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1322 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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A brown discoloration of the placenta with meconium in it, may indicate what?
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Foal May Have Had A Low Oxygen Supply During Birth
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B - AYHC 940-4
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A colt is considered a cryptorchid if its testes have not descended by what age?
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15 Months
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B - EVANS, TH2 387
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A positive diagnosis of what problem can be made if the vas deferens does not pass through the inguinal canal?
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Cryptorchid Or Ridgling
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B - EVANS, TH2 387
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A single injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone usually causes what?
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Ovulation In Mare
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B - EVANS, TH2 408
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Abortion is defined as the expulsion of the fetus at how many days of gestation?
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Prior To 300 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 425
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After collecting semen from a stallion, what temperature does it have to be held at in the incubator or water bath?
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100 Degrees Fahrenheit
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B - EVANS, TH2 378
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Approximately how long before foaling is it when the udder becomes distended?
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2 - 6 Weeks
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B - EVANS, TH2 417
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Approximately how many days does it take the fertilized ovum to migrate to the uterus?
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Six
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B - EVANS, TH2 340
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Approximately how many days longer is a mule fetus carried than a horse fetus?
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10 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 226
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At what age do the mare's reproductive abilities start to decrease?
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After 16 Years
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B - AYHC 940-1
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At what age does the average filly reach puberty?
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12 - 15 Months
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B - EVANS, TH2 322
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At what age does the mature ovary reaches its maximum size in the mare?
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3 - 4 Years Old
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B - EVANS, TH2 317
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At what stage of pregnancy do the mare's nutritional needs increase?
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Last 3 Months Of Gestation
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B - AYHC 940-2
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At what time do most mares foal?
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Between 7 Pm & 7 Am
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B - AYHC 940-4
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Blood type is an example of which gene action?
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Co-Dominance
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B - AYHC 1020-
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Brood mares can be protected against rhinopneumonitis by immunization with an inactive vaccine during which months of pregnancy?
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Third, Fifth, Seventh & Ninth
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B - AYHC 940-2
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Colostrum contains a high level of immunoglobulins, why are these important to the foal?
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Foals Are Born With No Protection From Diseases, Immunoglobulins Are Antibodies To Protect The Foal Against Disease
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B - AYHC 940-3
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Colostrum is secreted during which period post-parturition?
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First 24 - 28 Hours
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B - AYHC 950-2
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Colts are usually carried about how much longer than fillies during gestation?
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2 - 7 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 373
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Conception rates are highest when the mares are bred when?
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1 - 2 Days Prior To Ovulation
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B - AYHC 930-1
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Convulsive syndrome is a nervous disorder resulting from circulatory dysfunction when the brain undergoes a period when the foal fails to receive sufficient oxygen. Name 2 common causes of this problem.
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Premature Separation Of Placenta From Uterus & Premature Separation Of Umbilical Cord
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B - EVANS, TH2 428
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Define dystocia then name & describe 2 different types.
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Dystocia-Any Foaling Problem That Prevents Normal Delivery Of A Foal. Fetal - Malposition &/Or Malformation That Makes It Impossible For A Normal Presentation, Maternal - Failure Of Uterine Muscles/Uterine Torsion Or Other Pelvic Problems
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B - EVANS, TH2 423
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Define the term seasonally polyestrus.
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Reproductive Habits Of The Mare In Which She Undergoes Multiple Estrous Cycles Only During A Circumscribed Portion Of The Year
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B - AYHC 910-5
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Describe 2 methods of estrous manipulation.
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Photostimulation (Artificial Lighting During Winter Months That Results In Earlier That Normal Initiation Of A Mare's Estrus,) Hormonal/Endocrine Control (Using Hormones To Control The Mare's Reproductive Cycles)
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B - EVANS, TH2 337
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Describe 3 processes that must take place in an embryo transfer.
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Fertilization & Conception In Donor Mare Occurs, Fert. Embryo Is Taken From The Donor Mare, Fert. Embryo Is Placed In Recipient Mare, Recipient Mare Carries Fetus To Full Term, Recipient Mare Give Birth
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B - EVANS, TH2 411
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Describe 4 measurements that determine the quality of a stallion's sperm.
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Number Of Motile Sperm, Number Of Sperm Per Milliliter, Volume Of Ejaculation, Shape & Structure Of Sperm, Morphology (# Of Live) Of Sperm
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B - EVANS, TH2
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Describe a teasing mill used to detect mares in estrus.
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Special Pen For The Stallion Surrounded By Individual Pens For Individual Mares That Are Being Teased
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B - EVANS, TH2 329
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Describe the difference between congenital & inherited defects.
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Congenital-Defect Recognizable At Birth, Inherited-Defect That Is Genetic In Origin (Not Always Visible At Birth)
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B - AYHC 1060-
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Describe the difference between heterozygous & homozygous genes.
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Heterozygous-Genes Are Not Identical (2 Different Paired Genes), Homozygous-Paired Genes Are Identical
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B - EVANS, TH2 451
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Describe the difference between unilateral & bilateral cryptorchidism in horses.
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Unilateral-One Testicle Is Retained In Body Cavity, Bilateral- Both Testicles Retained In Body Cavity
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B - AYHC 920-1
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Diarrhea is a common problem of foals, but a squirting type of diarrhea can dehydrate a foal & lead to death within what amount of time?
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Within Hours
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B - EVANS, TH2 428
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During gestation, when would the marked shrinkage of the muscles in the croup area occur?
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7 - 10 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 417
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During parturition, what happens at the end of stage one that prepares the birth canal for the delivery of the foal?
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Rupture Of The Water Bag (Chorion Or Chorio-Allantoic Membrane)
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B - AYHC 940-4
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During the first 3 months after foaling, a mare will produce how much milk per their body weight?
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Up To 3% Of Their Body Weight
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B - AYHC 750-7
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During the third trimester of gestation, a mare has specific increases in which 5 nutrients?
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Energy Nutrients, Protein, Calcium, Phosphorus, & Vitamin A
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B - AYHC 940-3
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During what stage of the mare's estrous cycle is the mare receptive to the stallion? Spell your answer
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E S T R U S
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B - AYHC I226
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Early breaking of the umbilical cord may deny the foal a significant amount of blood, how much of the fetal blood supply could be lacking?
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Up To 30% Of The Total Blood Supply
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B - AYHC 940-4
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Fetal development is greatest during the third trimester but most of the body weight gained during pregnancy occurs when?
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Second Trimester
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B - AYHC 940-2
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Genetic defects are sometimes characterized based on the lethality of the trait that is involved. Name the 3 types of lethals & Give an example of each.
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True Lethal -- Lethal White Foal Syndrome, Lethal Dominant Roan, Delayed Lethal -- Cerebellular Abiotrophy, Cleft Palate, Partial Lethal -- Parrot Mouth, Umbilical Hernia, Poor Limb Formation
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B - AYHC 1060-
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Give 2 good reasons for having a mare's immunizations up-to-date prior to foaling.
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Higher Concentration Of Antibodies To Foal Through Colostrum, Antibodies Protect Foal From Disease
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B - EVANS, TH2
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|
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Give 4 examples of simply inherited lethal traits.
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Cid, Neonatal Isoerythrolysis, Hemophilia, Lethal White, White Foal Syndrome, Lethal Dominant Roan
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B - EVANS, TH2 511
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Give 4 reasons why a foal fails to receive passive immunities from its dam.
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Failure To Receive Enough Colostrum, Premature Lactation Of Mare, Failure To Absorb Antibodies, Low Immunoglobulin In Colostrum
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B - EVANS, TH2 429
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Give one reason why you would give your mare human chorionic gonadotropin.
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Stimulate Ovulation With 48 Hours Or To Hasten Or Ensure Ovulation
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B - AYHC 930-4
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Horses have 33 different chromosome strings, the X & Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes, what are the other ones called?
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Autosomes
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B - AYHC 1060-
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How does the length of daylight hours affect the breeding season & the reproductive response of the stallion & the mare?
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Longer Daylight Hours (16 Hr.) Stimulate The Reproductive Systems, Shorter Hours Suppresses & Decreases Hormones Needed For Reproduction
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B - AYHC 920-3
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How long after parturition is it before the placenta is passed?
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10 - 15 Minutes
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B - EVANS, TH2 423
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How long can semen be stored in a refrigerator prior to its use for AI?
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Up To 24 Hours
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B - EVANS, TH2 382
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How long does an ovum live after ovulation if pregnancy does not occur?
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12 - 24 Hours
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B - EVANS, TH2 396
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How long does estrus period usually last in a mares?
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5 - 7 Days
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B - AYHC 910-5
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How long does it take after castration before all spermatozoa in ejaculations to be nonmotile & pregnancy is unlikely to occur?
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7 - 8 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 387
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How long does it take for spermatogenesis & epididymal maturation, after a stallion has had an elevated testicular temperature following trauma or illness?
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Approximately 65 Days
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B - AYHC 920-5
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How long does it take for the fertilized ovum to reach the uterus?
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6 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 340
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How long does it take for the foal's immune system to become functional & to be able to produce significant levels of antibodies to guard against diseases?
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2 - 4 Months
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B - AYHC 950-2
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How long does it take the fertilized ovum to migrate to the uterus?
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6 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 340
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How long does it usually take a foal to nurse after parturition?
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About 2 Hours
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B - AYHC 950-1
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How long does the stallion semen last in the mare's reproductive tract after ejaculation?
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Usually 48 Hours But Can Last Up To 5 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 396
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How long is the average mare's estrous cycle?
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Usually 21 - 23 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 323
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|
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How long will sperm survive?
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24 - 30 Hours After Ejaculation
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B - EVANS, TH2
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How many artificial light exposures does it take before 50% of the mares will respond by having estrous cycles earlier in the year?
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40 - 100 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 408
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How many chromosomes are responsible for the sex of the foal?
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One Pair
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B - EVANS, TH2 461
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|
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How many chromosomes do horses have?
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64 Or 32 Pairs
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B - EVANS, TH2 449
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How may bacteria enter the foal's blood system?
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Via The Umbilical Cord
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B - EVANS, TH2 595
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How often can a stallion's semen be collected without interfering with the stallion's ability to produce sperm?
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Up To 3 Times Daily For Short Periods
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B - AYHC 920
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How should the navel cord of a newborn foal be treated?
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Navel Cord Should Be Dipped In A Tincture Of Iodine (Metaphen, Merthiolate, Iodine & Glycerine)
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B - EVANS, TH2 427
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How soon after ovulation can pregnancy be diagnosed by ultrasound?
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11 - 14 Days
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B - EVANS, TH2 346
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How would you protect a newborn foal, if its mother's tetanus immunization is not up-to-date at the time of its birth?
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Give Injection Of Tetanus Antitoxin For Immediate Protection, Followed Later By 2 Injections Of Tetanus Toxoid At 4 - 6 Week Intervals
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B - AYHC 950-1
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If an Rh positive foal nurses on an Rh negative mare with antibodies in her milk, what will happen to the foal?
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It Would Die
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B - EVANS, TH2 512
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If there is an orphan foal, what can be put over the foal to disguise its odor, so another mare will let it suckle?
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Oil Of Linseed Or Whiskey
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B - EVANS, TH2 428
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Immediately following ovulation, the hole left by the ovum fills with coagulated blood & forms the precursor to corpus luteum called what?
|
Corpus Hemorrhagicum
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B - AYHC 910-6
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In mare management, mares can be classified into what 5 types during the breeding season?
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Pregnant, Open, Barren, Maiden Or Wet
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B - AYHC 940-1
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In the mare, the fetal placenta is formed by what 3 membranes?
|
Chorion, Allantois, Amnion
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B - EVANS, TH2 340
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|
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In the stallion, the hormone FSH exerts its effect on which cells?
|
Sertoli Cells
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B - AYHC 920-2
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|
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Lack of treatment or presence of urine on the navel stump may lead to infection, which can in turn lead to what problem?
|
Navel Ill
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B - EVANS, TH2 427
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|
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Mares give a HCG injection 24 hours after the beginning of estrus will usually ovulate when?
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Before 48 Hours Post Injection Time
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B - EVANS, TH2 400
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Mares given a prostaglandins treatment will usually ovulate when?
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10 - 12 Days After Treatment
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B - EVANS, TH2 400
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Mares that are pregnant & are used to being ridden, can still be ridden for how long into the pregnancy?
|
Up To The Time Of Foaling, But Last Month Exercise Should Not Be Strenuous
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B - EVANS, TH2 415
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Mares that have chronic infections for air being aspirated into the vagina are called what?
|
Windsuckers
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B - EVANS, TH2 169
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|
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Milk production varies greatly among mares but peak lactation might be expected when?
|
8 - 12 Weeks After Birth
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B - EVANS, TH2 271
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|
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Most mares should be kept in a box stall, for how long prior to foaling?
|
1 Week
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B - EVANS, TH2 417
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|
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Most traits in horses are influenced by what type of gene action?
|
Quantitative
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B - AYHC 1020-
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Name 2 basic colors that the color 'chestnut' is recessive to.
|
Black & Bay
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B - AYHC 1040-
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Name 2 things that a palpation chute can be used for.
|
Rectal Palpations, Way To Safely Restrain A Mare &/Or Foal During The Breeding Preparations, Caslick Operation, Artificial Insemination & Hygiene Procedures
|
B - EVANS, TH2 415
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|
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Name 2 things you can do for a newborn foal who is not breathing.
|
Placenta Removed From Nostrils, Artificial Respiration Should Be Given Immediately, Blowing Into Foal's Mouth, Vigorously Rubbing Foal's Body, Lift Foal Up & Gently Drop May Cause Respiration
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B - EVANS, TH2 427
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|
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Name 2 types of dystocia.
|
Fetal & Maternal
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B - EVANS, TH2 423
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|
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Name 2 uses of rectal palpation in mares.
|
Direct Examination Of Internal Genital Organs For Breeding Problems, Detection Of Pregnancy, Aid In Determination Of Appropriate Time For Breeding
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
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Name 3 factors that affect the stallion's ability to produce spermatozoa.
|
Testicle Size, Seasons Of The Year, Age
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
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Name 3 methods of manipulation of the estrous cycle in mares.
|
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Injections, Treatment With Prostaglandins, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Injections, Photostimulation (Artificial Lighting)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 399-4
|
|
|
Name 3 modes of inheritance.
|
Autosomal Recessive, Autosomal Dominant & X-Linked Mode
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
Name 3 of the basic models of artificial vaginas.
|
Colorado, Missouri, Fujihira
|
B - EVANS, TH2 376
|
|
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Name 3 primary types of gene actions that affect the horse's traits.
|
Dominance, Co-Dominance, Partial Dominance
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
Name 4 conditions in a mare that would prevent breeding during the foal heat.
|
Bruised Cervix, Lacerations Or Tears In Cervix Or Vagina, Vaginal Discharge, Placenta Retained More Than 3 Hr., Lack Of Tone In Uterus Or Vagina
|
B - EVANS, TH2 399
|
|
|
Name 4 hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
|
FSH, LH, Growth Hormone, Thyrotropin, Adrenocorticotropin, Prolactin, Oxytocin, Vasopressin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 126-1
|
|
|
Name 4 things that can occur in pregnant mares grazing on fescue immediately prior to parturition.
|
Prolonged Gestations, Thickened Placenta At Birth, Lack Of Milk Production, Weak Foals, Still Born Foals, Difficult Birth
|
B - AYHC 750-3
|
|
|
Name 5 causes of infertility in mares.
|
Pneumovagina, Scars, Abrasions Or Ulcers In Reproductive Tract, Adhesions, Cervicitis, Vaginitis, Endometritis, Closed Cervix, Split Cervix, Blocked Oviducts, Tumors, Ovarian Cysts, Underdeveloped Ovaries, Poor General Health
|
B - EVANS, TH2 410-4
|
|
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Name 5 economically important genetic traits in horses that can be selected effectively in horse production by breeders.
|
Height, Weight, Body Length, Heart Girth Circumference, Cannon Bone Circumference, Color, Pulling Power, Running, Walking & Trotting Speed, Movement, Temperament, Cow Sense, Intelligence, Type, Conformation
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
Name a breed of horse that is homozygous for the Dn gene.
|
Fjord Horse
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
Name a method used to artificially creating longer daylight hours which will in turn cause mares to cycle earlier & regularly?
|
Artificial Lighting In Area Where Mares Are Kept
|
B - EVANS, TH2 393
|
|
|
Name a septicemia that settles in the foal's joints.
|
Navel Ill Or Joint Ill
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
Name an extender used in Artificial Insemination.
|
Skimmed Milk Or Cream-Gelatin Dilutor Or Am Extender
|
B - EVANS, TH2 379-3
|
|
|
Name the 2 basic methods of collecting the embryo from the donor mare & transferring it to the recipient mare.
|
Surgical & Non-Surgical
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
Name the 2 methods of surgical transfers during an embryo transfer.
|
Midventral & Flank Incisions
|
B - EVANS, TH2 412
|
|
|
Name the 2 types of genetic hernias.
|
Umbilical & Inguinal
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
Name the 3 basic models of artificial vaginas.
|
Fujihira, Missouri & Colorado
|
B - EVANS, TH2 376
|
|
|
Name the 3 classifications of follicles according to the varying stages of development during the breeding season.
|
Primordial, Growing & Graafian
|
B - EVANS, TH2 318
|
|
|
Name the 3 stages of the mare's follicle development.
|
Primordial, Growing, Graffian
|
B - EVANS, TH2 318
|
|
|
Name the 4 criteria used to evaluate stallion semen.
|
Volume, Concentration, Mobility, Morphology
|
B - EVANS, TH2 365
|
|
|
Name the 6 parts of the female reproductive tract.
|
Vulva, Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes), Ovaries
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
Name the hair-like projections that line the mare's oviducts & are responsible for transporting ova down the oviduct.
|
Cilia
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
Name the hormone produced by the stallion's reproductive system that is suppressed during the season of short daylight hours.
|
Testosterone
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
Name the major cause of infertility in a mare.
|
Uterine Infections / Human Mismanagement
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
Name the parts of the stallion's reproductive system.
|
2 Testes, Epididymis, Urethra, Penis, Accessory Glands (Cowper's, Seminal Vesicle, Prostate)
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
Name the sex of the horse that can become a long term carrier of equine viral arteritis.
|
Stallion
|
B - AYHC 620-1
|
|
|
Name the substance in colostrum that is very important to the health of newborn foals.
|
Antibodies Or Immunoglobulin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
Name the type of anemia that occurs in a newborn foal if it has a different blood type than its dam.
|
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (Foal Jaundice, Rh Factor)
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
Name the wedge-shaped area of the ovary from which ova is shed.
|
Ovulation Fossa
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
On which chromosome does the gene for hemophilia ride?
|
X Chromosome
|
B - EVANS, TH2 447
|
|
|
Once a mare is in estrus, when would you first breed her & how often until she goes out of estrus?
|
Start On 2 Or 3 Days Of Estrus & Breed Every Other Day Until She Goes Out Of Estrus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
Other than hormone control, what other method is used to bring mares into estrus prior to their natural breeding season?
|
Photostimulation/Extended Daylight Length By Using Electrical Lighting To Simulate The Length Of Daylight
|
B - AYHC 930-3
|
|
|
Out of the colors, black, bay & chestnut; tell which one is recessive & which one is dominant to the others.
|
Chestnut Is Recessive, Black Is Dominant
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
Peak lactation in a nursing mare usually occurs when?
|
8 - 12 Weeks After Parturition
|
B - EVANS, TH2 271
|
|
|
Pregnant mares should be immunized for which 4 diseases about 30 days prior to foaling?
|
Tetanus, Eastern & Western Encephalomyelitis & Influenza (Rhinopneumonitis Is 3Rd, 5Th, 7Th & 9Th Month Of Gestation Not Last 30 Days)
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
Regarding the determination of parentage, what is the exclusion principle?
|
Rule That Says An Animal Cannot Be Proven To Be A Parent Of Another But It Can Only Prove That It Is Not The Parent
|
B - EVANS, TH2 504
|
|
|
Seminiferous tubules unite into a single duct to form what part of the stallion's reproductive system?
|
Head Of The Epididymis
|
B - EVANS, TH2 358
|
|
|
Spermatogenesis is made up of a series of events leading to the release of spermatozoa. How many days are required for these events to occur?
|
57 Days
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
Stallion spermatozoa do not move in the twisting progression like other sperm, how does it move?
|
In Straight Lines
|
B - EVANS, TH2 366
|
|
|
Testicles are usually descended into the scrotum by what age?
|
Birth To 15 Months
|
B - EVANS, TH2 385
|
|
|
The 2 basic types of gene actions are quantitative & qualitative, which is most common?
|
Most Traits In Horses Are Influenced By Quantitative Gene Actions
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
The age of puberty in stallions is what?
|
11 1/2 Months To 16 3/4 Months
|
B - EVANS, TH2 361
|
|
|
The edge of the infundibulum is split to form finger-like projections called what?
|
Fimbriae
|
B - EVANS, TH2 319
|
|
|
The epididymis can be divided into 3 segments, name them.
|
Head (Caput), Body (Corpus), Tail (Cauda)
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
The external prepuce of the male horse is commonly referred to by what name?
|
Sheath
|
B - EVANS, TH2 359
|
|
|
The foal can only absorb the antibodies in the colostrum for how long?
|
36 Hours After Birth
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
The foal should be assisted up & guided to the mare's udder if the foal is not nursing in what amount of time?
|
2 Hours After Birth
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
The genetic material is located within what cell structure?
|
Nucleus
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
The lethal problem called white foal syndrome will occur when breeding parents of what color together?
|
Two Overo Colored Parents
|
B - EVANS, TH2 513
|
|
|
The mating of palomino horses to cremellos will result in what ratio of coat colors?
|
50% Palominos & 50% Cremellos
|
B - EVANS, TH2 051
|
|
|
The ovaries are responsible for the production of which 2 female hormones?
|
Estrogen & Progesterone
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
The ovary is kidney bean shaped with a concave side & convex side, what is the name for each of these areas?
|
Concave Side Is Ovulation Fossa & Convex Side Is Hilus
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
The rupture of the follicle refers to what?
|
Ovulation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 318
|
|
|
The short estrus period soon after foaling is called what?
|
Foal Heat
|
B - AYHC 940-5
|
|
|
The uterus is suspended within the body cavity by 2 tough, sheet-like structures called what?
|
Broad Ligaments
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
Urine on the navel stump due to the failure of the urachus to close, is called what?
|
Previous Or Persistent Urachus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
Usually 'wax beads', which are actually drops of colostrum, appear on the mare's udder about how long prior to foaling?
|
2 - 4 Days Before Foaling
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
What 2 ovarian hormones control the estrous cycle?
|
Estrogens & Progesterone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 339
|
|
|
What 2 structures are found on the ovarian end of the Fallopian tube?
