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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
synesthesia |
the perceptual experience of one sense that is evoked by another |
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sensation |
simple stimulation of a sense organ |
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perception |
the organisation, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in order to form a mental representation |
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transduction |
what takes place when many sensors in the body convert physical signals from the environment into encoded neural signals sent to the central nervous system |
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psychophysics |
methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer's sensitivity to that stimulus |
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absolute threshold |
the minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus |
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just noticeable difference (JND) |
the minimal change in a stimulus that can barely be detected |
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weber's law |
the just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion despite variations in intensity |
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signal detection theory |
an observation that the response to a stimulus depends both on a person's sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person's response criterion |
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sensory adaptation |
sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions |
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visual acuity |
the ability to see fine detail |
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retina |
light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eyeball |
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accommodation |
the process by which the eye maintains a clear image on the retina |
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cones |
photoreceptors that detect colour, operate under normal daylight conditions and allows us to focus on fine detail |
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rods |
photoreceptors that become active under low-light conditions for night vision |
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fovea |
area of the retina where vision is the clearest and there are no rods at all |
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blind spot |
location in the visual field that produces no sensation on the retina bc the corresponding area of the retina contains neither rods nor comes and therefore has no mechanism to see light |
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receptive field |
region of the sensory surface that, when stimulated, causes a change in the firing of that neuron |
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trichromatic colour representation |
pattern of responding across the three types of cones that provides a unique code for each colour |
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colour-opponent system |
pairs of visual neurons that work in opposition |
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area V1 |
part of the occipital lobe that contains the primary visual cortex |
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visual-form agnosia |
the inability to recognise objects by sight |
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binding problem |
how features are linked together so that we see unified objects in our visual world rather than free-floating or mis-combined features |
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illusory conjunction |
a perceptual mistake where features from multiple objects are incorrectly combined |
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feature integration theory |
idea that focused attention is not required to detect the individual feature that comprise a stimulus but IS required to bind those individual features together |
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perceptual constancy |
perceptual principle stating that even as aspects of sensory signals change, perception remains consistent |
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template |
mental representation that can be directly compared to a viewed shape in the retinal image |
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monocular depth cues |
aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when viewed with only one eye |
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binocular disparity |
difference in the retinal images of the 2 eyes that provides information about depth |
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apparent motion |
perception of movement as a result of alternating signals appearing in rapid succession in different locations |
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change blindness |
when people fail to detect changes to the visual details of a scene |
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inattentional blindness |
failure to perceive objects that are not the focus of attention |
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pitch |
how high/low a sound is |
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loudness |
a sound's intensity |
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timbre |
a listener's experience of sound quality or resonance |
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cochlea |
fluid-filled tube that is the organ of auditory transduction |
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basilar membrane |
structure in the inner ear that undulates when vibrations from the ossicles reach the cochlear fluid |
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hair cells |
specialised auditory reception neurons embedded in the basilar membrane |
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area A1 |
portion of the temporal lobe that contains the primary auditory cortex |
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place code |
the cochlea encodes different frequencies at different locations among the Basilar membrane |
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temporal code |
the cochlea registers low frequencies via the firing rate of action potentials entering the auditory nerve |
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haptic perception |
the active exploration of the environment by touching and grasping objects w/ our hands |
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referred pain |
feeling of pain when sensory information from internal and external areas converged on the same nerve cells in the spinal cord |
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gate-control theory |
theory of pain perception based on the idea that signals arriving from pain receptors in the body can be stopped, or gated, by interneurons in the spinal cord via feedback from 2 directions |
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vestibular system |
3 fluid filled semicircular canals and adjacent organs located next 2 the cochlea in each inner ear |
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olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) |
receptor cells that initiate the sense of smell |
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olfactory bulb |
brain structure located above the nasal cavity beneath the frontal lobes |
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pheromones |
biochemical odourants emitted by other members of its species that can affect an animal's behaviour or physiology |
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taste buds |
the organ of taste transduction |
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Stop |
Pls |