarity

Back 19

things that form familiar or meaningful patterns tend to be grouped together

Front 20

law of good continuation

Back 20

points that, when connected, result in straight or smoothly curved lines are send as belonging together in such a way as to create the smoothest path

Front 21

oblique effect

Back 21

people can perceive horizontals and verticals more easily than oblique orientations

Front 22

persistence of vision

Back 22

the perception of a stimulus persists for ~250 ms after the stimulus is removed unless masked

Front 23

law of pragnanz

Back 23

aka, law of good figure, law of simplicity, every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible

Front 24

law of proximity

Back 24

things that are near to each other tend to be perceptually grouped together

Front 25

law of similarity

Back 25

similar objects appear to be grouped together

Front 26

physical regularities

Back 26

properties of the environment that are regular/common (vertical/horizontal)

Front 27

light from above heuristic

Back 27

people usually assume light is coming from above

Front 28

likelihood principle

Back 28

we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern we have received

Front 29

masking stimulus

Back 29

a stimulus used to stop persistence of vision

Front 30

non-accidental properties (NAPs)

Back 30

properties of edges in the retinal image that correspond to the edges in 3D space

Front 31

principle of common region

Back 31

elements within the same spatial region are usually grouped together perceptually

Front 32

principle of componential recovery

Back 32

the ability to identify an object if we can identify its geons

Front 33

principle of synchrony

Back 33

visual events that occur at the same time are perceived as a single unit

Front 34

semantic regularities

Back 34

characteristics associated with functions carried out in different types of scenes (ie. weight in a gym)

Front 35

structuralism

Back 35

we perceive objects through the combination of parts, disproved by the Gestalts

Front 36

theory of unconscious inference

Back 36

some of our perceptions are the result of assumptions we make about the environment

Front 37

viewpoint invariance

Back 37

we can recognize that several views are from the same object