|
Infundibulum & Ampulla
|
B - EVANS, TH2 319
|
|
|
What 2 types of cells are responsible for spermatozoa development & testosterone & estrogen production?
|
Sertoli Cells (Spermatozoa Production) & Leydig Cells (Secretes Estrogen & Testosterone Production - With The Help Of LH Hormones)
|
B - AYHC 920-2
|
|
|
What acts as a physical barrier between the vagina & uterus?
|
Cervix
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
What are 2 methods for testing colostrum for immunoglobulin concentration?
|
Colostrometer & Agglutination Test Kit
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
What are 2 other names for NI?
|
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis, Hemolytic Icterus, Jaundice Foal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What are 3 types of qualitative gene actions?
|
Dominance, Co-Dominance, Partial Dominance
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
What are foals called that suffer from Neonatal maladjustment syndrome?
|
Dummy Or Convulsive Foals, Barker, Wanderer
|
B - AYHC 950-8
|
|
|
What are septicemias?
|
Blood Steam Infections
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What are the 2 basic techniques of collecting the embryo from the donor mare & transferring it to the recipient mare?
|
Surgical & Non-Surgical
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What are the 2 basic types of genetic actions?
|
Qualitative, Quantitative
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
What are the 2 classifications of abortions?
|
Infectious & Non-Infectious
|
B - EVANS, TH2 425
|
|
|
What are the 2 major actions of luteinizing hormone?
|
Causes Ovulation, Initiates The Formation Of The Corpus Luteum
|
B - EVANS, TH2 339
|
|
|
What are the 2 most common methods used to manipulate the estrous cycle?
|
Artificial Lighting & Hormonal Stimulation
|
B - AYHC 930-3
|
|
|
What are the 2 parts of uterus?
|
Horn & Body
|
B - EVANS, TH2 320
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of cryptorchids & which will usually be infertile?
|
Unilateral & Bilateral, Bilateral Is Usually Infertile
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
What are the 3 distinct layers of the uterus?
|
Serous (Outer Layer), Myometrium, Endometrium (Innermost Layer)
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
What are the 3 main colors of horses that provide the basis for most of the other colors in color genetics?
|
Bay, Black & Chestnut
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What are the 3 methods of castration?
|
Primary Closure Method, Closed Technique & Open Technique
|
B - EVANS, TH2 386
|
|
|
What are the 3 most commonly used hormones for the manipulation of estrous cycles?
|
Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Progesterone
|
B - AYHC 930-3
|
|
|
What are the 3 most genetically common colors of horses?
|
Bay, Black & Chestnut
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What are the 3 muscles associated with the scrotum & spermatic cord that contract during cool weather to draw the testes close to the body to raise the testicular temperature?
|
Tunica Dartos & Cremaster
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
What are the 3 parts of the sperm cell?
|
Head, Neck & Tail
|
B - EVANS, TH2 363
|
|
|
What are the 3 parts of the stallion's penis?
|
Root, Body (Shaft) & Glans Penis
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
What are the 3 stages of labor during parturition?
|
1st Stage: Muscle Contractions To Water Bag Breaks, 2nd: Expulsion Of Foal, 3rd: Expulsion Of Afterbirth
|
B - EVANS, TH2 417
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of gene expressions?
|
Dominance, Co-Dominance & Partial Dominance
|
B - EVANS, TH2 442
|
|
|
What are the accessory sex glands of the stallion?
|
Seminal Vesicles, Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper's Gland), Prostate Gland
|
B - EVANS, TH2 360
|
|
|
What are the designated sex chromosomes of the stallion & the mare?
|
Stallion - XY, Mare - XX
|
B - EVANS, TH2 461
|
|
|
What are the finger-like projections from the end of the infundibulum that surrounds the ovary?
|
Fimbriae
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
What are the gonads?
|
Ovaries & Testicles
|
B - AYHC 910
|
|
|
What are the non-sex chromosomes called in the horse?
|
Autosomes
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
What are the normal temperature, respiration rate & heart rate during the first 4 days of a foal's life?
|
Temperature 99 - 102 Degrees F, Respiration Rate 20 - 40 Breaths Per Minute, Heart Rate 70 - 100 Beats Per Minute
|
B - AYHC 950-3
|
|
|
What are the ratios of colors that would result from repeated matings of 2 palominos?
|
1/4 Chestnut, 1/2 Palomino, 1/4 Cremello
|
B - EVANS, TH2 050
|
|
|
What can you do to prevent your foal from getting septicemia?
|
Treat Newborn's Navel Cord With Iodine Or Other Antibacterial Medication As Soon As Possible After Birth
|
B - AYHC 950-5
|
|
|
What color are the foal's hooves at birth?
|
Cream Or White
|
B - EVANS, TH2 082
|
|
|
What condition does the Caslick operation prevent?
|
Pneumovagina (Windsucking)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 410
|
|
|
What controls the expression of traits of the horse & are located on chromosomes?
|
Genes
|
B - EVANS, TH2 449
|
|
|
What does flagging of the stallion's tail indicate?
|
Ejaculation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 378
|
|
|
What does the word, genotype mean?
|
Genetic Make-Up Of An Animal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 458
|
|
|
What does the word, phenotype mean?
|
The Outward Appearance Of The Animal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 458
|
|
|
What genetic term identifies the physical position of a gene on a chromosome?
|
Locus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 451
|
|
|
What happens to the offspring of roans & white horses whose genetic pattern is homozygous?
|
They Die In Early Fetal Development
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What happens when there are 2 dominant white genes in a horse?
|
It Is Lethal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 053
|
|
|
What hormone causes receptive behavior patterns observed in mares during heat & acts to prepare the uterus for receiving the embryo?
|
Estrogen
|
B - AYHC 910-6
|
|
|
What hormone is responsible for milk let down & contractions during parturition?
|
Oxytocin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
What hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation & supporting the initial stages of corpus lutuem development?
|
LH
|
B - AYHC 910-6
|
|
|
What injection should be given to the mare & foal after parturition?
|
Tetanus Antitoxin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
What is a common cause of death in older pregnant mares?
|
Uterine Arterial Hemorrhage
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What is a cryptorchid?
|
Animal With One Or Both Testes Undescended Into The Scrotum
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
What is a foal called that is born with septicemia & is semi-comatose?
|
Sleeper
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What is a funnel-like membrane that surrounds the ovary & catches the egg when it is released by the ovary?
|
Infundibulum
|
B - EVANS, TH2 319
|
|
|
What is a major site for bacterial invasion into the newborn foal's body that should be treated with an iodine solution to prevent infection?
|
Navel Stump
|
B - AYHC 950-1
|
|
|
What is a non-infectious disorder of the central nervous system in about 1 - 2% of newborn foals with gross abnormal behavior?
|
Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome (Also Called Convulsive Syndrome)
|
B - AYHC 950-8
|
|
|
What is a synthetic progestin compound that does not interact with the mare's natural progesterone & is used to regulate estrus early in the breeding season?
|
Regumate
|
B - AYHC 930-4
|
|
|
What is an allele?
|
Nonidentical Genes Located At Same Physical Position On A Chromosome
|
B - EVANS, TH2 451
|
|
|
What is an embryo?
|
Fertilized Egg (Ovum) In The Very Early Stage Of Ovum Development
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What is another name for convulsive syndrome?
|
Barker, Dummies Or Wanderers
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What is another name for the genetically severed large intestine?
|
Atresia Coli
|
B - EVANS, TH2 517
|
|
|
What is another name for the prepuce?
|
Sheath
|
B - EVANS, TH2 359
|
|
|
What is dystocia?
|
Any Foaling Problem That Prevents Delivery Of The Foal By The Mare's Efforts Alone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 423
|
|
|
What is either of the 2 upper projections in the Y-shaped uterus of the mare, connecting the Fallopian tubes to the body of the uterus?
|
Uterine Horn
|
B - EVANS, TH2 078
|
|
|
What is endometritis?
|
Infections Of The Uterus (Inflammation Of Endometrium, The Mucous Membrane Of The Uterus)
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
What is foal heat?
|
First Heat Period Following Foaling
|
B - EVANS, TH2 405
|
|
|
What is generation interval?
|
Average Time Between The Birth Of Animals & Birth Of Their Replacements
|
B - EVANS, TH2 557
|
|
|
What is GnRH?
|
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 408
|
|
|
What is it called when organs or tissue project through an abdominal opening & usually occur in the navel or scrotum areas?
|
Hernia
|
B - AYHC 950-9
|
|
|
What is it called when there is a transfer of an embryo from one female to another which carries it to term?
|
Embryo Transfer
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What is mastitis?
|
Inflammation & Infection Of The Udder
|
B - AYHC 940-6
|
|
|
What is one of the most common uses of human chorionic gonadotropin?
|
To Stimulate Follicles To Ovulate
|
B - EVANS, TH2 399
|
|
|
What is Pneumovagina?
|
When Air & Contaminants Are Sucked Into The Mare's Reproductive Tract
|
B - EVANS, TH2 409-4
|
|
|
What is the 6 - 8 inch long muscular mucous membrane-lined tube which communicates the vestibule of the vulva to the cervix?
|
Vagina
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
What is the ability to pass on characteristics & qualities to offspring?
|
Prepotency Of Genes
|
B - AYHC 151-1
|
|
|
What is the average length of the mare's estrous cycle?
|
4.5 - 7.5 Days
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
What is the best choice for bedding in a foaling stall prior to parturition?
|
Straw
|
B - EVANS, TH2 417
|
|
|
What is the best test of a breeding animal?
|
Type Of Offspring It Produces
|
B - EVANS, TH2 138
|
|
|
What is the book of a stallion?
|
Mares To Be Bred To The Stallion
|
B - EVANS, TH2 393
|
|
|
What is the 'book' of a stallion?
|
Mares To Be Bred To A Stallion
|
B - EVANS, TH2 393
|
|
|
What is the chief function of the stallion's scrotum?
|
Thermoregulatory
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
What is the destruction of red blood cells of the foal by the serum antibodies in the mare's colostrum?
|
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (Hemolytic Icterus, Foal Jaundice)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 509
|
|
|
What is the difference between the mare's estrus & diestrus cycles?
|
Estrus -Mare Is Receptive To Stallion & Encourages Mating, Diestrus-Mare Is Not Receptive To Stallion & Will Resist Him
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
What is the distensible muscle that acts as a physical barrier between the vagina & uterus?
|
Cervix
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
What is the effect of LH on the mare?
|
Stimulates Ovulation, Supports The Initial Stages Of Corpus Luteum Development
|
B - AYHC 910-9
|
|
|
What is the expulsion of the fetus prior to 300 days of gestation?
|
Abortion
|
B - EVANS, TH2 425
|
|
|
What is the external opening to the mare's reproductive canal?
|
Vulva
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
What is the first defecation of a foal following parturition?
|
Meconium
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
What is the first heat period following parturition called?
|
Foal Heat
|
B - EVANS, TH2 405
|
|
|
What is the first step in freezing horse semen?
|
Collecting A Gel-Free Semen
|
B - EVANS, TH2 382
|
|
|
What is the first thing that should be done when a foal is first born?
|
Check To See If It Is Breathing
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
What is the fluid portion of the semen consisting of testicular, epididymal & accessory sex gland secretions called?
|
Seminal Plasma
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
What is the function of corpus luteum?
|
Maintains Pregnancy Through The Production Of Progesterone
|
B - AYHC 910-7
|
|
|
What is the function of the vesicular glands in the stallion?
|
Responsible For Secreting The 'Gel Fraction' To The Semen
|
B - EVANS, TH2 360
|
|
|
What is the gene for roaning?
|
Rn
|
B - EVANS, TH2 486
|
|
|
What is the genus & species of the true zebra?
|
Equus Zebra
|
B - EVANS, TH2 449
|
|
|
What is the heritability estimate when looking at the horse's traits?
|
Percentage Of A Horse's Expressed Traits That Is Due To Genetics
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
What is the hormone necessary for normal sexual behavior & function in stallions?
|
Testosterone
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
What is the initial step in an embryo transfer?
|
Synchronizing The Ovulations Of Donor & Recipient Mares
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What is the initial step in breeding a mare?
|
Restraining The Mare
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
What is the length of the average estrous cycle?
|
21 - 23 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
What is the length of the average gestation period?
|
335 - 340 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 342
|
|
|
What is the length of the gestation period for the American Miniature Horse?
|
11 Months
|
B - AYHC 154-2
|
|
|
What is the length of time required for spermatogenesis & epididymis maturation in the stallion?
|
About 65 Days
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
What is the main body of the penis called?
|
Shaft
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
What is the main function of the scrotum?
|
Encloses The Testicles & Serves As A Thermo-Regulator
|
B - EVANS, TH2 355
|
|
|
What is the major advantage of artificial insemination?
|
More Mare Per Season Can Be Bred
|
B - EVANS, TH2 376
|
|
|
A brown discoloration of the placenta with meconium in it, may indicate what?
|
Foal May Have Had A Low Oxygen Supply During Birth
|
B - AYHC 940-4
|
|
|
A colt is considered a cryptorchid if its testes have not descended by what age?
|
15 Months
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
What is the mare called that carries a fertilized egg to term that was removed from another mare?
|
Recipient Mare
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What is the mare called that has a fertilized egg removed from her & place in another mare?
|
Donor Mare
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
A positive diagnosis of what problem can be made if the vas deferens does not pass through the inguinal canal?
|
Cryptorchid Or Ridgling
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
What is the medical procedure used to close the mare's vulva to prevent her from sucking air & debris into her reproductive tract?
|
Caslick's Operation (Episoplasty)
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
A single injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone usually causes what?
|
Ovulation In Mare
|
B - EVANS, TH2 408
|
|
|
What is the more common term for the rupture of the chorio-allantoic membrane during pregnancy?
|
Breaking Of The Water Bag
|
B - AYHC 940-4
|
|
|
Abortion is defined as the expulsion of the fetus at how many days of gestation?
|
Prior To 300 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 425
|
|
|
After collecting semen from a stallion, what temperature does it have to be held at in the incubator or water bath?
|
100 Degrees Fahrenheit
|
B - EVANS, TH2 378
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of abnormal sexual behavior leading to infertility?
|
Mismanagement
|
B - EVANS, TH2 374
|
|
|
Approximately how long before foaling is it when the udder becomes distended?
|
2 - 6 Weeks
|
B - EVANS, TH2 417
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of infertility in mares?
|
Pneumovagina Or Wind Sucking
|
B - EVANS, TH2 409-4
|
|
|
Approximately how many days does it take the fertilized ovum to migrate to the uterus?
|
Six
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
What is the most common term for episoplasty, which is the artificially sealing by sutures of the labia of the vulva together?
|
Caslick's Operation
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
Approximately how many days longer is a mule fetus carried than a horse fetus?
|
10 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 226
|
|
|
What is the most difficult part of parturition?
|
Passage Of The Shoulders Of The Foal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 422
|
|
|
At what age do the mare's reproductive abilities start to decrease?
|
After 16 Years
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
What is the most frequent cause of twin abortions?
|
Fetal Malnutrition Due To Insufficient Surface Area For Placenta Attachment
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
At what age does the average filly reach puberty?
|
12 - 15 Months
|
B - EVANS, TH2 322
|
|
|
What is the most popular method of pregnancy diagnosis?
|
Rectal Palpation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 346
|
|
|
What is the multi-layered, hollow, Y-shaped organ in the female reproductive system?
|
Uterus
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
At what age does the mature ovary reaches its maximum size in the mare?
|
3 - 4 Years Old
|
B - EVANS, TH2 317
|
|
|
What is the name for an enlarged preovulatory follicle?
|
Graafian Follicle
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
At what stage of pregnancy do the mare's nutritional needs increase?
|
Last 3 Months Of Gestation
|
B - AYHC 940-2
|
|
|
At what time do most mares foal?
|
Between 7 Pm & 7 Am
|
B - AYHC 940-4
|
|
|
What is the name for the thin, transparent membrane that surrounds the foal at birth & must be removed so the foal can breathe?
|
Amnion
|
B - AYHC 940-4
|
|
|
Blood type is an example of which gene action?
|
Co-Dominance
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
What is the name of the enlarged pre-ovulatory follicle?
|
Graafian Follicle
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
Brood mares can be protected against rhinopneumonitis by immunization with an inactive vaccine during which months of pregnancy?
|
Third, Fifth, Seventh & Ninth
|
B - AYHC 940-2
|
|
|
What is the name of the hormone responsible for testosterone production in the stallion?
|
LH - Luteinizing Hormone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 127
|
|
|
Colostrum contains a high level of immunoglobulins, why are these important to the foal?
|
Foals Are Born With No Protection From Diseases, Immunoglobulins Are Antibodies To Protect The Foal Against Disease
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
What is the name of the hormone that signals the start of the reproductive season?
|
Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
What is the name of the procedure used to identify mares in estrus?
|
Teasing
|
B - AYHC 930-1
|
|
|
Colostrum is secreted during which period post-parturition?
|
First 24 - 28 Hours
|
B - AYHC 950-2
|
|
|
What is the only hybrid shown to be fertile?
|
Crosses Between Przewalski's Horse & The Horse
|
B - EVANS, TH2 449
|
|
|
Colts are usually carried about how much longer than fillies during gestation?
|
2 - 7 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 373
|
|
|
What is the powerful middle layer of the uterus that is responsible for contractions which expel the foal at birth?
|
Myometrium
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
Conception rates are highest when the mares are bred when?
|
1 - 2 Days Prior To Ovulation
|
B - AYHC 930-1
|
|
|
What is the preferred bedding for a foaling stall?
|
Clean Straw
|
B - AYHC I230
|
|
|
Convulsive syndrome is a nervous disorder resulting from circulatory dysfunction when the brain undergoes a period when the foal fails to receive sufficient oxygen. Name 2 common causes of this problem.
|
Premature Separation Of Placenta From Uterus & Premature Separation Of Umbilical Cord
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
What is the primary environmental cue regulating season reproductive activity in the mare?
|
Length Of Daylight
|
B - AYHC 920-9
|
|
|
Define dystocia then name & describe 2 different types.
|
Dystocia-Any Foaling Problem That Prevents Normal Delivery Of A Foal. Fetal - Malposition &/Or Malformation That Makes It Impossible For A Normal Presentation, Maternal - Failure Of Uterine Muscles/Uterine Torsion Or Other Pelvic Problems
|
B - EVANS, TH2 423
|
|
|
What is the primary function of the epididymis?
|
Place Where Sperm Matures & Is Stored
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
Define the term seasonally polyestrus.
|
Reproductive Habits Of The Mare In Which She Undergoes Multiple Estrous Cycles Only During A Circumscribed Portion Of The Year
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
Describe 2 methods of estrous manipulation.
|
Photostimulation (Artificial Lighting During Winter Months That Results In Earlier That Normal Initiation Of A Mare's Estrus,) Hormonal/Endocrine Control (Using Hormones To Control The Mare's Reproductive Cycles)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 337
|
|
|
What is the primary function of the scrotum?
|
Temperature Regulation Of The Testes
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
Describe 3 processes that must take place in an embryo transfer.
|
Fertilization & Conception In Donor Mare Occurs, Fert. Embryo Is Taken From The Donor Mare, Fert. Embryo Is Placed In Recipient Mare, Recipient Mare Carries Fetus To Full Term, Recipient Mare Give Birth
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What is the primary function of the scrotum?
|
Maintaining Proper Temperature For Sperm Production
|
B - AYHC I227
|
|
|
Describe 4 measurements that determine the quality of a stallion's sperm.
|
Number Of Motile Sperm, Number Of Sperm Per Milliliter, Volume Of Ejaculation, Shape & Structure Of Sperm, Morphology (# Of Live) Of Sperm
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
What is the production of spermatozoa called?
|
Spermatogenesis
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
Describe a teasing mill used to detect mares in estrus.
|
Special Pen For The Stallion Surrounded By Individual Pens For Individual Mares That Are Being Teased
|
B - EVANS, TH2 329
|
|
|
What is the proper name for the membrane that surrounds the foal & breaks just prior to birth?
|
Allanton-Chorionic Membrane
|
B - EVANS, TH2 418
|
|
|
Describe the difference between congenital & inherited defects.
|
Congenital-Defect Recognizable At Birth, Inherited-Defect That Is Genetic In Origin (Not Always Visible At Birth)
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
Describe the difference between heterozygous & homozygous genes.
|
Heterozygous-Genes Are Not Identical (2 Different Paired Genes), Homozygous-Paired Genes Are Identical
|
B - EVANS, TH2 451
|
|
|
What is the recommended age to wean foals?
|
4 - 6 Months
|
B - AYHC
|
|
|
Describe the difference between unilateral & bilateral cryptorchidism in horses.
|
Unilateral-One Testicle Is Retained In Body Cavity, Bilateral- Both Testicles Retained In Body Cavity
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
What is the relationship of 2 fillies that have the same sire & dam?
|
Full Sisters
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
What is the relationship of foals that have the same dam but are by different sires?
|
Maternal Half-Sibs Or Half Brother & Sisters
|
B - EVANS, TH2 537
|
|
|
Diarrhea is a common problem of foals, but a squirting type of diarrhea can dehydrate a foal & lead to death within what amount of time?
|
Within Hours
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
What is the relationship of foals that have the same sire but are out of different dams?
|
Paternal Half-Sibs Or Half Brother/Sister
|
B - EVANS, TH2 537
|
|
|
During gestation, when would the marked shrinkage of the muscles in the croup area occur?
|
7 - 10 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 417
|
|
|
What is the scientific name for the sheath?
|
Prepuce
|
B - EVANS, TH2 359
|
|
|
During parturition, what happens at the end of stage one that prepares the birth canal for the delivery of the foal?
|
Rupture Of The Water Bag (Chorion Or Chorio-Allantoic Membrane)
|
B - AYHC 940-4
|
|
|
What is the short estrus period soon after foaling called?
|
Foal Heat
|
B - AYHC 940-5
|
|
|
During the first 3 months after foaling, a mare will produce how much milk per their body weight?
|
Up To 3% Of Their Body Weight
|
B - AYHC 750-7
|
|
|
What is the simplest method of bringing a mare into estrus prior to the natural breeding season?
|
Artificial Lighting
|
B - AYHC 930-3
|
|
|
During the third trimester of gestation, a mare has specific increases in which 5 nutrients?
|
Energy Nutrients, Protein, Calcium, Phosphorus, & Vitamin A
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
What is the study of hormones & their effects?
|
Endocrinology
|
B - AYHC 910
|
|
|
During what stage of the mare's estrous cycle is the mare receptive to the stallion? Spell your answer
|
E S T R U S
|
B - AYHC I226
|
|
|
Early breaking of the umbilical cord may deny the foal a significant amount of blood, how much of the fetal blood supply could be lacking?
|
Up To 30% Of The Total Blood Supply
|
B - AYHC 940-4
|
|
|
What is the term for a condition that results in embryonic death?
|
True Lethal
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
Fetal development is greatest during the third trimester but most of the body weight gained during pregnancy occurs when?
|
Second Trimester
|
B - AYHC 940-2
|
|
|
What is the term for a mare that is not pregnant but was bred in the previous or current season?
|
Barren Mare
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
What is the term for a mare that is nursing a foal?
|
Wet Mare
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
Genetic defects are sometimes characterized based on the lethality of the trait that is involved. Name the 3 types of lethals & Give an example of each.
|
True Lethal -- Lethal White Foal Syndrome, Lethal Dominant Roan, Delayed Lethal -- Cerebellular Abiotrophy, Cleft Palate, Partial Lethal -- Parrot Mouth, Umbilical Hernia, Poor Limb Formation
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
What is the term for blood stream infections?
|
Septicemia
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
Give 2 good reasons for having a mare's immunizations up-to-date prior to foaling.
|
Higher Concentration Of Antibodies To Foal Through Colostrum, Antibodies Protect Foal From Disease
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
What is the term for characteristics that predispose an animal to disease conditions because of environmental factors, but do not in themselves cause disease?
|
Partial Lethal
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
Give 4 examples of simply inherited lethal traits.
|
Cid, Neonatal Isoerythrolysis, Hemophilia, Lethal White, White Foal Syndrome, Lethal Dominant Roan
|
B - EVANS, TH2 511
|
|
|
Give 4 reasons why a foal fails to receive passive immunities from its dam.
|
Failure To Receive Enough Colostrum, Premature Lactation Of Mare, Failure To Absorb Antibodies, Low Immunoglobulin In Colostrum
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What is the term for characteristics that ultimately result in death?
|
Delayed Lethals
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
Give one reason why you would give your mare human chorionic gonadotropin.
|
Stimulate Ovulation With 48 Hours Or To Hasten Or Ensure Ovulation
|
B - AYHC 930-4
|
|
|
What is the term for the number of spermatozoa which can be collected per a 24-hour period from a stallion & is determined by collecting the stallion daily for 7 days?
|
Daily Sperm Output (DSO)
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
Horses have 33 different chromosome strings, the X & Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes, what are the other ones called?
|
Autosomes
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
What is the term for the oil product of the sebaceous glands that build up in the end of the penis?
|
Smegma
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
How does the length of daylight hours affect the breeding season & the reproductive response of the stallion & the mare?
|
Longer Daylight Hours (16 Hr.) Stimulate The Reproductive Systems, Shorter Hours Suppresses & Decreases Hormones Needed For Reproduction
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
What is the term for the secretions of the testes, epididymis & accessory glands mixed with spermatozoa?
|
Semen
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
How long after parturition is it before the placenta is passed?
|
10 - 15 Minutes
|
B - EVANS, TH2 423
|
|
|
What is the term used to describe the sexual drive?
|
Libido
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
How long can semen be stored in a refrigerator prior to its use for AI?
|
Up To 24 Hours
|
B - EVANS, TH2 382
|
|
|
What is the term used when EVR causes a high percentage of mares on one farm to abort?
|
Abortion Storm
|
B - EVANS, TH2 598
|
|
|
What is the time period that occurs during the winter months when a mare is in sexual inactivity?
|
Anestrous
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
How long does an ovum live after ovulation if pregnancy does not occur?
|
12 - 24 Hours
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
What is the unique feature of a bit with a mouth piece make from copper?
|
Copper Increases Salivation & Makes Mouth More Responsive To The Bit
|
B - AYHC 1100-
|
|
|
How long does estrus period usually last in a mares?
|
5 - 7 Days
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
What is the usual dilution ratio for AI?
|
1:1 Or 1:4
|
B - EVANS, TH2 381
|
|
|
How long does it take after castration before all spermatozoa in ejaculations to be nonmotile & pregnancy is unlikely to occur?
|
7 - 8 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
What is usually applied to the navel stump to cause closure of the urachus?
|
Silver Nitrate Or It Is Sutured
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
How long does it take for spermatogenesis & epididymal maturation, after a stallion has had an elevated testicular temperature following trauma or illness?
|
Approximately 65 Days
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
What kind of bedding is preferred for a foaling stall?
|
Straw
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
How long does it take for the fertilized ovum to reach the uterus?
|
6 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
What part of the ovary contains the ova when a filly is born?
|
Cortex
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
How long does it take for the foal's immune system to become functional & to be able to produce significant levels of antibodies to guard against diseases?
|
2 - 4 Months
|
B - AYHC 950-2
|
|
|
What period of time during a mare's pregnancy would not be a good time to deworm her?
|
During The Last 30 Days Of Gestation
|
B - AYHC 940-2
|
|
|
How long does it take the fertilized ovum to migrate to the uterus?
|
6 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
What phase of the estrous cycle occurs when the mare's attitude toward the stallion varies from noninterest to complete resentment?
|
Diestrus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
How long does it usually take a foal to nurse after parturition?
|
About 2 Hours
|
B - AYHC 950-1
|
|
|
What phase of the estrous cycle occurs when the mare's attitude towards the stallion varies from non-interest to complete resentment?
|
Diestrus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
How long does the stallion semen last in the mare's reproductive tract after ejaculation?
|
Usually 48 Hours But Can Last Up To 5 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
What phase of the mare's estrus cycle comes after she ovulates?
|
Diestrus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
How long is the average mare's estrous cycle?
|
Usually 21 - 23 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
What primary sex organs produce the germinal sex cells as well as the sex hormones?
|
Testicles & Ovaries
|
B - EVANS, TH2 128
|
|
|
How long will sperm survive?
|
24 - 30 Hours After Ejaculation
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
What process is used to prevent aspirating air & contaminants from entering the vulva of mares?
|
Caslick's Operation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 394
|
|
|
How many artificial light exposures does it take before 50% of the mares will respond by having estrous cycles earlier in the year?
|
40 - 100 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 408
|
|
|
What process would use these items: Chambers Catheter, Speculum, Syringe, Phantom & AV liner?
|
Artificial Insemination
|
B - EVANS, TH2 379-3
|
|
|
How many chromosomes are responsible for the sex of the foal?
|
One Pair
|
B - EVANS, TH2 461
|
|
|
How many chromosomes do horses have?
|
64 Or 32 Pairs
|
B - EVANS, TH2 449
|
|
|
What reproductive hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus in response to environmental cues such as day length?
|
Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
How may bacteria enter the foal's blood system?
|
Via The Umbilical Cord
|
B - EVANS, TH2 595
|
|
|
What term describes a mare that has never been bred?
|
Maiden Mare
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
How often can a stallion's semen be collected without interfering with the stallion's ability to produce sperm?
|
Up To 3 Times Daily For Short Periods
|
B - AYHC 920
|
|
|
What term describes a mare that is not pregnant & was not bred in the previous or current season?
|
Open Mare
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
How should the navel cord of a newborn foal be treated?
|
Navel Cord Should Be Dipped In A Tincture Of Iodine (Metaphen, Merthiolate, Iodine & Glycerine)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
What term describes any foaling problem that prevents delivery of foal by the mare's efforts alone?
|
Dystocia
|
B - EVANS, TH2 423
|
|
|
How soon after ovulation can pregnancy be diagnosed by ultrasound?
|
11 - 14 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 346
|
|
|
What term describes nonidentical genes that are located at the same physical position on a chromosome?
|
Alleles
|
B - EVANS, TH2 451
|
|
|
How would you protect a newborn foal, if its mother's tetanus immunization is not up-to-date at the time of its birth?
|
Give Injection Of Tetanus Antitoxin For Immediate Protection, Followed Later By 2 Injections Of Tetanus Toxoid At 4 - 6 Week Intervals
|
B - AYHC 950-1
|
|
|
What term describes the failure to show behavioral signs of estrus?
|
Silent Heat
|
B - EVANS, TH2 327
|
|
|
If an Rh positive foal nurses on an Rh negative mare with antibodies in her milk, what will happen to the foal?
|
It Would Die
|
B - EVANS, TH2 512
|
|
|
What term describes the minimum number of spermatozoa produced within a 24-hour period?
|
Daily Sperm Production (DSP)
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
If there is an orphan foal, what can be put over the foal to disguise its odor, so another mare will let it suckle?
|
Oil Of Linseed Or Whiskey
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
What term describes the techniques of estrus detection?
|
Teasing
|
B - EVANS, TH2 014
|
|
|
Immediately following ovulation, the hole left by the ovum fills with coagulated blood & forms the precursor to corpus luteum called what?
|
Corpus Hemorrhagicum
|
B - AYHC 910-6
|
|
|
What type of genetic action is when a particular trait is influenced by a single pair of genes or maybe 2 or 3 pairs of genes such as the dilution of bay to buckskin?
|
Qualitative Gene Action
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
What type of genetic action is when many genes have an effect on the same trait & they are added together to produce that trait in a horse such as speed?
|
Quantitative Gene Action
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
In mare management, mares can be classified into what 5 types during the breeding season?
|
Pregnant, Open, Barren, Maiden Or Wet
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
What type of response results from behavioral urinalysis by the stallion or teasing a mare to determine if she is in estrus & involves a curling of the upper lip of the stallion?
|
Flehmen Response
|
B - EVANS, TH2 121
|
|
|
In the mare, the fetal placenta is formed by what 3 membranes?
|
Chorion, Allantois, Amnion
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
What types of chromosomes are the X & Y chromosomes?
|
Sex Chromosomes
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
In the stallion, the hormone FSH exerts its effect on which cells?
|
Sertoli Cells
|
B - AYHC 920-2
|
|
|
What vaccine should be given to brood mares at the fifth, seventh & ninth months of pregnancy?
|
Rhinopneumonitis
|
B - AYHC 445-3
|
|
|
Lack of treatment or presence of urine on the navel stump may lead to infection, which can in turn lead to what problem?
|
Navel Ill
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
What virus is the most devastating bacterial cause of pneumonia in foals?
|
Rhodococcus Equi (Pronounced Road-O-Cock-Us)
|
B - AYHC 950-7
|
|
|
Mares give a HCG injection 24 hours after the beginning of estrus will usually ovulate when?
|
Before 48 Hours Post Injection Time
|
B - EVANS, TH2 400
|
|
|
What would sodium carbosymethyl cellulose be used for?
|
Lubricant In Rectal Examination
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
Mares given a prostaglandins treatment will usually ovulate when?
|
10 - 12 Days After Treatment
|
B - EVANS, TH2 400
|
|
|
Mares that are pregnant & are used to being ridden, can still be ridden for how long into the pregnancy?
|
Up To The Time Of Foaling, But Last Month Exercise Should Not Be Strenuous
|
B - EVANS, TH2 415
|
|
|
When a stallion extends his neck upward & curls his upper lip during the teasing process, what is the action called?
|
Flehman Reflex Or Olfactory Reflex
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
When antibiotics are used during AI, the diluted semen should not be used for how long, in order for the antibiotics to be effective?
|
20 - 30 Minutes
|
B - EVANS, TH2 382
|
|
|
Mares that have chronic infections for air being aspirated into the vagina are called what?
|
Windsuckers
|
B - EVANS, TH2 169
|
|
|
When do 'wax beads' appear on the teats of a mare?
|
A Few Hours To 2 - 4 Days Before Foaling
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
Milk production varies greatly among mares but peak lactation might be expected when?
|
8 - 12 Weeks After Birth
|
B - EVANS, TH2 271
|
|
|
Most mares should be kept in a box stall, for how long prior to foaling?
|
1 Week
|
B - EVANS, TH2 417
|
|
|
When does a mare's reproductive ability begin to decrease?
|
Usually After 16 Years Of Age
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
Most traits in horses are influenced by what type of gene action?
|
Quantitative
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
When does the sex drive of a newly castrated gelding usually subside?
|
4 - 6 Months After Castration
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
When is a mare usually anestrus?
|
In Winter/During Shorter Daylight Hours
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
Name 2 basic colors that the color 'chestnut' is recessive to.
|
Black & Bay
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
When is it possible for a foal to have a positive Coggins test reaction, when it is in reality a false reaction?
|
When Foal Is Nursing From A Coggins Positive Mare
|
B - AYHC 630-1
|
|
|
Name 2 things that a palpation chute can be used for.
|
Rectal Palpations, Way To Safely Restrain A Mare &/Or Foal During The Breeding Preparations, Caslick Operation, Artificial Insemination & Hygiene Procedures
|
B - EVANS, TH2 415
|
|
|
Name 2 things you can do for a newborn foal who is not breathing.
|
Placenta Removed From Nostrils, Artificial Respiration Should Be Given Immediately, Blowing Into Foal's Mouth, Vigorously Rubbing Foal's Body, Lift Foal Up & Gently Drop May Cause Respiration
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
When is the most critical time for proper nutrition in the pregnant mare?
|
9 - 11 Months
|
B - AYHC 750-7
|
|
|
Name 2 types of dystocia.
|
Fetal & Maternal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 423
|
|
|
When is the optimal time to breed a mare?
|
Just Before Ovulation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
When would breeding on the foal heat be appropriate?
|
Only If Mare Had A Normal Delivery & Reproductive Tract Is Normal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 399
|
|
|
Name 2 uses of rectal palpation in mares.
|
Direct Examination Of Internal Genital Organs For Breeding Problems, Detection Of Pregnancy, Aid In Determination Of Appropriate Time For Breeding
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
Where is the site of spermatogenesis & production of testosterone?
|
Testes
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
Name 3 factors that affect the stallion's ability to produce spermatozoa.
|
Testicle Size, Seasons Of The Year, Age
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
Which 2 hormones stimulate the gonads?
|
FSH & LH
|
B - AYHC 910
|
|
|
Name 3 methods of manipulation of the estrous cycle in mares.
|
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Injections, Treatment With Prostaglandins, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Injections, Photostimulation (Artificial Lighting)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 399-4
|
|
|
Which gene is responsible for mottled, varnish roan, blanket with spots, blankets, frost, leopard & a few leopard spots in horses?
|
Leopard Gene, Lp
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
Name 3 modes of inheritance.
|
Autosomal Recessive, Autosomal Dominant & X-Linked Mode
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
Which genetic lethal can be traced to the Percheron stallion, Superb, that causes death as a result of the failure to eliminate feces?
|
Atresia Coli (Severed Large Intestine)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 517
|
|
|
Name 3 of the basic models of artificial vaginas.
|
Colorado, Missouri, Fujihira
|
B - EVANS, TH2 376
|
|
|
Which highly contagious disease causes about 90% of all foal diarrhea outbreaks & usually occurs in foals about 70 days old?
|
Rotavirus
|
B - AYHC 950-7
|
|
|
Name 3 primary types of gene actions that affect the horse's traits.
|
Dominance, Co-Dominance, Partial Dominance
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
Which hormone can be used on pregnant mares to cause abortions?
|
Prostaglandin
|
B - AYHC 930-4
|
|
|
Name 4 conditions in a mare that would prevent breeding during the foal heat.
|
Bruised Cervix, Lacerations Or Tears In Cervix Or Vagina, Vaginal Discharge, Placenta Retained More Than 3 Hr., Lack Of Tone In Uterus Or Vagina
|
B - EVANS, TH2 399
|
|
|
Which hormone initiates lactation?
|
Prolactin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 127
|
|
|
Name 4 hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
|
FSH, LH, Growth Hormone, Thyrotropin, Adrenocorticotropin, Prolactin, Oxytocin, Vasopressin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 126-1
|
|
|
Which hormone stimulates the growth of follicles?
|
FSH
|
B - AYHC 910-6
|
|
|
Name 4 things that can occur in pregnant mares grazing on fescue immediately prior to parturition.
|
Prolonged Gestations, Thickened Placenta At Birth, Lack Of Milk Production, Weak Foals, Still Born Foals, Difficult Birth
|
B - AYHC 750-3
|
|
|
Which inherited lethal was originally called the Fredericksborg Lethal?
|
Lethal White Gene, W
|
B - EVANS, TH2 513
|
|
|
Name 5 causes of infertility in mares.
|
Pneumovagina, Scars, Abrasions Or Ulcers In Reproductive Tract, Adhesions, Cervicitis, Vaginitis, Endometritis, Closed Cervix, Split Cervix, Blocked Oviducts, Tumors, Ovarian Cysts, Underdeveloped Ovaries, Poor General Health
|
B - EVANS, TH2 410-4
|
|
|
Which of the pinto patterns is considered to be dominant?
|
Tobiano
|
B - EVANS, TH2 048
|
|
|
Name 5 economically important genetic traits in horses that can be selected effectively in horse production by breeders.
|
Height, Weight, Body Length, Heart Girth Circumference, Cannon Bone Circumference, Color, Pulling Power, Running, Walking & Trotting Speed, Movement, Temperament, Cow Sense, Intelligence, Type, Conformation
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
Which organ is considered to be the 'master organ' of the male reproductive system because it is the site for production of spermatozoa & testosterone?
|
Testes
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
Name a breed of horse that is homozygous for the Dn gene.
|
Fjord Horse
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
Which pinto pattern is associated with the lethal white foal syndrome?
|
Overo
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
Name a method used to artificially creating longer daylight hours which will in turn cause mares to cycle earlier & regularly?
|
Artificial Lighting In Area Where Mares Are Kept
|
B - EVANS, TH2 393
|
|
|
Why are all roan colored horses heterozygous Rnrn?
|
All Homozygous Roan Horses Die In Early Fetal Development & Are Never Born
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
Name a septicemia that settles in the foal's joints.
|
Navel Ill Or Joint Ill
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
Why are all white horses heterozygous?
|
Because White Homozygotes Die Early In Development
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
Name an extender used in Artificial Insemination.
|
Skimmed Milk Or Cream-Gelatin Dilutor Or Am Extender
|
B - EVANS, TH2 379-3
|
|
|
Why are hybrids usually sterile?
|
They Do Not Produce Functional Sex Cells Due To A Failure In The Rearrangement Of Chromosomes
|
B - EVANS, TH2 449
|
|
|
Name the 2 basic methods of collecting the embryo from the donor mare & transferring it to the recipient mare.
|
Surgical & Non-Surgical
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
Why don't females suffer from X-linked hereditary diseases?
|
Females Have To Be Homozygous For Trait To Suffer From It & Would Have To Receive Abnormal Gene From Both Parents. Most Affected Males Do Not Live To Reproductive Age & Therefore Do Not Sire Foals
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
Name the 2 methods of surgical transfers during an embryo transfer.
|
Midventral & Flank Incisions
|
B - EVANS, TH2 412
|
|
|
Why is it preferable to break the umbilical cord rather than to cut it?
|
Usually Have Less Bleeding
|
B - AYHC 950-1
|
|
|
Name the 2 types of genetic hernias.
|
Umbilical & Inguinal
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
Why should straw be used in a foaling stall?
|
Shavings & Similar Materials Will Stick To The Wet Nostrils Of A Newborn Foal & May Suffocate It
|
B - EVANS, TH2 417
|
|
|
Name the 3 basic models of artificial vaginas.
|
Fujihira, Missouri & Colorado
|
B - EVANS, TH2 376
|
|
|
Why would oil of linseed or whiskey be poured over an orphan foal?
|
To Disguise Foal's Odor So Another Mare Will Let It Nurse
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
Name the 3 classifications of follicles according to the varying stages of development during the breeding season.
|
Primordial, Growing & Graafian
|
B - EVANS, TH2 318
|
|
|
Why would you put a stallion under artificial light?
|
Increase Testicular Activity
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
Name the 3 stages of the mare's follicle development.
|
Primordial, Growing, Graffian
|
B - EVANS, TH2 318
|
|
|
Within 1 or 2 days after birth, some foal's eyes will start to water because the eyelids & eyelashes are turned inward, what is this condition called?
|
Entropion
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
Name the 4 criteria used to evaluate stallion semen.
|
Volume, Concentration, Mobility, Morphology
|
B - EVANS, TH2 365
|
|
|
Within 24 hours after ovulation, the corpus luteum begins to secrete this hormone.
|
Progesterone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 339
|
|
|
Name the 6 parts of the female reproductive tract.
|
Vulva, Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes), Ovaries
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
Describe the position of the foal when it is in the dorso pelvic position in the first stage of labor.
|
Foal Is Upside Down
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
Name the hair-like projections that line the mare's oviducts & are responsible for transporting ova down the oviduct.
|
Cilia
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
Describe the term, seasonally polyestrous.
|
Mares Have Several Estrous Cycles During A Breeding Season
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
Name the hormone produced by the stallion's reproductive system that is suppressed during the season of short daylight hours.
|
Testosterone
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
During parturition, describe the foal's positions during each of the following events: when the strongest contractions occur and when most of the straining stops.
|
Strongest Contractions: During The Time The Foal's Head And Shoulders Are Forced Through The Mare's Pelvic Cavity. Straining Stops: When The Foals Hips Clear The Vagina
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
Name the major cause of infertility in a mare.
|
Uterine Infections / Human Mismanagement
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
Endometritis is inflammation of which part of the mare's reproductive system?
|
Endometrium (Lining Of The Uterus)
|
B - Plate 70
|
|
|
Name the parts of the stallion's reproductive system.
|
2 Testes, Epididymis, Urethra, Penis, Accessory Glands (Cowper's, Seminal Vesicle, Prostate)
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
Gonadotropin releasing hormone causes which hormone to be secreted by the pituitary gland?
|
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
Name the sex of the horse that can become a long term carrier of equine viral arteritis.
|
Stallion
|
B - AYHC 620-1
|
|
|
The fetus' urachus extends the fetal bladder to which part of the placenta?
|
Allantoic Cavity
|
B - Plate 72
|
|
|
Name the substance in colostrum that is very important to the health of newborn foals.
|
Antibodies Or Immunoglobulin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
The labia and clitoris make up what part of the mare's reproductive system?
|
Vulva
|
B - Plate 69
|
|
|
Name the type of anemia that occurs in a newborn foal if it has a different blood type than its dam.
|
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (Foal Jaundice, Rh Factor)
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
The ovarian artery arises directly from the aorta and divides into what 2 branches?
|
Ovarian And Uterine Branches
|
B - Plate 70
|
|
|
Name the wedge-shaped area of the ovary from which ova is shed.
|
Ovulation Fossa
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
There are how many stages of parturition?
|
3
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
On which chromosome does the gene for hemophilia ride?
|
X Chromosome
|
B - EVANS, TH2 447
|
|
|
What general types of muscles are used to move the ova through the uterus to the end of the uterine horn?
|
Smooth Muscles
|
B - Plate 70
|
|
|
Once a mare is in estrus, when would you first breed her & how often until she goes out of estrus?
|
Start On 2 Or 3 Days Of Estrus & Breed Every Other Day Until She Goes Out Of Estrus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
What hormone is responsible for stimulating the maturation of a developing ovarian follicle into a Graafian follicle?
|
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
Other than hormone control, what other method is used to bring mares into estrus prior to their natural breeding season?
|
Photostimulation/Extended Daylight Length By Using Electrical Lighting To Simulate The Length Of Daylight
|
B - AYHC 930-3
|
|
|
What is the term for the birthing process?
|
Parturition
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
Out of the colors, black, bay & chestnut; tell which one is recessive & which one is dominant to the others.
|
Chestnut Is Recessive, Black Is Dominant
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What is the term for the cheesy smegma and dead cells that fill the urethral sinus of the male?
|
Bean
|
B - Plate 75
|
|
|
Peak lactation in a nursing mare usually occurs when?
|
8 - 12 Weeks After Parturition
|
B - EVANS, TH2 271
|
|
|
What is the term for the release of an egg cell?
|
Ovulation
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
Pregnant mares should be immunized for which 4 diseases about 30 days prior to foaling?
|
Tetanus, Eastern & Western Encephalomyelitis & Influenza (Rhinopneumonitis Is 3Rd, 5Th, 7Th & 9Th Month Of Gestation Not Last 30 Days)
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
What is the term for the union of the stallion's spermatozoon with the mare's ovum?
|
Fertilization
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
Regarding the determination of parentage, what is the exclusion principle?
|
Rule That Says An Animal Cannot Be Proven To Be A Parent Of Another But It Can Only Prove That It Is Not The Parent
|
B - EVANS, TH2 504
|
|
|
What muscles act to pull the stallion's penis into the prepuce?
|
Retractor Muscles
|
B - Plate 75
|
|
|
Seminiferous tubules unite into a single duct to form what part of the stallion's reproductive system?
|
Head Of The Epididymis
|
B - EVANS, TH2 358
|
|
|
What would be the term used when a mare opens and closes the labia quickly with elevation of the clitoris during estrus?
|
Winking
|
B - Plate 69
|
|
|
Spermatogenesis is made up of a series of events leading to the release of spermatozoa. How many days are required for these events to occur?
|
57 Days
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
When does waxing of the mare's teats occur?
|
Usually 48 Hours Before Parturition
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
Stallion spermatozoa do not move in the twisting progression like other sperm, how does it move?
|
In Straight Lines
|
B - EVANS, TH2 366
|
|
|
Which contagious disease is caused by bacteria isolated in the "sinuses" of the clitoral gland?
|
Contagious Equine Metritis
|
B - Plate 70
|
|
|
Testicles are usually descended into the scrotum by what age?
|
Birth To 15 Months
|
B - EVANS, TH2 385
|
|
|
Which hormone prepares the mare's reproductive tract for mating and fertilization?
|
Estrogen
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
The 2 basic types of gene actions are quantitative & qualitative, which is most common?
|
Most Traits In Horses Are Influenced By Quantitative Gene Actions
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
A gene characteristic that produces only one kind of gamete is called?
|
Homozygous Dominant
|
B - 141
|
|
|
The age of puberty in stallions is what?
|
11 1/2 Months To 16 3/4 Months
|
B - EVANS, TH2 361
|
|
|
Define the term, postpartum.
|
Occurring After Giving Birth
|
B - 219
|
|
|
The edge of the infundibulum is split to form finger-like projections called what?
|
Fimbriae
|
B - EVANS, TH2 319
|
|
|
Describe what is meant by the phrase, "the mare threw a colt."
|
Mare Gave Birth To A Male Foal
|
B - 267
|
|
|
The epididymis can be divided into 3 segments, name them.
|
Head (Caput), Body (Corpus), Tail (Cauda)
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
Describe what is meant by the phrase, "the mare threw a filly."
|
Mare Gave Birth To A Female Foal
|
B - 267
|
|
|
The external prepuce of the male horse is commonly referred to by what name?
|
Sheath
|
B - EVANS, TH2 359
|
|
|
In regards to gestation, what is the cause?
|
Inner Membrane Enclosing A Foal Before Birth
|
B - 53
|
|
|
The foal can only absorb the antibodies in the colostrum for how long?
|
36 Hours After Birth
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
Name the 3 different glands located along the urethra of the male horse that produce fluids to nourish & preserve the sperm.
|
Prostate Gland, Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) & Seminal Vesicles
|
B - 2
|
|
|
The foal should be assisted up & guided to the mare's udder if the foal is not nursing in what amount of time?
|
2 Hours After Birth
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
The collection of a drop of dry colostrum at the end of each teat that occurs eighteen to forty-eight hours before foaling is called what?
|
Waxing
|
B - 288
|
|
|
The genetic material is located within what cell structure?
|
Nucleus
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
The progeny of a stallion is known as what?
|
Get
|
B - 120
|
|
|
The lethal problem called white foal syndrome will occur when breeding parents of what color together?
|
Two Overo Colored Parents
|
B - EVANS, TH2 513
|
|
|
The mating of palomino horses to cremellos will result in what ratio of coat colors?
|
50% Palominos & 50% Cremellos
|
B - EVANS, TH2 051
|
|
|
What are the 2 different tubes through which sperm travels from each testes to the penis in male horses?
|
Vas Deferens & Urethra
|
B - 281
|
|
|
What are the 2 stages of development of an individual within the uterus?
|
Embryo & Fetus
|
B - 106
|
|
|
The ovaries are responsible for the production of which 2 female hormones?
|
Estrogen & Progesterone
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
What does the term hemospermia mean?
|
The Presence Of Blood In The Sperm
|
B - 138
|
|
|
The ovary is kidney bean shaped with a concave side & convex side, what is the name for each of these areas?
|
Concave Side Is Ovulation Fossa & Convex Side Is Hilus
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
What follicle stimulating hormone may be detected in a blood test after 45 days of pregnancy & is derived from pregnant mare's blood serum or urine?
|
PMSG (Pregnant Mares Serum Gonadotropin)
|
B - 220
|
|
|
The rupture of the follicle refers to what?
|
Ovulation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 318
|
|
|
What hybrid is seldom fertile & is the offspring of a mare & jack called?
|
Mule
|
B - 183
|
|
|
The short estrus period soon after foaling is called what?
|
Foal Heat
|
B - AYHC 940-5
|
|
|
What is a bacterial infection of a mammary gland; causes swelling, pain and infected milk?
|
Mastitis
|
B - 176
|
|
|
The uterus is suspended within the body cavity by 2 tough, sheet-like structures called what?
|
Broad Ligaments
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
What is a bacterial infection of the uterus that is passed from infected stallion to mare during breeding and causes infertility?
|
Contagious Equine Metritis
|
B - 67
|
|
|
Urine on the navel stump due to the failure of the urachus to close, is called what?
|
Previous Or Persistent Urachus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
What is a brood mare?
|
A Mare Kept For Breeding Or Reproductive Purposes.
|
B - 41
|
|
|
Usually 'wax beads', which are actually drops of colostrum, appear on the mare's udder about how long prior to foaling?
|
2 - 4 Days Before Foaling
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
What 2 ovarian hormones control the estrous cycle?
|
Estrogens & Progesterone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 339
|
|
|
What is a commercial substance used in place of a mare's milk to raise a foal?
|
Milk Replacer
|
B - 180
|
|
|
What 2 structures are found on the ovarian end of the Fallopian tube?
|
Infundibulum & Ampulla
|
B - EVANS, TH2 319
|
|
|
What is a period of sexual inactivity in the mare where there is absence of observable heat due to season, pregnancy or other physical & psychological causes?
|
Anestrus
|
B - 11
|
|
|
What 2 types of cells are responsible for spermatozoa development & testosterone & estrogen production?
|
Sertoli Cells (Spermatozoa Production) & Leydig Cells (Secretes Estrogen & Testosterone Production - With The Help Of LH Hormones)
|
B - AYHC 920-2
|
|
|
What is a puttylike mass of smegma that collects in the urethral diverticulum of the penis?
|
Bean
|
B - 25
|
|
|
What is a relatively common condition in which urine drips from the stump of the navel & the flow increases when the foal strains to urinate?
|
Patent Urachus
|
B - 206
|
|
|
What acts as a physical barrier between the vagina & uterus?
|
Cervix
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
What are 2 methods for testing colostrum for immunoglobulin concentration?
|
Colostrometer & Agglutination Test Kit
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
What is a rubber sheath surrounded by warm water inside a sealed metal cylinder used to collect semen from stallions for either laboratory examination &/or artificial insemination?
|
Artificial Vagina
|
B - 16
|
|
|
What are 2 other names for NI?
|
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis, Hemolytic Icterus, Jaundice Foal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What is a sudden variation that is later passed on through inheritance & results from changes in a gene or genes?
|
Mutation
|
B - 184
|
|
|
What are 3 types of qualitative gene actions?
|
Dominance, Co-Dominance, Partial Dominance
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
What is a yeld mare?
|
Mare That Did Not Produce A Foal During The Current Season
|
B - 297
|
|
|
What is a zygote?
|
Fertilized Egg
|
B - 298
|
|
|
What are foals called that suffer from Neonatal maladjustment syndrome?
|
Dummy Or Convulsive Foals, Barker, Wanderer
|
B - AYHC 950-8
|
|
|
What is agalactia?
|
Inability Of The Mare To Produce Milk
|
B - 4
|
|
|
What are septicemias?
|
Blood Steam Infections
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What are the 2 basic techniques of collecting the embryo from the donor mare & transferring it to the recipient mare?
|
Surgical & Non-Surgical
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What is an abortifacient?
|
Substance That Causes Abortion
|
B - 1
|
|
|
What are the 2 basic types of genetic actions?
|
Qualitative, Quantitative
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
What is an inflammation of a joint due to the presence of bacteria or related infective agents & is usually found in newborn foals?
|
Joint Ill (Navel Ill)
|
B - 158
|
|
|
What is an inflammation of the vagina marked by pain and a purulent discharge?
|
Vaginitis
|
B - 281
|
|
|
What are the 2 classifications of abortions?
|
Infectious & Non-Infectious
|
B - EVANS, TH2 425
|
|
|
What are the 2 major actions of luteinizing hormone?
|
Causes Ovulation, Initiates The Formation Of The Corpus Luteum
|
B - EVANS, TH2 339
|
|
|
What is an inherited genetic condition that rarely causes the death of a horse after birth, but can have such an affect on the horse that it can restrict either its potential use or reduce the length of its life?
|
Partial Lethal
|
B - 204
|
|
|
What is another name for an Entire?
|
Stallion
|
B - 97
|
|
|
What are the 2 most common methods used to manipulate the estrous cycle?
|
Artificial Lighting & Hormonal Stimulation
|
B - AYHC 930-3
|
|
|
What are the 2 parts of uterus?
|
Horn & Body
|
B - EVANS, TH2 320
|
|
|
What is breeding 2 related individuals usually at least 2 or 3 generations removed to intensify the inheritance from a particular ancestor?
|
Linebreeding
|
B - 169
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of cryptorchids & which will usually be infertile?
|
Unilateral & Bilateral, Bilateral Is Usually Infertile
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
What is copulation?
|
Sexual Intercourse
|
B - 68
|
|
|
What are the 3 distinct layers of the uterus?
|
Serous (Outer Layer), Myometrium, Endometrium (Innermost Layer)
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
What is induced parturition?
|
Starting Of The Birth Process By Administering Certain Drugs.
|
B - 151
|
|
|
What are the 3 main colors of horses that provide the basis for most of the other colors in color genetics?
|
Bay, Black & Chestnut
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What is lutalyse?
|
Hormone Used To Regulate Reproductive Functions In The Mare
|
B - 172
|
|
|
What are the 3 methods of castration?
|
Primary Closure Method, Closed Technique & Open Technique
|
B - EVANS, TH2 386
|
|
|
What is neonate?
|
Newborn Foal
|
B - 189
|
|
|
What are the 3 most commonly used hormones for the manipulation of estrous cycles?
|
Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Progesterone
|
B - AYHC 930-3
|
|
|
What is the automatic suckling when a finger or nipple is placed in a newborn foal's mouth?
|
Suckle Reflex (Suck Reflex)
|
B - 258
|
|
|
What are the 3 most genetically common colors of horses?
|
Bay, Black & Chestnut
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What is the breeding of closely related animals usually done to bring out specific desirable traits?
|
Inbreeding
|
B - 150
|
|
|
What are the 3 muscles associated with the scrotum & spermatic cord that contract during cool weather to draw the testes close to the body to raise the testicular temperature?
|
Tunica Dartos & Cremaster
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
What is the colorless liquid surrounding the fetus that contains acids, salts, cells & mucus?
|
Amniotic Fluid
|
B - 10
|
|
|
What are the 3 parts of the sperm cell?
|
Head, Neck & Tail
|
B - EVANS, TH2 363
|
|
|
What is the correct term for a characteristic that appears only when both members of a pair's genes are the same & is the opposite of dominant?
|
Recessive
|
B - 230
|
|
|
What are the 3 parts of the stallion's penis?
|
Root, Body (Shaft) & Glans Penis
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
What is the dominant gene that determines whether a horse will be a trotter or pacer?
|
Trotting Gene
|
B - 275
|
|
|
What are the 3 stages of labor during parturition?
|
1st Stage: Muscle Contractions To Water Bag Breaks, 2nd: Expulsion Of Foal, 3rd: Expulsion Of Afterbirth
|
B - EVANS, TH2 417
|
|
|
What is the genetic defect that causes premature death in the fetus or newborn foal with a genotype of WW & is associated with Paints and Pintos?
|
Lethal White
|
B - 167
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of gene expressions?
|
Dominance, Co-Dominance & Partial Dominance
|
B - EVANS, TH2 442
|
|
|
What is the grand dam of a horse?
|
The Grandmother Of A Horse
|
B - 124
|
|
|
What are the accessory sex glands of the stallion?
|
Seminal Vesicles, Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper's Gland), Prostate Gland
|
B - EVANS, TH2 360
|
|
|
What is the grand sire of a horse?
|
The Grandfather Of A Horse
|
B - 124
|
|
|
What are the designated sex chromosomes of the stallion & the mare?
|
Stallion - XY, Mare - XX
|
B - EVANS, TH2 461
|
|
|
What is the hymen?
|
Fold Of Mucous Membrane That Partially Or Completely Covers The Opening Of The Vagina
|
B - 146
|
|
|
What are the finger-like projections from the end of the infundibulum that surrounds the ovary?
|
Fimbriae
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
What is the large, brown, irregularity shaped, rubbery mass found in the allantoic fluid & is passed out with the foal at birth?
|
Hippomane
|
B - 140
|
|
|
What are the gonads?
|
Ovaries & Testicles
|
B - AYHC 910
|
|
|
What is the later stage of individual development within the uterus which follows the embryo stage?
|
Fetus
|
B - 106
|
|
|
What are the non-sex chromosomes called in the horse?
|
Autosomes
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
What is the leg restraint used on mares being bred to keep them from kicking & injuring the stallion?
|
Breeding Hobbles
|
B - 38
|
|
|
What are the normal temperature, respiration rate & heart rate during the first 4 days of a foal's life?
|
Temperature 99 - 102 Degrees F, Respiration Rate 20 - 40 Breaths Per Minute, Heart Rate 70 - 100 Beats Per Minute
|
B - AYHC 950-3
|
|
|
What is the lining of the uterus called?
|
Endometrium
|
B - 92
|
|
|
What are the ratios of colors that would result from repeated matings of 2 palominos?
|
1/4 Chestnut, 1/2 Palomino, 1/4 Cremello
|
B - EVANS, TH2 050
|
|
|
What is the period of rapid follicle growth in the estrous cycle just prior to "heat" or estrus?
|
Proestrus
|
B - 220
|
|
|
What can you do to prevent your foal from getting septicemia?
|
Treat Newborn's Navel Cord With Iodine Or Other Antibacterial Medication As Soon As Possible After Birth
|
B - AYHC 950-5
|
|
|
What is the period of the estrous cycle in female mammals that follows ovulation & is the characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum that lasts an average of 1-2 days?
|
Metestrus
|
B - 179
|
|
|
What color are the foal's hooves at birth?
|
Cream Or White
|
B - EVANS, TH2 082
|
|
|
What is the produce of a dam?
|
Offspring Of A Female Horse
|
B - 220
|
|
|
What condition does the Caslick operation prevent?
|
Pneumovagina (Windsucking)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 410
|
|
|
What is the scientific name for a mature sex cell?
|
Gamete
|
B - 118
|
|
|
What controls the expression of traits of the horse & are located on chromosomes?
|
Genes
|
B - EVANS, TH2 449
|
|
|
What is the short period of the estrous cycle between metestrus & proestrus that lasts about 14 -15 days?
|
Diestrus
|
B - 81
|
|
|
What does flagging of the stallion's tail indicate?
|
Ejaculation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 378
|
|
|
What is the single most common cause of female infertility where there is air present in the vagina that often leads to infections?
|
Pneumovagina (Wind Sucking)
|
B - 215
|
|
|
What does the word, genotype mean?
|
Genetic Make-Up Of An Animal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 458
|
|
|
What is the state of being capable of siring or bearing offspring or the start of sexual maturity?
|
Puberty
|
B - 222
|
|
|
What does the word, phenotype mean?
|
The Outward Appearance Of The Animal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 458
|
|
|
What is the term describing dominant character that produces 2 kinds of gametes, one that carries the dominant gene while the other carries the recessive gene?
|
Heterozygous Dominant
|
B - 139
|
|
|
What genetic term identifies the physical position of a gene on a chromosome?
|
Locus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 451
|
|
|
What is the term for a foal that is being raised without his dam?
|
Orphan Foal
|
B - 197
|
|
|
What happens to the offspring of roans & white horses whose genetic pattern is homozygous?
|
They Die In Early Fetal Development
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What is the term for a mare producing milk?
|
Lactating Mare
|
B - 163
|
|
|
What happens when there are 2 dominant white genes in a horse?
|
It Is Lethal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 053
|
|
|
What is the term for a mare's inability to produce milk such as when a mare grazes on fescue pasture during pregnancy?
|
Agalactia
|
B - 4
|
|
|
What hormone causes receptive behavior patterns observed in mares during heat & acts to prepare the uterus for receiving the embryo?
|
Estrogen
|
B - AYHC 910-6
|
|
|
What is the term for delivery in which the fetus' rump or hind feet are presented first in the birth canal?
|
Breech Birth
|
B - 38
|
|
|
What hormone is responsible for milk let down & contractions during parturition?
|
Oxytocin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
What is the term for delivery of a dead foal 300 or more days after conception?
|
Stillbirth
|
B - 256
|
|
|
What hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation & supporting the initial stages of corpus lutuem development?
|
LH
|
B - AYHC 910-6
|
|
|
What is the term for neutering a male horse?
|
Castration
|
B - 51
|
|
|
What injection should be given to the mare & foal after parturition?
|
Tetanus Antitoxin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
What is the term for the division of the sex cells?
|
Meiosis
|
B - 178
|
|
|
What is a common cause of death in older pregnant mares?
|
Uterine Arterial Hemorrhage
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What is the term for when part or the entire placenta has not passed after parturition?
|
Retained Placenta
|
B - 233
|
|
|
What is a cryptorchid?
|
Animal With One Or Both Testes Undescended Into The Scrotum
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
What is the yellowish-brown waste fluid originating in the placenta & kidneys that protects the fetus, lubricates the birth canal & is expelled upon rupture of the placenta?
|
Allantoic Fluid
|
B - 6
|
|
|
What is a foal called that is born with septicemia & is semi-comatose?
|
Sleeper
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What term describes a condition existing at & usually before birth which may or may not be inherited?
|
Congenital
|
B - 67
|
|
|
What is a funnel-like membrane that surrounds the ovary & catches the egg when it is released by the ovary?
|
Infundibulum
|
B - EVANS, TH2 319
|
|
|
What term describes anything occurring in the first month after birth?
|
Neonatal
|
B - 189
|
|
|
What is a major site for bacterial invasion into the newborn foal's body that should be treated with an iodine solution to prevent infection?
|
Navel Stump
|
B - AYHC 950-1
|
|
|
What term describes the ability to pass outstanding characteristics to offspring?
|
Prepotency
|
B - 220
|
|
|
What is a non-infectious disorder of the central nervous system in about 1 - 2% of newborn foals with gross abnormal behavior?
|
Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome (Also Called Convulsive Syndrome)
|
B - AYHC 950-8
|
|
|
What term describes the fertilization of the egg and the very beginning stage of growth of the embryo inside the mare called?
|
Conception
|
B - 63
|
|
|
What is a synthetic progestin compound that does not interact with the mare's natural progesterone & is used to regulate estrus early in the breeding season?
|
Regumate
|
B - AYHC 930-4
|
|
|
What term describes the result of crossing two different species, such as a mule or hinny?
|
Hybrid
|
B - 145
|
|
|
What is an allele?
|
Nonidentical Genes Located At Same Physical Position On A Chromosome
|
B - EVANS, TH2 451
|
|
|
What term is given to a mare that cycles continuously throughout the breeding season in absence of conception?
|
Polyestrus
|
B - 217
|
|
|
What is an embryo?
|
Fertilized Egg (Ovum) In The Very Early Stage Of Ovum Development
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
What test is used to help determine the parents of any particular horse by examining the red blood cells?
|
Blood Typing
|
B - 33
|
|
|
What is another name for convulsive syndrome?
|
Barker, Dummies Or Wanderers
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What type of selection is based on a combination of the merits of the individual & the average merits of his ancestry?
|
Pedigree Breeding
|
B - 207
|
|
|
What is another name for the genetically severed large intestine?
|
Atresia Coli
|
B - EVANS, TH2 517
|
|
|
When is a foal usually weaned from the dam?
|
4 To 6 Months
|
B - 288
|
|
|
What is another name for the prepuce?
|
Sheath
|
B - EVANS, TH2 359
|
|
|
Which female hormone is produced by developing follicles in the ovaries?
|
Estrogen
|
B - 100
|
|
|
What is dystocia?
|
Any Foaling Problem That Prevents Delivery Of The Foal By The Mare's Efforts Alone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 423
|
|
|
Why would it be necessary to perform a Caslick's operation?
|
To Help Reduce Infection And Improve Reproductive Rates.
|
B - 51
|
|
|
What is either of the 2 upper projections in the Y-shaped uterus of the mare, connecting the Fallopian tubes to the body of the uterus?
|
Uterine Horn
|
B - EVANS, TH2 078
|
|
|
A decrease in the mare's colostrum and milk production will have what 2 effects on the foal?
|
Decrease In The Foal's Passive Immunity And Decrease In The Foal's Growth Rate
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
What is endometritis?
|
Infections Of The Uterus (Inflammation Of Endometrium, The Mucous Membrane Of The Uterus)
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
A foal's ability to absorb colostral immunoglobulin decreases how soon after birth?
|
4 To 6 Hours
|
B - FCH p. 256
|
|
|
What is foal heat?
|
First Heat Period Following Foaling
|
B - EVANS, TH2 405
|
|
|
A less sexually aggressive stallion's libido may gradually improve over time by doing what 2 things?
|
Decreasing Regular Exercise; Increasing Dietary Energy Intake
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
What is generation interval?
|
Average Time Between The Birth Of Animals & Birth Of Their Replacements
|
B - EVANS, TH2 557
|
|
|
Abnormal testicular tone (mushy or exceptionally hard) can indicate what two health problems?
|
Testicular Degeneration; Fibrosis
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
What is GnRH?
|
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 408
|
|
|
Administering androgens (anabolic steroids or testosterone) can cause what two negative results?
|
Decreased Liver Function; Premature Closure Of Growth Plates In Young Horses
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
Although a vitamin A deficiency will not have a negative effect on reproductive ability, why is it important that broodmares have an adequate vitamin A intake?
|
Because The Mare's Colostrum Will Also Be Deficient In Vitamin A, Predisposing The Foal To Increased Risk Of Infectious Diseases.
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
What is it called when organs or tissue project through an abdominal opening & usually occur in the navel or scrotum areas?
|
Hernia
|
B - AYHC 950-9
|
|
|
Anabolic steroids can cause what type of behavior in fillies?
|
Stallion-Like Behavior, Increased Biting And Kicking
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
What is it called when there is a transfer of an embryo from one female to another which carries it to term?
|
Embryo Transfer
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
Artificial lighting to increase a stallion's fertility during breeding season should begin when?
|
2-3 Months Prior To The Start Of Breeding Season
|
B - FCH p. 226
|
|
|
What is mastitis?
|
Inflammation & Infection Of The Udder
|
B - AYHC 940-6
|
|
|
Because they have different nutritional needs and require different feeding programs, broodmares should be divided into what 4 groups?
|
Nonlactating Mares To Be Bred (Maiden Mares); Nonlactating Mares In The First 8 Months Of Pregnancy And Barren Mares; Mares In Their Last Trimester Of Pregnancy; Lactating Mares
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
What is one of the most common uses of human chorionic gonadotropin?
|
To Stimulate Follicles To Ovulate
|
B - EVANS, TH2 399
|
|
|
Being present during the birthing process makes it possible to do what 4 things?
|
Test Colostrum For Immunity Purposes; Provide Umbilical Care; Ensure Stool Passage; Begin Imprint Training
|
B - FCH p. 243
|
|
|
What is Pneumovagina?
|
When Air & Contaminants Are Sucked Into The Mare's Reproductive Tract
|
B - EVANS, TH2 409-4
|
|
|
Breeding stallions should be fed a diet similar in nutrient content to what group of horses?
|
Exercised Or Working Horses
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
What is the 6 - 8 inch long muscular mucous membrane-lined tube which communicates the vestibule of the vulva to the cervix?
|
Vagina
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
Continued attachment of the umbilical cord for the first several minutes following birth allows the foal to receive how much blood?
|
Up To 1.5 Quarts
|
B - FCH p. 246
|
|
|
What is the ability to pass on characteristics & qualities to offspring?
|
Prepotency Of Genes
|
B - AYHC 151-1
|
|
|
Dewormers containing what active ingredient should not be given to pregnant mares during the first trimester of pregnancy?
|
Benzimidazole
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the average length of the mare's estrous cycle?
|
4.5 - 7.5 Days
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
Different than other species, what causes twinning in mares?
|
Multiple (Usually) Double Ovulations, As Opposed To Splitting Of One Fertilized Ovum As In Other Species
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
What is the best choice for bedding in a foaling stall prior to parturition?
|
Straw
|
B - EVANS, TH2 417
|
|
|
Early embryonic losses can be minimized through what 5 management practices?
|
Sanitary Methods Used When Treating And Evaluating The Mare's Reproductive Tract; Vulvar Suturing If Indicated; Good Nutrition; Parasite Control; Good Vaccination Program; Administration Of Progestins When Indicated
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What is the best test of a breeding animal?
|
Type Of Offspring It Produces
|
B - EVANS, TH2 138
|
|
|
Excess energy intake by the mare will slightly decrease what 3 components of her milk during lactation?
|
Milk Fat; Energy; Protein Contents
|
B - FCH p. 234
|
|
|
What is the book of a stallion?
|
Mares To Be Bred To The Stallion
|
B - EVANS, TH2 393
|
|
|
Fetal gasping, the drawing of fluids and stool into the upper respiratory tract, can cause what condition?
|
Aspiration-Induced Pneumonia
|
B - FCH p. 249
|
|
|
What is the 'book' of a stallion?
|
Mares To Be Bred To A Stallion
|
B - EVANS, TH2 393
|
|
|
Foals that are born with an enlarged thyroid gland or goiter is caused by what?
|
Inadequate Or Excess Iodine Intake By Their Dam
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
What is the chief function of the stallion's scrotum?
|
Thermoregulatory
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
Foals identify their dam by what two senses?
|
Smell And Sight
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
What is the destruction of red blood cells of the foal by the serum antibodies in the mare's colostrum?
|
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (Hemolytic Icterus, Foal Jaundice)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 509
|
|
|
Foals receiving adequate colostrum from a properly vaccinated mare may have adequate protection from equine encephalomyelitis for how long?
|
Up To 6 Months
|
B - FCH p. 170
|
|
|
What is the difference between the mare's estrus & diestrus cycles?
|
Estrus -Mare Is Receptive To Stallion & Encourages Mating, Diestrus-Mare Is Not Receptive To Stallion & Will Resist Him
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
For maximum reproductive efficiency, the mare prior to breeding should be in what condition relating to her weight?
|
Moderately Fleshy Or Heavier, Or Body Score Of 6 Or Greater
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
What is the distensible muscle that acts as a physical barrier between the vagina & uterus?
|
Cervix
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
How can threadworms in the foal be prevented?
|
By Giving An Effective Dewormer To The Mare The Day Of Foaling And To The Foal At 2-3 Weeks Of Age.
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
What is the effect of LH on the mare?
|
Stimulates Ovulation, Supports The Initial Stages Of Corpus Luteum Development
|
B - AYHC 910-9
|
|
|
How can windsucking be detected?
|
By Placing The Flat Of One Hand On Each Vulvar Lip And Gently Parting Them While Listening For The Sound Of Aspirated Air.
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the expulsion of the fetus prior to 300 days of gestation?
|
Abortion
|
B - EVANS, TH2 425
|
|
|
How many hours of total light per day are needed to stimulate ovulation in mares?
|
16 Hours Per Day
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the external opening to the mare's reproductive canal?
|
Vulva
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
How many progressively motile spermatozoa should be used per insemination?
|
400 Million To 500 Million
|
B - FCH p. 226
|
|
|
What is the first defecation of a foal following parturition?
|
Meconium
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
How much light is required for artificial lighting to be effective in stimulating ovulation in mares?
|
A Minimum Of 2 Footcandles
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the first heat period following parturition called?
|
Foal Heat
|
B - EVANS, TH2 405
|
|
|
How much salt-calcium-phosphorus mineral mix is needed per day by the mare in her last 3 months of pregnancy?
|
2-8 Ounces Per Mare
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
What is the first step in freezing horse semen?
|
Collecting A Gel-Free Semen
|
B - EVANS, TH2 382
|
|
|
How should colostrum be properly stored and what is the shelf life?
|
Stored In Clean Plastic Container; Frozen At 0-5 Degrees Fahrenheit For Up To 1 Year
|
B - FCH p. 257
|
|
|
What is the first thing that should be done when a foal is first born?
|
Check To See If It Is Breathing
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
How soon after breeding is it possible to examine a mare for pregnancy?
|
15-25 Days
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What is the fluid portion of the semen consisting of testicular, epididymal & accessory sex gland secretions called?
|
Seminal Plasma
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
If a mare has had a Caslick's Operation, what is necessary prior to foaling?
|
What Was Surgically Closed Must Be Opened
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the function of corpus luteum?
|
Maintains Pregnancy Through The Production Of Progesterone
|
B - AYHC 910-7
|
|
|
If air is aspirated into the vagina when the vulvar lips are spread, what should be done to treat this?
|
A Caslick's Operation
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the function of the vesicular glands in the stallion?
|
Responsible For Secreting The 'Gel Fraction' To The Semen
|
B - EVANS, TH2 360
|
|
|
If the scrotal width of a breeding age stallion of a light horse breed is less than 80mm (3 1/8 inches), why is it recommended that this stallion not be used for breeding?
|
Stallions With Small Testes Are Potentially Poor Producers Of Spermatozoa, And Testicular Size Is Inheritable.
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
What is the gene for roaning?
|
Rn
|
B - EVANS, TH2 486
|
|
|
Lack of exercise will predispose the foal to what ailment?
|
Contracted Flexor Tendons
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
What is the genus & species of the true zebra?
|
Equus Zebra
|
B - EVANS, TH2 449
|
|
|
Lifting a new foal by its chest or abdomen may cause what?
|
Fracture Of Ribs Or Damage Internal Organs
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
What is the heritability estimate when looking at the horse's traits?
|
Percentage Of A Horse's Expressed Traits That Is Due To Genetics
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
Name 2 aspects of the stallion's breeding reproductive performance should be monitored continuously during the breeding season?
|
% Of Pregnancies Per Service; Number Of Breedings Or Inseminations Per Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate (%) By Month And By Cycle
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
What is the hormone necessary for normal sexual behavior & function in stallions?
|
Testosterone
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
Name 3 times that a breeding stallion should be evaluated for breeding soundness.
|
Before Purchase; Before Each Breeding Season; To Estimate The Number Of Breedings Or Inseminations That Can Be Made During A Season; When Lower Fertility Is Suspected; When It Is Desirable To Increase The Number Of Mares To Be Bred; When Abnormal Sexual Behavior Is Observed; When The Stallion Is Suspected Of Carrying A Potential Disease Producing Organism
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
What is the initial step in an embryo transfer?
|
Synchronizing The Ovulations Of Donor & Recipient Mares
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
Normal behavioral activities of a foal can be hastened or delayed by what two conditions?
|
Illness/Disease And Excessive Human Interference
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
What is the initial step in breeding a mare?
|
Restraining The Mare
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
Pandiculation should occur when and what are the benefits?
|
Pandiculation (Standing And Stretching) Occurs At About 4 Hours Of Age; It Straightens Tendons And Joints; Assists In Athletic Development, And Self-Corrects Contracted Tendons
|
B - FCH p. 247-8
|
|
|
What is the length of the average estrous cycle?
|
21 - 23 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
Pneumonia, septicemia, and diarrhea can occur as a result in a deficiency of one or more of what 3 nutrients?
|
Vitamin A, Vitamin E, And Selenium
|
B - FCH p. 253
|
|
|
What is the length of the average gestation period?
|
335 - 340 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 342
|
|
|
Pony breed broodmares are particularly susceptible to what two conditions when their dietary energy needs are not met?
|
Depression And Elevation In Blood Lipids
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
What is the length of the gestation period for the American Miniature Horse?
|
11 Months
|
B - AYHC 154-2
|
|
|
Prolonged estrus is more common in what breed-type of horses?
|
Draft Breeds
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
What is the length of time required for spermatogenesis & epididymis maturation in the stallion?
|
About 65 Days
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
Protein deficiency in broodmares causes what breeding problems?
|
Failure To Ovulate Or Early Embryonic Death
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
What is the main body of the penis called?
|
Shaft
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
Rhinopneumonitis (EHV) killed virus vaccine should be given at what 3 stages of pregnancy?
|
5Th, 7Th, And 9Th Months
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the main function of the scrotum?
|
Encloses The Testicles & Serves As A Thermo-Regulator
|
B - EVANS, TH2 355
|
|
|
Seventy-five percent of kinesthetic activity of foals is in what form and why is it important?
|
Play; Provides Exercise, Socialization, Physical Development, And Practice Of Adult Behavior
|
B - FCH p. 248
|
|
|
What is the major advantage of artificial insemination?
|
More Mare Per Season Can Be Bred
|
B - EVANS, TH2 376
|
|
|
Severe malnutrition in pregnant mares may affect gestation in what manner?
|
A Gestation Period Lengthened By 4 To 10 Days
|
B - FCH p. 242
|
|
|
What is the mare called that carries a fertilized egg to term that was removed from another mare?
|
Recipient Mare
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
Straw bedding is preferred over wood shavings in a foaling stall for what 2 reasons?
|
Wood Shavings Are: More Easily Drawn Into The Vagina, Are More Abrasive, And Are Associated With Foal Diarrhea
|
B - FCH p. 243
|
|
|
What is the mare called that has a fertilized egg removed from her & place in another mare?
|
Donor Mare
|
B - EVANS, TH2 411
|
|
|
Sufficient daylight results in increased secretion of what 2 hormones in mares?
|
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) And Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
What is the medical procedure used to close the mare's vulva to prevent her from sucking air & debris into her reproductive tract?
|
Caslick's Operation (Episoplasty)
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
Supplementing the brood mare with what 2 vitamins are recommended for mares not grazing on green grass?
|
Beta-Carotene And Vitamin E
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
What is the more common term for the rupture of the chorio-allantoic membrane during pregnancy?
|
Breaking Of The Water Bag
|
B - AYHC 940-4
|
|
|
Tetanus toxoid should be given to the broodmare twice. When should these injections be given?
|
Before Breeding And During The 9Th Month Of Pregnancy
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of abnormal sexual behavior leading to infertility?
|
Mismanagement
|
B - EVANS, TH2 374
|
|
|
The average fertile stallion's first ejaculation usually contains enough progressively motile spermatozoa to breed how many mares?
|
12-20 Mares
|
B - FCH p. 226
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of infertility in mares?
|
Pneumovagina Or Wind Sucking
|
B - EVANS, TH2 409-4
|
|
|
The breeding stallion requires an increase in only which nutrient?
|
Energy
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
What is the most common term for episoplasty, which is the artificially sealing by sutures of the labia of the vulva together?
|
Caslick's Operation
|
B - AYHC 910-1
|
|
|
The mare passes the placenta how soon after birth?
|
Anywhere From 15 To 90 Minutes After Foaling
|
B - FCH p. 246
|
|
|
What is the most difficult part of parturition?
|
Passage Of The Shoulders Of The Foal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 422
|
|
|
The mare should be on the farm and in the area where she will foal when in relation to her foaling date?
|
No Later Than 1 Month Prior To Her Expected Foaling Date
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the most frequent cause of twin abortions?
|
Fetal Malnutrition Due To Insufficient Surface Area For Placenta Attachment
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
The number of spermatozoa a stallion is able to produce is directly related to the size of what body part?
|
Testes
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
What is the most popular method of pregnancy diagnosis?
|
Rectal Palpation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 346
|
|
|
To produce the best possible foaling conditions, what 3 elements must be in place?
|
Proper Feeding Program; Adequate Vaccination Program; Mare Should Be In Foaling Location At Least 1 Month Prior To Foaling
|
B - FCH p. 242
|
|
|
What is the multi-layered, hollow, Y-shaped organ in the female reproductive system?
|
Uterus
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
What is the name for an enlarged preovulatory follicle?
|
Graafian Follicle
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
Variations in the amount of energy ingested by the lactating mare do not affect their concentrations in her milk, however it does affect what?
|
The Mare's Body Condition
|
B - FCH p. 234
|
|
|
Weight loss by the pregnant mare does not have a negative effect on birth weight, but does have a negative effect on what?
|
Colostrum And Milk Production
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
What is the name for the thin, transparent membrane that surrounds the foal at birth & must be removed so the foal can breathe?
|
Amnion
|
B - AYHC 940-4
|
|
|
What % of the mare's body weight will she produce in milk by the 5th month of lactation?
|
2%
|
B - FCH p. 234
|
|
|
What is the name of the enlarged pre-ovulatory follicle?
|
Graafian Follicle
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
What % of the mare's body weight will she produce in milk during the first 2 months of lactation?
|
3-4%
|
B - FCH p. 234
|
|
|
What is the name of the hormone responsible for testosterone production in the stallion?
|
LH - Luteinizing Hormone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 127
|
|
|
What 2 vaccinations are not recommended for pregnant mares?
|
Rabies; Anthrax
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the name of the hormone that signals the start of the reproductive season?
|
Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
What 3 criteria should meet before breeding a mare during foal heat?
|
Delivery Of The Foal Without Difficulty; Passing Of Placenta Within 3 Hours; Strong Healthy Foal That Nurses Within 1 Hour; Cervix Free Of Bruises And Abnormal Discharge; Uterus That Is Significantly Reduced In Size And Without Fluid Accumulation
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What is the name of the procedure used to identify mares in estrus?
|
Teasing
|
B - AYHC 930-1
|
|
|
What 4 vaccines should be given to the broodmare at the 9th month of pregnancy?
|
Rhinopneumonitis Killed Virus Vaccine; Influenza; Encephalomyelitis; Tetanus Toxoid
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the only hybrid shown to be fertile?
|
Crosses Between Przewalski's Horse & The Horse
|
B - EVANS, TH2 449
|
|
|
What activity will prevent edema in a stalled pregnant mare?
|
Hand Walking 15 To 20 Minutes Daily
|
B - FCH p. 243
|
|
|
What is the powerful middle layer of the uterus that is responsible for contractions which expel the foal at birth?
|
Myometrium
|
B - AYHC 910-3
|
|
|
What are 2 advantages of breeding a mare during foal heat?
|
If Successful, The Foal Is Born Earlier The Next Year; A More Consistently Occurring Estrus And Ovulation Than Subsequent Heat Periods; An Additional Heat Period In Which To Breed
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What is the preferred bedding for a foaling stall?
|
Clean Straw
|
B - AYHC I230
|
|
|
What are 2 major reasons for low reproductive performance in mares as compared to other domestic farm animals?
|
Poor Reproductive Management; Uterine Infections; Irregular Estrous Cycles
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the primary environmental cue regulating season reproductive activity in the mare?
|
Length Of Daylight
|
B - AYHC 920-9
|
|
|
What are 4 advantages of using artificial insemination?
|
Eliminates Contamination; Prevents Spread Of Venereal Disease; Provides More Pregnancies In A Given Season; Protects Stallion, Mare And Foal From Injury.
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What is the primary function of the epididymis?
|
Place Where Sperm Matures & Is Stored
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
What are the 3 functions of estrogen in the mare?
|
Stimulates The Brain To Induce Sexual Receptivity; Causes Secretion Of LH, Increases Uterine, Cervical And Vaginal Secretions Conducive To Mating And Sperm Transport
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
What is the primary function of the scrotum?
|
Temperature Regulation Of The Testes
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
What are the 3 most accurate methods of predicting foal heat conception?
|
Palpation; Ultrasonography; Teasing
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What is the primary function of the scrotum?
|
Maintaining Proper Temperature For Sperm Production
|
B - AYHC I227
|
|
|
What are the 3 most common causes of blood in the semen?
|
Bacteria Induced Inflammation Of The Urethra; Trauma; Habronemiasis (Summer Sores) On The Urethral Process.
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
What is the production of spermatozoa called?
|
Spermatogenesis
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
What are the 5 procedures for diagnosing pregnancy?
|
Ultrasonography; Rectal Palpation By A Skilled Examiner; Elevated Plasma Progesterone Concentration; Gonodotropin (ECG Or PMSG) Can Be Detected In The Blood; Elevated Serum, Urine, Milk And Fecal Estrone Sulfate And Total Unconjugated Estrogen Concentrations Can Be Detected
|
B - FCH p. 239
|
|
|
What is the proper name for the membrane that surrounds the foal & breaks just prior to birth?
|
Allanton-Chorionic Membrane
|
B - EVANS, TH2 418
|
|
|
What are the average heart rates of a newborn foal and how do they change during the first day of life?
|
60 Beats Per Minute At Birth; 80 To 130 Beats Per Minute At 5-10 Minutes Of Life
|
B - FCH p. 249
|
|
|
What is the recommended age to wean foals?
|
4 - 6 Months
|
B - AYHC
|
|
|
What are the normal behavioral nursing and sleep patterns of a newborn foal?
|
Nursing Within 30 To 90 Minutes After Standing; Drowsiness/Sleep Occurring 1.5 To 4 Hours After Birth With A Duration Of 7 Minutes; Waking To Nurse Again
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
What is the relationship of 2 fillies that have the same sire & dam?
|
Full Sisters
|
B - EVANS, TH2
|
|
|
What are two good predictors of initiation of foaling?
|
Changes In Rectal Temperature And Calcium Concentrations Of Mammary Secretions
|
B - FCH p. 245
|
|
|
What is the relationship of foals that have the same dam but are by different sires?
|
Maternal Half-Sibs Or Half Brother & Sisters
|
B - EVANS, TH2 537
|
|
|
What happens to the semen when there is blood in it?
|
Semen Is Sterile
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
What is the relationship of foals that have the same sire but are out of different dams?
|
Paternal Half-Sibs Or Half Brother/Sister
|
B - EVANS, TH2 537
|
|
|
What is a good test of whether the light used in artificial lighting is strong enough to stimulate ovulation in mares?
|
If A Newspaper Can Be Easily Read From Any Corner Of The Stall Or Pen
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the scientific name for the sheath?
|
Prepuce
|
B - EVANS, TH2 359
|
|
|
What is a major cause of a failure of adequate passive antibody transfer to a foal?
|
Colostrum Loss Before Foaling (Colostrum Streaming)
|
B - FCH p. 255
|
|
|
What is the short estrus period soon after foaling called?
|
Foal Heat
|
B - AYHC 940-5
|
|
|
What is the average total scrotal width of normal stallions of light horse breeds of all ages taken early in spring?
|
85-130Mm (3.25 To 5 Inches)
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
What is the simplest method of bringing a mare into estrus prior to the natural breeding season?
|
Artificial Lighting
|
B - AYHC 930-3
|
|
|
What is the benefit to having the mare on the farm and in the area where she will foal 1 month prior to her expected foaling date?
|
Allows Her To Be Exposed To And Develop Immunity Against Infectious Organisms In That Environment. This Immunity Will Be Passed On To The Foal Through The Mare's Colostrum.
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the study of hormones & their effects?
|
Endocrinology
|
B - AYHC 910
|
|
|
What is the major predisposing cause of vaginal infections in mares?
|
Windsucking
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the term for a condition that results in embryonic death?
|
True Lethal
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
What is the most common, practical and accurate means of detecting estrus in the mare?
|
Exposing Her To A Male Horse
|
B - FCH p. 235
|
|
|
What is the term for a mare that is not pregnant but was bred in the previous or current season?
|
Barren Mare
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
What is the name of the endophyte that can infest Tall Fescue grass and causes fescue toxicosis in pregnant and lactating mares?
|
Acremonium Coenophialum
|
B - FCH p. 109
|
|
|
What is the term for a mare that is nursing a foal?
|
Wet Mare
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
What is the proper lifting technique of newborn foals?
|
One Arm Under The Rump And Another Arm Under The Chest
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
What is the term for blood stream infections?
|
Septicemia
|
B - EVANS, TH2 429
|
|
|
What is the purpose to leaving fetal fluids and membranes near the mare following foaling?
|
It Is Thought That The Mare Identifies Her Foal Through Smelling The Fetal Fluids And Membranes (Helps Her Recognize The Foal; Identification)
|
B - FCH p. 246
|
|
|
What is the term for characteristics that predispose an animal to disease conditions because of environmental factors, but do not in themselves cause disease?
|
Partial Lethal
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
What is the term for a strong membrane partition which divides the vagina and causes problems at foaling?
|
Persistent Medium Septum
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the term for characteristics that ultimately result in death?
|
Delayed Lethals
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
What percent of mares bred annually in the United States produce live foals?
|
55-60%
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the term for the number of spermatozoa which can be collected per a 24-hour period from a stallion & is determined by collecting the stallion daily for 7 days?
|
Daily Sperm Output (DSO)
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
What percentage of Thoroughbred mare pregnancies are twins?
|
3.5%
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
What is the term for the oil product of the sebaceous glands that build up in the end of the penis?
|
Smegma
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
What percentage of twin foals born alive live & remain alive for more than 2 weeks?
|
8%
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
What is the term for the secretions of the testes, epididymis & accessory glands mixed with spermatozoa?
|
Semen
|
B - AYHC 920-5
|
|
|
What should be provided to the mare in her last 3 months of pregnancy to avoid calcium and phosphorous deficiencies?
|
Free Access To A Salt-Calcium-Phosphorus Mineral Mix As The Only Salt Available.
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
What is the term used to describe the sexual drive?
|
Libido
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
When a twin pregnancy is detected, what will happen if the mare's owner decides to do nothing within the first 50 days of pregnancy?
|
Doing Nothing Will Result In 60-65% Aborting Both Twins, 5-10% Aborting One Twin By Day 42
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
What is the term used when EVR causes a high percentage of mares on one farm to abort?
|
Abortion Storm
|
B - EVANS, TH2 598
|
|
|
When does the fertilized ovum pass through the oviduct and enter the uterus?
|
5-6 Days After Ovulation
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the time period that occurs during the winter months when a mare is in sexual inactivity?
|
Anestrous
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
When does the placenta begin to produce progesterone?
|
80-100 Days Into The Pregnancy
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
What is the unique feature of a bit with a mouth piece make from copper?
|
Copper Increases Salivation & Makes Mouth More Responsive To The Bit
|
B - AYHC 1100-
|
|
|
When multiple pre-ovulatory follicles are detected by rectal examination or ultrasound, what 2 methods can be taken to reduce the chance of twinning?
|
Not Breeding That Estrus Period; Breeding Once Only At 12 To 24 Hours After The 1St Ovulation In Hopes That Only The Ovum From The 2Nd Ovulation Is Viable
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
What is the usual dilution ratio for AI?
|
1:1 Or 1:4
|
B - EVANS, TH2 381
|
|
|
When must a foal be born in order to be classified as a premature birth?
|
Less Than 320 Days Of Gestation
|
B - FCH p. 242
|
|
|
What is usually applied to the navel stump to cause closure of the urachus?
|
Silver Nitrate Or It Is Sutured
|
B - EVANS, TH2 427
|
|
|
When should a persistent medium septum be removed?
|
Well In Advance Of Breeding To Allow For Healing
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What kind of bedding is preferred for a foaling stall?
|
Straw
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
When should the feed of a lactating mare be gradually decreased?
|
In Preparation For Weaning
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
What part of the ovary contains the ova when a filly is born?
|
Cortex
|
B - AYHC 910-4
|
|
|
When should the pregnant mare receive her last deworming prior to foaling?
|
At Least 1-2 Months Prior To Foaling
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What period of time during a mare's pregnancy would not be a good time to deworm her?
|
During The Last 30 Days Of Gestation
|
B - AYHC 940-2
|
|
|
When using artificial insemination, how many mares can be inseminated by a single stallion in a day?
|
20-40
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What phase of the estrous cycle occurs when the mare's attitude toward the stallion varies from noninterest to complete resentment?
|
Diestrus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
Which 3 elements of a ration require the greatest increase for fetal growth and development and lactation?
|
Protein, Calcium, Phosphorous
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
What phase of the estrous cycle occurs when the mare's attitude towards the stallion varies from non-interest to complete resentment?
|
Diestrus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
Which 3 physical attributes of the stallion may help to estimate his fertility?
|
General Health; Musculoskeletal Soundness; Behavior; Libido Genital Health; Testicular Size; Testicular Tone
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What phase of the mare's estrus cycle comes after she ovulates?
|
Diestrus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 323
|
|
|
Which internal parasites are passed to the foal through the mare's milk and cause intestinal and respiratory damage to the foal?
|
Threadworms
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
What primary sex organs produce the germinal sex cells as well as the sex hormones?
|
Testicles & Ovaries
|
B - EVANS, TH2 128
|
|
|
Which vaccine prevents shaker foal syndrome?
|
Clostridium Botulinum Type B Or Botulism Toxoid
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What process is used to prevent aspirating air & contaminants from entering the vulva of mares?
|
Caslick's Operation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 394
|
|
|
After what age does a mare's reproductive ability start to decrease?
|
15-18 Years
|
B - HIH 940-1
|
|
|
What process would use these items: Chambers Catheter, Speculum, Syringe, Phantom & AV liner?
|
Artificial Insemination
|
B - EVANS, TH2 379-3
|
|
|
At what part of a mare's estrous cycle is she not responsive to the stallion?
|
Diestrus
|
B - HIH 910-5
|
|
|
What reproductive hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus in response to environmental cues such as day length?
|
Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
During its first week of life, how often does a foal normally nurse?
|
As Often As 7 Times Per Hour
|
B - AYHC 112-2L
|
|
|
What term describes a mare that has never been bred?
|
Maiden Mare
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
During which stage of the mare's reproductive cycle will she exhibit eversion of the vulva?
|
Estrus
|
B - HIH 910-1
|
|
|
What term describes a mare that is not pregnant & was not bred in the previous or current season?
|
Open Mare
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
Fertilization of the ovum occurs in the oviduct in an area below the infundibulum known as the what?
|
Ampulla
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
What term describes any foaling problem that prevents delivery of foal by the mare's efforts alone?
|
Dystocia
|
B - EVANS, TH2 423
|
|
|
How does the scrotum regulate testicular temperature?
|
By Raising Or Lowering The Testicles Close To Or Away From The Body & Also By Sweating
|
B - HIH 920-4
|
|
|
What term describes nonidentical genes that are located at the same physical position on a chromosome?
|
Alleles
|
B - EVANS, TH2 451
|
|
|
How is it determined that a stallion has ejaculated while breeding a mare?
|
Tail Flagging
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
What term describes the failure to show behavioral signs of estrus?
|
Silent Heat
|
B - EVANS, TH2 327
|
|
|
How long does it take a foal's immune system to become functional & able to produce significant levels of antibodies?
|
2 To 4 Months Of Age
|
B - AYHC 112-2L
|
|
|
What term describes the minimum number of spermatozoa produced within a 24-hour period?
|
Daily Sperm Production (DSP)
|
B - AYHC 920-4
|
|
|
How long prior to foaling should mares be removed from fescue pastures?
|
60-90 Days
|
B - AYHC 230-2
|
|
|
What term describes the techniques of estrus detection?
|
Teasing
|
B - EVANS, TH2 014
|
|
|
How many hours of light are necessary per day to bring a mare into heat prior to the normal breeding season & what other function does this increased amount of light initiate?
|
Need 16 Hours Of Light For The Onset Of The Estrus Cycle & It Also Initiates Shedding Of The Winter Hair Coat
|
B - AYHC 336-2L
|
|
|
What type of genetic action is when a particular trait is influenced by a single pair of genes or maybe 2 or 3 pairs of genes such as the dilution of bay to buckskin?
|
Qualitative Gene Action
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
How often does a mare's estrous cycle repeat during the season of the reproductive activity?
|
Every 21-23 Days
|
B - HIH 910-5
|
|
|
What type of genetic action is when many genes have an effect on the same trait & they are added together to produce that trait in a horse such as speed?
|
Quantitative Gene Action
|
B - AYHC 1020-
|
|
|
In reference to female reproduction, what are the 5 classifications of mares?
|
Open, Pregnant, Barren, Maiden & Lactating
|
B - AYHC 230-1
|
|
|
What type of response results from behavioral urinalysis by the stallion or teasing a mare to determine if she is in estrus & involves a curling of the upper lip of the stallion?
|
Flehmen Response
|
B - EVANS, TH2 121
|
|
|
In reference to the "System for scoring behavioral estrus in mares," what are the behavior characteristics of a mare that is scored as a "1"?
|
Not Aggressive Towards The Stallion But Looks Away Or Is Not Interested
|
B - AYHC 336-1L
|
|
|
What types of chromosomes are the X & Y chromosomes?
|
Sex Chromosomes
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
In the newborn foal, what site allows easy access for bacterial invasion into the body?
|
Navel Stump
|
B - AYHC 112-1L
|
|
|
What vaccine should be given to brood mares at the fifth, seventh & ninth months of pregnancy?
|
Rhinopneumonitis
|
B - AYHC 445-3
|
|
|
In what part of the mare's reproductive tract does the fetus develop?
|
Uterus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 316
|
|
|
What virus is the most devastating bacterial cause of pneumonia in foals?
|
Rhodococcus Equi (Pronounced Road-O-Cock-Us)
|
B - AYHC 950-7
|
|
|
In what part of the stallion's reproductive tract, do sperm undergo modifications or maturation?
|
Epididymis
|
B - HIH 920-4
|
|
|
What would sodium carbosymethyl cellulose be used for?
|
Lubricant In Rectal Examination
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
Name 5 behaviors of the mare in diestrus towards a stallion.
|
Biting, Kicking, Striking, Squealing, Tail Switching
|
B - AYHC 226-2L
|
|
|
When a stallion extends his neck upward & curls his upper lip during the teasing process, what is the action called?
|
Flehman Reflex Or Olfactory Reflex
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
Name the parts of the reproductive tract of the mare.
|
Vulva, Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, Oviducts & Ovaries
|
B - HIH 910-1
|
|
|
When antibiotics are used during AI, the diluted semen should not be used for how long, in order for the antibiotics to be effective?
|
20 - 30 Minutes
|
B - EVANS, TH2 382
|
|
|
The allantois, amnion & chorion comprise what structure?
|
Fetal Placenta
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
When do 'wax beads' appear on the teats of a mare?
|
A Few Hours To 2 - 4 Days Before Foaling
|
B - AYHC 940-3
|
|
|
The gestation period of a mare carrying a horse foal is approximately how many days shorter than it would if she were carrying a mule fetus?
|
10 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 343
|
|
|
When does a mare's reproductive ability begin to decrease?
|
Usually After 16 Years Of Age
|
B - AYHC 940-1
|
|
|
The mare's estrous cycle is divided into 2 distinct time periods, name them.
|
Estrus & Diestrus
|
B - HIH 910-5
|
|
|
When does the sex drive of a newly castrated gelding usually subside?
|
4 - 6 Months After Castration
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
The ovary is responsible for the production of which 2 female hormones?
|
Estrogen & Progesterone
|
B - HIH 910-4
|
|
|
When is a mare usually anestrus?
|
In Winter/During Shorter Daylight Hours
|
B - AYHC 910-5
|
|
|
What are the tubes for the transportation of semen from the epididymis through the shaft of the penis?
|
Vas Deferens
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
When is it possible for a foal to have a positive Coggins test reaction, when it is in reality a false reaction?
|
When Foal Is Nursing From A Coggins Positive Mare
|
B - AYHC 630-1
|
|
|
What color are a horse's hooves at birth?
|
Usually White
|
B - EVANS, TH2 082
|
|
|
When is the most critical time for proper nutrition in the pregnant mare?
|
9 - 11 Months
|
B - AYHC 750-7
|
|
|
What hormone in the mare is responsible for stimulating ovulation & supporting the initial stages of corpus luteum development?
|
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
|
B - HIH 910-6
|
|
|
When is the optimal time to breed a mare?
|
Just Before Ovulation
|
B - EVANS, TH2 396
|
|
|
What is a bilateral cryptorchid stallion & can they be used for breeding?
|
Stallion That Has Retained Both Testicles In The Body Cavity & No Because They Are Infertile Due To Suppressed Spermatogenesis
|
B - HIH 920-1
|
|
|
When would breeding on the foal heat be appropriate?
|
Only If Mare Had A Normal Delivery & Reproductive Tract Is Normal
|
B - EVANS, TH2 399
|
|
|
What is a common method of diagnosing pregnancy in the mare?
|
Rectal Palpation Or Ultrasound
|
B - EVANS, TH2 346
|
|
|
Where is the site of spermatogenesis & production of testosterone?
|
Testes
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
What is a nurse mare?
|
Lactating Mare That Is Known For Its Foster Mother Qualities, Readily Willing To Take On A Strange Foal Let It Nurse
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
Which 2 hormones stimulate the gonads?
|
FSH & LH
|
B - AYHC 910
|
|
|
What is a wet mare?
|
Mare Nursing A Foal
|
B - HIH 940-1
|
|
|
Which gene is responsible for mottled, varnish roan, blanket with spots, blankets, frost, leopard & a few leopard spots in horses?
|
Leopard Gene, Lp
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What is genetic influence?
|
Portion Of Characteristics Or Traits Passed From Parents To Offspring
|
B - AYHC 335-1
|
|
|
Which genetic lethal can be traced to the Percheron stallion, Superb, that causes death as a result of the failure to eliminate feces?
|
Atresia Coli (Severed Large Intestine)
|
B - EVANS, TH2 517
|
|
|
What is passive transfer of immunity?
|
When A Newborn Foal Receives Antibodies From The Mare Through The Colostrum
|
B - AYHC 112-2L
|
|
|
Which highly contagious disease causes about 90% of all foal diarrhea outbreaks & usually occurs in foals about 70 days old?
|
Rotavirus
|
B - AYHC 950-7
|
|
|
What is spermatogenesis?
|
Process Of Producing Sperm Cells
|
B - HIH 920
|
|
|
Which hormone can be used on pregnant mares to cause abortions?
|
Prostaglandin
|
B - AYHC 930-4
|
|
|
What is the accessory sex gland that contributes the first fraction of the semen volume & is considered the presperm fraction?
|
Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper's Gland)
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
Which hormone initiates lactation?
|
Prolactin
|
B - EVANS, TH2 127
|
|
|
What is the accessory sex gland that contributes the gel fraction of the semen?
|
Seminal Vesicles
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
Which hormone stimulates the growth of follicles?
|
FSH
|
B - AYHC 910-6
|
|
|
What is the correct name for the membranous organ referred to as the afterbirth?
|
Placenta
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
Which inherited lethal was originally called the Fredericksborg Lethal?
|
Lethal White Gene, W
|
B - EVANS, TH2 513
|
|
|
What is the function of the cilia in the oviducts?
|
Transport The Ovum Down The Oviduct & For Moving Sperm In The Opposite Direction
|
B - HIH 910-4
|
|
|
Which of the pinto patterns is considered to be dominant?
|
Tobiano
|
B - EVANS, TH2 048
|
|
|
Which organ is considered to be the 'master organ' of the male reproductive system because it is the site for production of spermatozoa & testosterone?
|
Testes
|
B - AYHC 920-1
|
|
|
What is the general term for the substance emitted by the stallion during the breeding of a mare?
|
Semen
|
B - EVANS, TH2 365
|
|
|
Which pinto pattern is associated with the lethal white foal syndrome?
|
Overo
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What is the main organ for the ejaculation of semen?
|
Penis
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
Why are all roan colored horses heterozygous Rnrn?
|
All Homozygous Roan Horses Die In Early Fetal Development & Are Never Born
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What is the master organ & site for production of spermatozoa & testosterone?
|
Testes
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
Why are all white horses heterozygous?
|
Because White Homozygotes Die Early In Development
|
B - AYHC 1040-
|
|
|
What is the portion of the oviduct where it narrows to join the uterus called?
|
Isthmus
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
Why are hybrids usually sterile?
|
They Do Not Produce Functional Sex Cells Due To A Failure In The Rearrangement Of Chromosomes
|
B - EVANS, TH2 449
|
|
|
What is the primary function of FSH in the stallion?
|
Stimulates Spermatogenesis Or The Production Of Sperm
|
B - HIH 290
|
|
|
Why don't females suffer from X-linked hereditary diseases?
|
Females Have To Be Homozygous For Trait To Suffer From It & Would Have To Receive Abnormal Gene From Both Parents. Most Affected Males Do Not Live To Reproductive Age & Therefore Do Not Sire Foals
|
B - AYHC 1060-
|
|
|
What is the purpose of the Caslick operation?
|
To Seal The Vulva Thus Preventing Air & Debris From Being Sucked Into The Internal Reproductive Tract Of The Mare
|
B - HIH 910-1
|
|
|
Why is it preferable to break the umbilical cord rather than to cut it?
|
Usually Have Less Bleeding
|
B - AYHC 950-1
|
|
|
What is the purpose of the myocmetrium?
|
Muscular Layer Of Uterus Responsible For The Powerful Contractions Which Expel The Foal At Birth
|
B - HIH 910
|
|
|
Why should straw be used in a foaling stall?
|
Shavings & Similar Materials Will Stick To The Wet Nostrils Of A Newborn Foal & May Suffocate It
|
B - EVANS, TH2 417
|
|
|
What is the solid-cored structure that forms from tissues remaining after a follicle ruptures at ovulation & produces the hormone, progesterone?
|
Corpus Luteum
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
Why would oil of linseed or whiskey be poured over an orphan foal?
|
To Disguise Foal's Odor So Another Mare Will Let It Nurse
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
What is the storage & maturation site of sperm cells where they acquire the ability to swim & fertilize the egg?
|
Epididymis
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
Why would you put a stallion under artificial light?
|
Increase Testicular Activity
|
B - AYHC 920-3
|
|
|
What is the term for a mature follicle in the ovary?
|
Graafian Follicle
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
Within 1 or 2 days after birth, some foal's eyes will start to water because the eyelids & eyelashes are turned inward, what is this condition called?
|
Entropion
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
What is the term for the wedge shaped area on the concave side of the ovary that is the only portion from which an egg can be released?
|
Ovulation Fossa
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
Within 24 hours after ovulation, the corpus luteum begins to secrete this hormone.
|
Progesterone
|
B - EVANS, TH2 339
|
|
|
What part of the uterus is responsible for the powerful contractions which expel the foal at birth?
|
Myometrium
|
B - AYHC 326-1
|
|
|
Describe the position of the foal when it is in the dorso pelvic position in the first stage of labor.
|
Foal Is Upside Down
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
When a mare ovulates, but fails to show behavioral signs of estrus, this is referred to as what?
|
Silent Heat
|
B - EVANS, TH2 327
|
|
|
Describe the term, seasonally polyestrous.
|
Mares Have Several Estrous Cycles During A Breeding Season
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
When does the mare produce colostrum?
|
During The First 24 - 48 Hours After Birth Of Foal
|
B - AYHC 112-1L
|
|
|
During parturition, describe the foal's positions during each of the following events: when the strongest contractions occur and when most of the straining stops.
|
Strongest Contractions: During The Time The Foal's Head And Shoulders Are Forced Through The Mare's Pelvic Cavity. Straining Stops: When The Foals Hips Clear The Vagina
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
When should a mare's feed ration increase above its normal requirements during gestation?
|
During Last 3 Months Of The Pregnancy & Into Lactation
|
B - AYHC 230-1
|
|
|
Endometritis is inflammation of which part of the mare's reproductive system?
|
Endometrium (Lining Of The Uterus)
|
B - Plate 70
|
|
|
Where does the sperm-rich fraction of an ejaculation that contains 45% of the volume & 75% of the spermatozoa originate?
|
Ampulla
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
Gonadotropin releasing hormone causes which hormone to be secreted by the pituitary gland?
|
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
Which hormone stimulates spermatogenesis or the production of sperm in the stallion?
|
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
|
B - HIH 290
|
|
|
The fetus' urachus extends the fetal bladder to which part of the placenta?
|
Allantoic Cavity
|
B - Plate 72
|
|
|
& produces gametes. What types of chromosomes are passed from each parent during meissois?
|
Haploid chromosomes
|
B - ES 88
|
|
|
The labia and clitoris make up what part of the mare's reproductive system?
|
Vulva
|
B - Plate 69
|
|
|
Chromosomes pairs split during the reproductive process & half of the genetic information of each parent is passed on to the next generation in the form of gametes. What is this type of cell division called?
|
Meiosis
|
B - ES 88
|
|
|
The ovarian artery arises directly from the aorta and divides into what 2 branches?
|
Ovarian And Uterine Branches
|
B - Plate 70
|
|
|
Define polygenic traits.
|
Genetic traits that are controlled by multiple genes, gene pairs &/or alleles
|
B - ES 91
|
|
|
There are how many stages of parturition?
|
3
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
Each sex cell that splits during the reproductive process contains how many chromosomes?
|
32 chromosomes
|
B - ES 89
|
|
|
What general types of muscles are used to move the ova through the uterus to the end of the uterine horn?
|
Smooth Muscles
|
B - Plate 70
|
|
|
Geneticists use this to determine the expected outcomes & can determine the percentage of expected offspring that should show a particular trait. Name this application.
|
Punnett square
|
B - ES 92
|
|
|
What hormone is responsible for stimulating the maturation of a developing ovarian follicle into a Graafian follicle?
|
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
How many diploid & haploid chromosomes does the horse have?
|
64 diploid & 32 haploid chromosomes
|
B - ES 89
|
|
|
What is the term for the birthing process?
|
Parturition
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
Melanin is the pigment that controls the color of the skin, iris of the eyes & some internal tissues. Name the 2 different forms of melanin & tell what colors they control.
|
Eumelanin - controls black or brown & Pheomelanin - controls red or yellow
|
B - ES 93
|
|
|
What is the term for the cheesy smegma and dead cells that fill the urethral sinus of the male?
|
Bean
|
B - Plate 75
|
|
|
Melanocyte cells, which cause white markings, develop out of the embryonic tissue from the neural crest. What is the neural crest?
|
Area of cells from which the spinal cord & brain will develop in the embryo
|
B - ES 96
|
|
|
What is the term for the release of an egg cell?
|
Ovulation
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
Name 3 breeds that are most likely to be affected by the genetic condition of Hemophilia A?
|
Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds & Quarter horses
|
B - ES 99
|
|
|
What is the term for the union of the stallion's spermatozoon with the mare's ovum?
|
Fertilization
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
Name 3 different genetic testing for parentage verification or genetically related inherited traits or disorders for horses.
|
Blood group tests, Lymphocyte tests & DNA tests
|
B - ES 102 & 103
|
|
|
What muscles act to pull the stallion's penis into the prepuce?
|
Retractor Muscles
|
B - Plate 75
|
|
|
Name 3 things that develop from the neural crest of the horse's embryo.
|
Spinal cord, brain & Melanocyte cells which cause white markings on the horse
|
B - ES 96 & 97
|
|
|
What would be the term used when a mare opens and closes the labia quickly with elevation of the clitoris during estrus?
|
Winking
|
B - Plate 69
|
|
|
Name 4 breeds that are most likely to be affected by Osteochondrosis
|
Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds, Warmbloods & Quarter horses
|
B - ES 101
|
|
|
When does waxing of the mare's teats occur?
|
Usually 48 Hours Before Parturition
|
B - Plate 73
|
|
|
Name the 2 types of chromosomes based on their numbers are produced during meiosis & mitosis.
|
Meiosis = haploid chromosomes & Mitosis = Diploid chromosomes
|
B - ES 88
|
|
|
Which contagious disease is caused by bacteria isolated in the "sinuses" of the clitoral gland?
|
Contagious Equine Metritis
|
B - Plate 70
|
|
|
PSSM (polysaccharide-storage myopathy) is a genetic trait that causes which condition?
|
Rhabdomyolysis (tying up, Monday morning disease or azoturia
|
B - ES 101
|
|
|
Which hormone prepares the mare's reproductive tract for mating and fertilization?
|
Estrogen
|
B - Plate 71
|
|
|
The International Society of Animal Genetics is a worldwide leader in what specific type of research?
|
Equine genome research
|
B - ES 86
|
|
|
A gene characteristic that produces only one kind of gamete is called?
|
Homozygous Dominant
|
B - 141
|
|
|
There are at least 3 genes that cause the dilution of coat colors in horses. Name 7 coat colors that are the result of these dilution genes' interactions.
|
Palomino, buckskin, cream, perlino, dun, champagne, silver dapple
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
Define the term, postpartum.
|
Occurring After Giving Birth
|
B - 219
|
|
|
What are diploid chromosomes?
|
Chromosome pairs
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
Describe what is meant by the phrase, "the mare threw a colt."
|
Mare Gave Birth To A Male Foal
|
B - 267
|
|
|
What are Monozygotic horse twins?
|
Identical twins
|
B - ES 104
|
|
|
Describe what is meant by the phrase, "the mare threw a filly."
|
Mare Gave Birth To A Female Foal
|
B - 267
|
|
|
What genetic condition causes abnormal bone growth that affects the horses' joints that weaken the bone structure resulting in bone fragments breaking away & ending up in the joints & is most commonly found in fast growing breeds?
|
Osteochondrosis (OC)
|
B - ES 101
|
|
|
In regards to gestation, what is the cause?
|
Inner Membrane Enclosing A Foal Before Birth
|
B - 53
|
|
|
What genetic condition causes visual impairment at night & is found in Appaloosas?
|
Equine night blindness
|
B - ES 100
|
|
|
Name the 3 different glands located along the urethra of the male horse that produce fluids to nourish & preserve the sperm.
|
Prostate Gland, Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) & Seminal Vesicles
|
B - 2
|
|
|
What genetic condition has an absence of the iris of the eye plus cataracts of the eye of Belgian horses?
|
Aniridia
|
B - ES 100
|
|
|
The collection of a drop of dry colostrum at the end of each teat that occurs eighteen to forty-eight hours before foaling is called what?
|
Waxing
|
B - 288
|
|
|
What genetic condition is found in heavily muscled horses with a high blood potassium level & an increased skeletal muscle-cell membrane permeability to sodium & a lineage to stallion, Impressive?
|
HYPP (hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
|
B - ES 98
|
|
|
The progeny of a stallion is known as what?
|
Get
|
B - 120
|
|
|
What genetic condition is seen in blue-eyed, white coat colored foals with at least one overo colored parent that causes death within a few days after birth?
|
Lethal White Foal Syndrome
|
B - ES 98
|
|
|
What are the 2 different tubes through which sperm travels from each testes to the penis in male horses?
|
Vas Deferens & Urethra
|
B - 281
|
|
|
What genetic condition will cause death of a foal from severe respiratory infection before the age of 5 months because of improper development of the immune system in Arabians?
|
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID or CID)
|
B - ES 99
|
|
|
What are the 2 stages of development of an individual within the uterus?
|
Embryo & Fetus
|
B - 106
|
|
|
What genetic lethal condition is also known as megacolon?
|
Lethal White Foal Syndrome
|
B - ES 98
|
|
|
What does the term hemospermia mean?
|
The Presence Of Blood In The Sperm
|
B - 138
|
|
|
What genetic material is composed of amino acids & proteins arranged in 2 thread-like strands called double helix with bonds that hold the strands together?
|
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
What follicle stimulating hormone may be detected in a blood test after 45 days of pregnancy & is derived from pregnant mare's blood serum or urine?
|
PMSG (Pregnant Mares Serum Gonadotropin)
|
B - 220
|
|
|
What genetic material is composed of amino acids & proteins on a double helix with multiple bonds?
|
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
What holds the 2 twisted strands of DNA together like rungs of a ladder?
|
Bonds
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
What hybrid is seldom fertile & is the offspring of a mare & jack called?
|
Mule
|
B - 183
|
|
|
What is a bacterial infection of a mammary gland; causes swelling, pain and infected milk?
|
Mastitis
|
B - 176
|
|
|
What is a genetic, degenerative condition that affects the brain & spinal cord & may be genetically related to sensitivity to low levels of vitamin E?
|
Equine Degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM)
|
B - ES 101
|
|
|
What is a bacterial infection of the uterus that is passed from infected stallion to mare during breeding and causes infertility?
|
Contagious Equine Metritis
|
B - 67
|
|
|
What is the coil-like structure of 2 strands of DNA called?
|
Double helix
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
What is a brood mare?
|
A Mare Kept For Breeding Or Reproductive Purposes.
|
B - 41
|
|
|
What is the common term for the species, Equus burchelli boehmi?
|
Grant's zebra/common zebra
|
B - ES 88
|
|
|
What is a commercial substance used in place of a mare's milk to raise a foal?
|
Milk Replacer
|
B - 180
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the agouti gene that indicates the presence of eumelanin (black or brown) is not restricted to the "points" pattern?
|
aa (small aa)
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
What is a period of sexual inactivity in the mare where there is absence of observable heat due to season, pregnancy or other physical & psychological causes?
|
Anestrus
|
B - 11
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the agouti gene that indicates the presence of eumelanin (black or brown) is restricted to the "points" pattern?
|
AA (Capital AA)
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
What is a puttylike mass of smegma that collects in the urethral diverticulum of the penis?
|
Bean
|
B - 25
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the extension gene that decreases the amount of eumelanin (black or brown) & increases the amount of pheomelanin (red or yellow)?
|
e (small e)
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is a relatively common condition in which urine drips from the stump of the navel & the flow increases when the foal strains to urinate?
|
Patent Urachus
|
B - 206
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the extension gene that extends or increases the amount of eumelanin (black or brown) & decreases the amount of pheomelanin (red or yellow)?
|
E (capital E)
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is a rubber sheath surrounded by warm water inside a sealed metal cylinder used to collect semen from stallions for either laboratory examination &/or artificial insemination?
|
Artificial Vagina
|
B - 16
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the agouti gene?
|
AA or aa
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
What is a sudden variation that is later passed on through inheritance & results from changes in a gene or genes?
|
Mutation
|
B - 184
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the extension gene?
|
E or e
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is a yeld mare?
|
Mare That Did Not Produce A Foal During The Current Season
|
B - 297
|
|
|
What is the Punnett square used for?
|
To determine the expected outcomes & can determine the percentage of expected offspring that should show a particular trait
|
B - ES 92
|
|
|
What is a zygote?
|
Fertilized Egg
|
B - 298
|
|
|
What is the scientific name for tying up, Monday morning disease or azoturia?
|
Rhabdomyolysis
|
B - ES 100
|
|
|
What is agalactia?
|
Inability Of The Mare To Produce Milk
|
B - 4
|
|
|
What is the term for a gene that controls the distribution patterns of eumelanin in the hair & restricts the distribution of the points (mane, tail, ear tips & lower legs) by means of a pair of alleles?
|
Agouti gene
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
What is an abortifacient?
|
Substance That Causes Abortion
|
B - 1
|
|
|
What is the term for a gene that regulates the color differences in black-pigmented & red-pigmented horses?
|
Extension gene
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is an inflammation of a joint due to the presence of bacteria or related infective agents & is usually found in newborn foals?
|
Joint Ill (Navel Ill)
|
B - 158
|
|
|
What is the term for genetic research on the molecular level of the gene?
|
Genome research
|
B - ES 86
|
|
|
What is an inflammation of the vagina marked by pain and a purulent discharge?
|
Vaginitis
|
B - 281
|
|
|
What is the term for genetic traits that are determined by complicated genetic inheritance involving the interaction of multiple gene pairs?
|
Multiple alleles
|
B - ES 91
|
|
|
What is an inherited genetic condition that rarely causes the death of a horse after birth, but can have such an affect on the horse that it can restrict either its potential use or reduce the length of its life?
|
Partial Lethal
|
B - 204
|
|
|
What is the term for the gene that cannot mask the genetic makeup of the other gene in the allele pair?
|
Recessive gene
|
B - ES 90
|
|
|
What is another name for an Entire?
|
Stallion
|
B - 97
|
|
|
What is the term for the gene that has the ability to mask the genetic makeup of the other gene in the allele pair?
|
Dominant gene
|
B - ES 90
|
|
|
What is breeding 2 related individuals usually at least 2 or 3 generations removed to intensify the inheritance from a particular ancestor?
|
Linebreeding
|
B - 169
|
|
|
What is the term for the organism whose chromosomes carry 2 identical members of a given allele pair such as EE or bb?
|
Homozygous
|
B - ES 90
|
|
|
What is copulation?
|
Sexual Intercourse
|
B - 68
|
|
|
What is the term for the organism whose chromosomes do not carry identical members of a given allele pair such as Ee or Bb?
|
Heterozygous
|
B - ES 91
|
|
|
What is induced parturition?
|
Starting Of The Birth Process By Administering Certain Drugs.
|
B - 151
|
|
|
What is the term for the pigment cells that are made up of eumelanin & pheomelanin?
|
Melanocytes
|
B - ES 93
|
|
|
What is lutalyse?
|
Hormone Used To Regulate Reproductive Functions In The Mare
|
B - 172
|
|
|
What physical features are the result of both genetic & non-genetic factors & result from a lack of pigment granules in the melanocyte cells during embryonic development?
|
White markings
|
B - ES 96 & 97
|
|
|
What is neonate?
|
Newborn Foal
|
B - 189
|
|
|
What type of gene controls the amount of black eumelanin granules in the skin &/or the coat by means of a pair of alleles?
|
Extension gene
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is the automatic suckling when a finger or nipple is placed in a newborn foal's mouth?
|
Suckle Reflex (Suck Reflex)
|
B - 258
|
|
|
When chromosome pairs for body cells split in half & produce identical copies of the original cell, this process is called what?
|
Mitosis
|
B - ES 88
|
|
|
What is the breeding of closely related animals usually done to bring out specific desirable traits?
|
Inbreeding
|
B - 150
|
|
|
When speaking of extension genes, what are the 4 red pigmented colors that affect skin & coat colors?
|
chestnuts/sorrel, palomino, red dun
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is the colorless liquid surrounding the fetus that contains acids, salts, cells & mucus?
|
Amniotic Fluid
|
B - 10
|
|
|
When speaking of extension genes, what are the 6 black pigmented colors that affect skin & coat colors?
|
Black, bay, brown, buckskin, dun & grulla
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is the correct term for a characteristic that appears only when both members of a pair's genes are the same & is the opposite of dominant?
|
Recessive
|
B - 230
|
|
|
Which breed is most commonly affected by aniridia?
|
Belgians
|
B - ES 100
|
|
|
What is the dominant gene that determines whether a horse will be a trotter or pacer?
|
Trotting Gene
|
B - 275
|
|
|
Which breed is most commonly affected by equine night blindness?
|
Appaloosa
|
B - ES 100
|
|
|
What is the genetic defect that causes premature death in the fetus or newborn foal with a genotype of WW & is associated with Paints and Pintos?
|
Lethal White
|
B - 167
|
|
|
Which genetic condition is caused by a lack of nerve cells in the digestive tract that results in absence of normal peristalsis in the intestine & failure of fecal material to be defecated?
|
Lethal White Foal Syndrome
|
B - ES 98
|
|
|
What is the grand dam of a horse?
|
The Grandmother Of A Horse
|
B - 124
|
|
|
Which parent determines the sex of the offspring & why?
|
Stallion determines sex because he carries an X & Y chromosome
|
B - ES 91
|
|
|
What is the grand sire of a horse?
|
The Grandfather Of A Horse
|
B - 124
|
|
|
Which will have the greatest number of chromosomes: horses, asses or zebra?
|
Horses (64 or 32 pairs)
|
B - ES 89
|
|
|
What is the hymen?
|
Fold Of Mucous Membrane That Partially Or Completely Covers The Opening Of The Vagina
|
B - 146
|
|
|
Zoo-FISH maps technology is used in which type of scientific research?
|
Genome research (genetic research of genes on the molecular level)
|
B - ES 89
|
|
|
What is the large, brown, irregularity shaped, rubbery mass found in the allantoic fluid & is passed out with the foal at birth?
|
Hippomane
|
B - 140
|
|
|
What is the later stage of individual development within the uterus which follows the embryo stage?
|
Fetus
|
B - 106
|
|
|
What is the leg restraint used on mares being bred to keep them from kicking & injuring the stallion?
|
Breeding Hobbles
|
B - 38
|
|
|
What is the lining of the uterus called?
|
Endometrium
|
B - 92
|
|
|
What is the period of rapid follicle growth in the estrous cycle just prior to "heat" or estrus?
|
Proestrus
|
B - 220
|
|
|
What is the period of the estrous cycle in female mammals that follows ovulation & is the characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum that lasts an average of 1-2 days?
|
Metestrus
|
B - 179
|
|
|
What is the produce of a dam?
|
Offspring Of A Female Horse
|
B - 220
|
|
|
What is the scientific name for a mature sex cell?
|
Gamete
|
B - 118
|
|
|
What is the short period of the estrous cycle between metestrus & proestrus that lasts about 14 -15 days?
|
Diestrus
|
B - 81
|
|
|
What is the single most common cause of female infertility where there is air present in the vagina that often leads to infections?
|
Pneumovagina (Wind Sucking)
|
B - 215
|
|
|
What is the state of being capable of siring or bearing offspring or the start of sexual maturity?
|
Puberty
|
B - 222
|
|
|
What is the term describing dominant character that produces 2 kinds of gametes, one that carries the dominant gene while the other carries the recessive gene?
|
Heterozygous Dominant
|
B - 139
|
|
|
What is the term for a foal that is being raised without his dam?
|
Orphan Foal
|
B - 197
|
|
|
What is the term for a mare producing milk?
|
Lactating Mare
|
B - 163
|
|
|
What is the term for a mare's inability to produce milk such as when a mare grazes on fescue pasture during pregnancy?
|
Agalactia
|
B - 4
|
|
|
What is the term for delivery in which the fetus' rump or hind feet are presented first in the birth canal?
|
Breech Birth
|
B - 38
|
|
|
What is the term for delivery of a dead foal 300 or more days after conception?
|
Stillbirth
|
B - 256
|
|
|
What is the term for neutering a male horse?
|
Castration
|
B - 51
|
|
|
What is the term for the division of the sex cells?
|
Meiosis
|
B - 178
|
|
|
What is the term for when part or the entire placenta has not passed after parturition?
|
Retained Placenta
|
B - 233
|
|
|
What is the yellowish-brown waste fluid originating in the placenta & kidneys that protects the fetus, lubricates the birth canal & is expelled upon rupture of the placenta?
|
Allantoic Fluid
|
B - 6
|
|
|
What term describes a condition existing at & usually before birth which may or may not be inherited?
|
Congenital
|
B - 67
|
|
|
What term describes anything occurring in the first month after birth?
|
Neonatal
|
B - 189
|
|
|
What term describes the ability to pass outstanding characteristics to offspring?
|
Prepotency
|
B - 220
|
|
|
What term describes the fertilization of the egg and the very beginning stage of growth of the embryo inside the mare called?
|
Conception
|
B - 63
|
|
|
What term describes the result of crossing two different species, such as a mule or hinny?
|
Hybrid
|
B - 145
|
|
|
What term is given to a mare that cycles continuously throughout the breeding season in absence of conception?
|
Polyestrus
|
B - 217
|
|
|
What test is used to help determine the parents of any particular horse by examining the red blood cells?
|
Blood Typing
|
B - 33
|
|
|
What type of selection is based on a combination of the merits of the individual & the average merits of his ancestry?
|
Pedigree Breeding
|
B - 207
|
|
|
When is a foal usually weaned from the dam?
|
4 To 6 Months
|
B - 288
|
|
|
Which female hormone is produced by developing follicles in the ovaries?
|
Estrogen
|
B - 100
|
|
|
Why would it be necessary to perform a Caslick's operation?
|
To Help Reduce Infection And Improve Reproductive Rates.
|
B - 51
|
|
|
A decrease in the mare's colostrum and milk production will have what 2 effects on the foal?
|
Decrease In The Foal's Passive Immunity And Decrease In The Foal's Growth Rate
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
A foal's ability to absorb colostral immunoglobulin decreases how soon after birth?
|
4 To 6 Hours
|
B - FCH p. 256
|
|
|
A less sexually aggressive stallion's libido may gradually improve over time by doing what 2 things?
|
Decreasing Regular Exercise; Increasing Dietary Energy Intake
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
Abnormal testicular tone (mushy or exceptionally hard) can indicate what two health problems?
|
Testicular Degeneration; Fibrosis
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
Administering androgens (anabolic steroids or testosterone) can cause what two negative results?
|
Decreased Liver Function; Premature Closure Of Growth Plates In Young Horses
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
Although a vitamin A deficiency will not have a negative effect on reproductive ability, why is it important that broodmares have an adequate vitamin A intake?
|
Because The Mare's Colostrum Will Also Be Deficient In Vitamin A, Predisposing The Foal To Increased Risk Of Infectious Diseases.
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
Anabolic steroids can cause what type of behavior in fillies?
|
Stallion-Like Behavior, Increased Biting And Kicking
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
Artificial lighting to increase a stallion's fertility during breeding season should begin when?
|
2-3 Months Prior To The Start Of Breeding Season
|
B - FCH p. 226
|
|
|
Because they have different nutritional needs and require different feeding programs, broodmares should be divided into what 4 groups?
|
Nonlactating Mares To Be Bred (Maiden Mares); Nonlactating Mares In The First 8 Months Of Pregnancy And Barren Mares; Mares In Their Last Trimester Of Pregnancy; Lactating Mares
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
Being present during the birthing process makes it possible to do what 4 things?
|
Test Colostrum For Immunity Purposes; Provide Umbilical Care; Ensure Stool Passage; Begin Imprint Training
|
B - FCH p. 243
|
|
|
Breeding stallions should be fed a diet similar in nutrient content to what group of horses?
|
Exercised Or Working Horses
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
Continued attachment of the umbilical cord for the first several minutes following birth allows the foal to receive how much blood?
|
Up To 1.5 Quarts
|
B - FCH p. 246
|
|
|
Dewormers containing what active ingredient should not be given to pregnant mares during the first trimester of pregnancy?
|
Benzimidazole
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
Different than other species, what causes twinning in mares?
|
Multiple (Usually) Double Ovulations, As Opposed To Splitting Of One Fertilized Ovum As In Other Species
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
Early embryonic losses can be minimized through what 5 management practices?
|
Sanitary Methods Used When Treating And Evaluating The Mare's Reproductive Tract; Vulvar Suturing If Indicated; Good Nutrition; Parasite Control; Good Vaccination Program; Administration Of Progestins When Indicated
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
Excess energy intake by the mare will slightly decrease what 3 components of her milk during lactation?
|
Milk Fat; Energy; Protein Contents
|
B - FCH p. 234
|
|
|
Fetal gasping, the drawing of fluids and stool into the upper respiratory tract, can cause what condition?
|
Aspiration-Induced Pneumonia
|
B - FCH p. 249
|
|
|
Foals that are born with an enlarged thyroid gland or goiter is caused by what?
|
Inadequate Or Excess Iodine Intake By Their Dam
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
Foals identify their dam by what two senses?
|
Smell And Sight
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
Foals receiving adequate colostrum from a properly vaccinated mare may have adequate protection from equine encephalomyelitis for how long?
|
Up To 6 Months
|
B - FCH p. 170
|
|
|
For maximum reproductive efficiency, the mare prior to breeding should be in what condition relating to her weight?
|
Moderately Fleshy Or Heavier, Or Body Score Of 6 Or Greater
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
How can threadworms in the foal be prevented?
|
By Giving An Effective Dewormer To The Mare The Day Of Foaling And To The Foal At 2-3 Weeks Of Age.
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
How can windsucking be detected?
|
By Placing The Flat Of One Hand On Each Vulvar Lip And Gently Parting Them While Listening For The Sound Of Aspirated Air.
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
How many hours of total light per day are needed to stimulate ovulation in mares?
|
16 Hours Per Day
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
How many progressively motile spermatozoa should be used per insemination?
|
400 Million To 500 Million
|
B - FCH p. 226
|
|
|
How much light is required for artificial lighting to be effective in stimulating ovulation in mares?
|
A Minimum Of 2 Footcandles
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
How much salt-calcium-phosphorus mineral mix is needed per day by the mare in her last 3 months of pregnancy?
|
2-8 Ounces Per Mare
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
How should colostrum be properly stored and what is the shelf life?
|
Stored In Clean Plastic Container; Frozen At 0-5 Degrees Fahrenheit For Up To 1 Year
|
B - FCH p. 257
|
|
|
How soon after breeding is it possible to examine a mare for pregnancy?
|
15-25 Days
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
If a mare has had a Caslick's Operation, what is necessary prior to foaling?
|
What Was Surgically Closed Must Be Opened
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
If air is aspirated into the vagina when the vulvar lips are spread, what should be done to treat this?
|
A Caslick's Operation
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
If the scrotal width of a breeding age stallion of a light horse breed is less than 80mm (3 1/8 inches), why is it recommended that this stallion not be used for breeding?
|
Stallions With Small Testes Are Potentially Poor Producers Of Spermatozoa, And Testicular Size Is Inheritable.
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
Lack of exercise will predispose the foal to what ailment?
|
Contracted Flexor Tendons
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
Lifting a new foal by its chest or abdomen may cause what?
|
Fracture Of Ribs Or Damage Internal Organs
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
Name 2 aspects of the stallion's breeding reproductive performance should be monitored continuously during the breeding season?
|
% Of Pregnancies Per Service; Number Of Breedings Or Inseminations Per Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate (%) By Month And By Cycle
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
Name 3 times that a breeding stallion should be evaluated for breeding soundness.
|
Before Purchase; Before Each Breeding Season; To Estimate The Number Of Breedings Or Inseminations That Can Be Made During A Season; When Lower Fertility Is Suspected; When It Is Desirable To Increase The Number Of Mares To Be Bred; When Abnormal Sexual Behavior Is Observed; When The Stallion Is Suspected Of Carrying A Potential Disease Producing Organism
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
Normal behavioral activities of a foal can be hastened or delayed by what two conditions?
|
Illness/Disease And Excessive Human Interference
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
Pandiculation should occur when and what are the benefits?
|
Pandiculation (Standing And Stretching) Occurs At About 4 Hours Of Age; It Straightens Tendons And Joints; Assists In Athletic Development, And Self-Corrects Contracted Tendons
|
B - FCH p. 247-8
|
|
|
Pneumonia, septicemia, and diarrhea can occur as a result in a deficiency of one or more of what 3 nutrients?
|
Vitamin A, Vitamin E, And Selenium
|
B - FCH p. 253
|
|
|
Pony breed broodmares are particularly susceptible to what two conditions when their dietary energy needs are not met?
|
Depression And Elevation In Blood Lipids
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
Prolonged estrus is more common in what breed-type of horses?
|
Draft Breeds
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
Protein deficiency in broodmares causes what breeding problems?
|
Failure To Ovulate Or Early Embryonic Death
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
Rhinopneumonitis (EHV) killed virus vaccine should be given at what 3 stages of pregnancy?
|
5Th, 7Th, And 9Th Months
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
Seventy-five percent of kinesthetic activity of foals is in what form and why is it important?
|
Play; Provides Exercise, Socialization, Physical Development, And Practice Of Adult Behavior
|
B - FCH p. 248
|
|
|
Severe malnutrition in pregnant mares may affect gestation in what manner?
|
A Gestation Period Lengthened By 4 To 10 Days
|
B - FCH p. 242
|
|
|
Straw bedding is preferred over wood shavings in a foaling stall for what 2 reasons?
|
Wood Shavings Are: More Easily Drawn Into The Vagina, Are More Abrasive, And Are Associated With Foal Diarrhea
|
B - FCH p. 243
|
|
|
Sufficient daylight results in increased secretion of what 2 hormones in mares?
|
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) And Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
Supplementing the brood mare with what 2 vitamins are recommended for mares not grazing on green grass?
|
Beta-Carotene And Vitamin E
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
Tetanus toxoid should be given to the broodmare twice. When should these injections be given?
|
Before Breeding And During The 9Th Month Of Pregnancy
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
The average fertile stallion's first ejaculation usually contains enough progressively motile spermatozoa to breed how many mares?
|
12-20 Mares
|
B - FCH p. 226
|
|
|
The breeding stallion requires an increase in only which nutrient?
|
Energy
|
B - FCH p. 224
|
|
|
The mare passes the placenta how soon after birth?
|
Anywhere From 15 To 90 Minutes After Foaling
|
B - FCH p. 246
|
|
|
The mare should be on the farm and in the area where she will foal when in relation to her foaling date?
|
No Later Than 1 Month Prior To Her Expected Foaling Date
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
The number of spermatozoa a stallion is able to produce is directly related to the size of what body part?
|
Testes
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
To produce the best possible foaling conditions, what 3 elements must be in place?
|
Proper Feeding Program; Adequate Vaccination Program; Mare Should Be In Foaling Location At Least 1 Month Prior To Foaling
|
B - FCH p. 242
|
|
|
Variations in the amount of energy ingested by the lactating mare do not affect their concentrations in her milk, however it does affect what?
|
The Mare's Body Condition
|
B - FCH p. 234
|
|
|
Weight loss by the pregnant mare does not have a negative effect on birth weight, but does have a negative effect on what?
|
Colostrum And Milk Production
|
B - FCH p. 233
|
|
|
What % of the mare's body weight will she produce in milk by the 5th month of lactation?
|
2%
|
B - FCH p. 234
|
|
|
What % of the mare's body weight will she produce in milk during the first 2 months of lactation?
|
3-4%
|
B - FCH p. 234
|
|
|
What 2 vaccinations are not recommended for pregnant mares?
|
Rabies; Anthrax
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What 3 criteria should meet before breeding a mare during foal heat?
|
Delivery Of The Foal Without Difficulty; Passing Of Placenta Within 3 Hours; Strong Healthy Foal That Nurses Within 1 Hour; Cervix Free Of Bruises And Abnormal Discharge; Uterus That Is Significantly Reduced In Size And Without Fluid Accumulation
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What 4 vaccines should be given to the broodmare at the 9th month of pregnancy?
|
Rhinopneumonitis Killed Virus Vaccine; Influenza; Encephalomyelitis; Tetanus Toxoid
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What activity will prevent edema in a stalled pregnant mare?
|
Hand Walking 15 To 20 Minutes Daily
|
B - FCH p. 243
|
|
|
What are 2 advantages of breeding a mare during foal heat?
|
If Successful, The Foal Is Born Earlier The Next Year; A More Consistently Occurring Estrus And Ovulation Than Subsequent Heat Periods; An Additional Heat Period In Which To Breed
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What are 2 major reasons for low reproductive performance in mares as compared to other domestic farm animals?
|
Poor Reproductive Management; Uterine Infections; Irregular Estrous Cycles
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What are 4 advantages of using artificial insemination?
|
Eliminates Contamination; Prevents Spread Of Venereal Disease; Provides More Pregnancies In A Given Season; Protects Stallion, Mare And Foal From Injury.
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What are the 3 functions of estrogen in the mare?
|
Stimulates The Brain To Induce Sexual Receptivity; Causes Secretion Of LH, Increases Uterine, Cervical And Vaginal Secretions Conducive To Mating And Sperm Transport
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
What are the 3 most accurate methods of predicting foal heat conception?
|
Palpation; Ultrasonography; Teasing
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
What are the 3 most common causes of blood in the semen?
|
Bacteria Induced Inflammation Of The Urethra; Trauma; Habronemiasis (Summer Sores) On The Urethral Process.
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
What are the 5 procedures for diagnosing pregnancy?
|
Ultrasonography; Rectal Palpation By A Skilled Examiner; Elevated Plasma Progesterone Concentration; Gonodotropin (ECG Or PMSG) Can Be Detected In The Blood; Elevated Serum, Urine, Milk And Fecal Estrone Sulfate And Total Unconjugated Estrogen Concentrations Can Be Detected
|
B - FCH p. 239
|
|
|
What are the average heart rates of a newborn foal and how do they change during the first day of life?
|
60 Beats Per Minute At Birth; 80 To 130 Beats Per Minute At 5-10 Minutes Of Life
|
B - FCH p. 249
|
|
|
What are the normal behavioral nursing and sleep patterns of a newborn foal?
|
Nursing Within 30 To 90 Minutes After Standing; Drowsiness/Sleep Occurring 1.5 To 4 Hours After Birth With A Duration Of 7 Minutes; Waking To Nurse Again
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
What are two good predictors of initiation of foaling?
|
Changes In Rectal Temperature And Calcium Concentrations Of Mammary Secretions
|
B - FCH p. 245
|
|
|
What happens to the semen when there is blood in it?
|
Semen Is Sterile
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
What is a good test of whether the light used in artificial lighting is strong enough to stimulate ovulation in mares?
|
If A Newspaper Can Be Easily Read From Any Corner Of The Stall Or Pen
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is a major cause of a failure of adequate passive antibody transfer to a foal?
|
Colostrum Loss Before Foaling (Colostrum Streaming)
|
B - FCH p. 255
|
|
|
What is the average total scrotal width of normal stallions of light horse breeds of all ages taken early in spring?
|
85-130Mm (3.25 To 5 Inches)
|
B - FCH p. 225
|
|
|
What is the benefit to having the mare on the farm and in the area where she will foal 1 month prior to her expected foaling date?
|
Allows Her To Be Exposed To And Develop Immunity Against Infectious Organisms In That Environment. This Immunity Will Be Passed On To The Foal Through The Mare's Colostrum.
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What is the major predisposing cause of vaginal infections in mares?
|
Windsucking
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What is the most common, practical and accurate means of detecting estrus in the mare?
|
Exposing Her To A Male Horse
|
B - FCH p. 235
|
|
|
What is the name of the endophyte that can infest Tall Fescue grass and causes fescue toxicosis in pregnant and lactating mares?
|
Acremonium Coenophialum
|
B - FCH p. 109
|
|
|
What is the proper lifting technique of newborn foals?
|
One Arm Under The Rump And Another Arm Under The Chest
|
B - FCH p. 247
|
|
|
What is the purpose to leaving fetal fluids and membranes near the mare following foaling?
|
It Is Thought That The Mare Identifies Her Foal Through Smelling The Fetal Fluids And Membranes (Helps Her Recognize The Foal; Identification)
|
B - FCH p. 246
|
|
|
What is the term for a strong membrane partition which divides the vagina and causes problems at foaling?
|
Persistent Medium Septum
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
What percent of mares bred annually in the United States produce live foals?
|
55-60%
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
What percentage of Thoroughbred mare pregnancies are twins?
|
3.5%
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
What percentage of twin foals born alive live & remain alive for more than 2 weeks?
|
8%
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
What should be provided to the mare in her last 3 months of pregnancy to avoid calcium and phosphorous deficiencies?
|
Free Access To A Salt-Calcium-Phosphorus Mineral Mix As The Only Salt Available.
|
B - FCH p. 232
|
|
|
When a twin pregnancy is detected, what will happen if the mare's owner decides to do nothing within the first 50 days of pregnancy?
|
Doing Nothing Will Result In 60-65% Aborting Both Twins, 5-10% Aborting One Twin By Day 42
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
When does the fertilized ovum pass through the oviduct and enter the uterus?
|
5-6 Days After Ovulation
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
When does the placenta begin to produce progesterone?
|
80-100 Days Into The Pregnancy
|
B - FCH p. 236
|
|
|
When multiple pre-ovulatory follicles are detected by rectal examination or ultrasound, what 2 methods can be taken to reduce the chance of twinning?
|
Not Breeding That Estrus Period; Breeding Once Only At 12 To 24 Hours After The 1St Ovulation In Hopes That Only The Ovum From The 2Nd Ovulation Is Viable
|
B - FCH p. 240
|
|
|
When must a foal be born in order to be classified as a premature birth?
|
Less Than 320 Days Of Gestation
|
B - FCH p. 242
|
|
|
When should a persistent medium septum be removed?
|
Well In Advance Of Breeding To Allow For Healing
|
B - FCH p. 237
|
|
|
When should the feed of a lactating mare be gradually decreased?
|
In Preparation For Weaning
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
When should the pregnant mare receive her last deworming prior to foaling?
|
At Least 1-2 Months Prior To Foaling
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
When using artificial insemination, how many mares can be inseminated by a single stallion in a day?
|
20-40
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
Which 3 elements of a ration require the greatest increase for fetal growth and development and lactation?
|
Protein, Calcium, Phosphorous
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
Which 3 physical attributes of the stallion may help to estimate his fertility?
|
General Health; Musculoskeletal Soundness; Behavior; Libido Genital Health; Testicular Size; Testicular Tone
|
B - FCH p. 238
|
|
|
Which internal parasites are passed to the foal through the mare's milk and cause intestinal and respiratory damage to the foal?
|
Threadworms
|
B - FCH p. 230
|
|
|
Which vaccine prevents shaker foal syndrome?
|
Clostridium Botulinum Type B Or Botulism Toxoid
|
B - FCH p. 229
|
|
|
After what age does a mare's reproductive ability start to decrease?
|
15-18 Years
|
B - HIH 940-1
|
|
|
At what part of a mare's estrous cycle is she not responsive to the stallion?
|
Diestrus
|
B - HIH 910-5
|
|
|
During its first week of life, how often does a foal normally nurse?
|
As Often As 7 Times Per Hour
|
B - AYHC 112-2L
|
|
|
During which stage of the mare's reproductive cycle will she exhibit eversion of the vulva?
|
Estrus
|
B - HIH 910-1
|
|
|
Fertilization of the ovum occurs in the oviduct in an area below the infundibulum known as the what?
|
Ampulla
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
How does the scrotum regulate testicular temperature?
|
By Raising Or Lowering The Testicles Close To Or Away From The Body & Also By Sweating
|
B - HIH 920-4
|
|
|
How is it determined that a stallion has ejaculated while breeding a mare?
|
Tail Flagging
|
B - EVANS, TH2 387
|
|
|
How long does it take a foal's immune system to become functional & able to produce significant levels of antibodies?
|
2 To 4 Months Of Age
|
B - AYHC 112-2L
|
|
|
How long prior to foaling should mares be removed from fescue pastures?
|
60-90 Days
|
B - AYHC 230-2
|
|
|
How many hours of light are necessary per day to bring a mare into heat prior to the normal breeding season & what other function does this increased amount of light initiate?
|
Need 16 Hours Of Light For The Onset Of The Estrus Cycle & It Also Initiates Shedding Of The Winter Hair Coat
|
B - AYHC 336-2L
|
|
|
How often does a mare's estrous cycle repeat during the season of the reproductive activity?
|
Every 21-23 Days
|
B - HIH 910-5
|
|
|
In reference to female reproduction, what are the 5 classifications of mares?
|
Open, Pregnant, Barren, Maiden & Lactating
|
B - AYHC 230-1
|
|
|
In reference to the "System for scoring behavioral estrus in mares," what are the behavior characteristics of a mare that is scored as a "1"?
|
Not Aggressive Towards The Stallion But Looks Away Or Is Not Interested
|
B - AYHC 336-1L
|
|
|
In the newborn foal, what site allows easy access for bacterial invasion into the body?
|
Navel Stump
|
B - AYHC 112-1L
|
|
|
In what part of the mare's reproductive tract does the fetus develop?
|
Uterus
|
B - EVANS, TH2 316
|
|
|
In what part of the stallion's reproductive tract, do sperm undergo modifications or maturation?
|
Epididymis
|
B - HIH 920-4
|
|
|
Name 5 behaviors of the mare in diestrus towards a stallion.
|
Biting, Kicking, Striking, Squealing, Tail Switching
|
B - AYHC 226-2L
|
|
|
Name the parts of the reproductive tract of the mare.
|
Vulva, Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, Oviducts & Ovaries
|
B - HIH 910-1
|
|
|
The allantois, amnion & chorion comprise what structure?
|
Fetal Placenta
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
The gestation period of a mare carrying a horse foal is approximately how many days shorter than it would if she were carrying a mule fetus?
|
10 Days
|
B - EVANS, TH2 343
|
|
|
The mare's estrous cycle is divided into 2 distinct time periods, name them.
|
Estrus & Diestrus
|
B - HIH 910-5
|
|
|
The ovary is responsible for the production of which 2 female hormones?
|
Estrogen & Progesterone
|
B - HIH 910-4
|
|
|
What are the tubes for the transportation of semen from the epididymis through the shaft of the penis?
|
Vas Deferens
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
What color are a horse's hooves at birth?
|
Usually White
|
B - EVANS, TH2 082
|
|
|
What hormone in the mare is responsible for stimulating ovulation & supporting the initial stages of corpus luteum development?
|
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
|
B - HIH 910-6
|
|
|
What is a bilateral cryptorchid stallion & can they be used for breeding?
|
Stallion That Has Retained Both Testicles In The Body Cavity & No Because They Are Infertile Due To Suppressed Spermatogenesis
|
B - HIH 920-1
|
|
|
What is a common method of diagnosing pregnancy in the mare?
|
Rectal Palpation Or Ultrasound
|
B - EVANS, TH2 346
|
|
|
What is a nurse mare?
|
Lactating Mare That Is Known For Its Foster Mother Qualities, Readily Willing To Take On A Strange Foal Let It Nurse
|
B - EVANS, TH2 428
|
|
|
What is a wet mare?
|
Mare Nursing A Foal
|
B - HIH 940-1
|
|
|
What is genetic influence?
|
Portion Of Characteristics Or Traits Passed From Parents To Offspring
|
B - AYHC 335-1
|
|
|
What is passive transfer of immunity?
|
When A Newborn Foal Receives Antibodies From The Mare Through The Colostrum
|
B - AYHC 112-2L
|
|
|
What is spermatogenesis?
|
Process Of Producing Sperm Cells
|
B - HIH 920
|
|
|
What is the accessory sex gland that contributes the first fraction of the semen volume & is considered the presperm fraction?
|
Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper's Gland)
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
What is the accessory sex gland that contributes the gel fraction of the semen?
|
Seminal Vesicles
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
What is the correct name for the membranous organ referred to as the afterbirth?
|
Placenta
|
B - EVANS, TH2 340
|
|
|
What is the function of the cilia in the oviducts?
|
Transport The Ovum Down The Oviduct & For Moving Sperm In The Opposite Direction
|
B - HIH 910-4
|
|
|
What is the general term for the substance emitted by the stallion during the breeding of a mare?
|
Semen
|
B - EVANS, TH2 365
|
|
|
What is the main organ for the ejaculation of semen?
|
Penis
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
What is the master organ & site for production of spermatozoa & testosterone?
|
Testes
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
What is the portion of the oviduct where it narrows to join the uterus called?
|
Isthmus
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
What is the primary function of FSH in the stallion?
|
Stimulates Spermatogenesis Or The Production Of Sperm
|
B - HIH 290
|
|
|
What is the purpose of the Caslick operation?
|
To Seal The Vulva Thus Preventing Air & Debris From Being Sucked Into The Internal Reproductive Tract Of The Mare
|
B - HIH 910-1
|
|
|
What is the purpose of the myocmetrium?
|
Muscular Layer Of Uterus Responsible For The Powerful Contractions Which Expel The Foal At Birth
|
B - HIH 910
|
|
|
What is the solid-cored structure that forms from tissues remaining after a follicle ruptures at ovulation & produces the hormone, progesterone?
|
Corpus Luteum
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
What is the storage & maturation site of sperm cells where they acquire the ability to swim & fertilize the egg?
|
Epididymis
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
What is the term for a mature follicle in the ovary?
|
Graafian Follicle
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
What is the term for the wedge shaped area on the concave side of the ovary that is the only portion from which an egg can be released?
|
Ovulation Fossa
|
B - AYHC 326-2
|
|
|
What part of the uterus is responsible for the powerful contractions which expel the foal at birth?
|
Myometrium
|
B - AYHC 326-1
|
|
|
When a mare ovulates, but fails to show behavioral signs of estrus, this is referred to as what?
|
Silent Heat
|
B - EVANS, TH2 327
|
|
|
When does the mare produce colostrum?
|
During The First 24 - 48 Hours After Birth Of Foal
|
B - AYHC 112-1L
|
|
|
When should a mare's feed ration increase above its normal requirements during gestation?
|
During Last 3 Months Of The Pregnancy & Into Lactation
|
B - AYHC 230-1
|
|
|
Where does the sperm-rich fraction of an ejaculation that contains 45% of the volume & 75% of the spermatozoa originate?
|
Ampulla
|
B - AYHC 227-4
|
|
|
Which hormone stimulates spermatogenesis or the production of sperm in the stallion?
|
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
|
B - HIH 290
|
|
|
& produces gametes. What types of chromosomes are passed from each parent during meissois?
|
Haploid chromosomes
|
B - ES 88
|
|
|
Chromosomes pairs split during the reproductive process & half of the genetic information of each parent is passed on to the next generation in the form of gametes. What is this type of cell division called?
|
Meiosis
|
B - ES 88
|
|
|
Define polygenic traits.
|
Genetic traits that are controlled by multiple genes, gene pairs &/or alleles
|
B - ES 91
|
|
|
Each sex cell that splits during the reproductive process contains how many chromosomes?
|
32 chromosomes
|
B - ES 89
|
|
|
Geneticists use this to determine the expected outcomes & can determine the percentage of expected offspring that should show a particular trait. Name this application.
|
Punnett square
|
B - ES 92
|
|
|
How many diploid & haploid chromosomes does the horse have?
|
64 diploid & 32 haploid chromosomes
|
B - ES 89
|
|
|
Melanin is the pigment that controls the color of the skin, iris of the eyes & some internal tissues. Name the 2 different forms of melanin & tell what colors they control.
|
Eumelanin - controls black or brown & Pheomelanin - controls red or yellow
|
B - ES 93
|
|
|
Melanocyte cells, which cause white markings, develop out of the embryonic tissue from the neural crest. What is the neural crest?
|
Area of cells from which the spinal cord & brain will develop in the embryo
|
B - ES 96
|
|
|
Name 3 breeds that are most likely to be affected by the genetic condition of Hemophilia A?
|
Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds & Quarter horses
|
B - ES 99
|
|
|
Name 3 different genetic testing for parentage verification or genetically related inherited traits or disorders for horses.
|
Blood group tests, Lymphocyte tests & DNA tests
|
B - ES 102 & 103
|
|
|
Name 3 things that develop from the neural crest of the horse's embryo.
|
Spinal cord, brain & Melanocyte cells which cause white markings on the horse
|
B - ES 96 & 97
|
|
|
Name 4 breeds that are most likely to be affected by Osteochondrosis
|
Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds, Warmbloods & Quarter horses
|
B - ES 101
|
|
|
Name the 2 types of chromosomes based on their numbers are produced during meiosis & mitosis.
|
Meiosis = haploid chromosomes & Mitosis = Diploid chromosomes
|
B - ES 88
|
|
|
PSSM (polysaccharide-storage myopathy) is a genetic trait that causes which condition?
|
Rhabdomyolysis (tying up, Monday morning disease or azoturia
|
B - ES 101
|
|
|
The International Society of Animal Genetics is a worldwide leader in what specific type of research?
|
Equine genome research
|
B - ES 86
|
|
|
There are at least 3 genes that cause the dilution of coat colors in horses. Name 7 coat colors that are the result of these dilution genes' interactions.
|
Palomino, buckskin, cream, perlino, dun, champagne, silver dapple
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
What are diploid chromosomes?
|
Chromosome pairs
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
What are Monozygotic horse twins?
|
Identical twins
|
B - ES 104
|
|
|
What genetic condition causes abnormal bone growth that affects the horses' joints that weaken the bone structure resulting in bone fragments breaking away & ending up in the joints & is most commonly found in fast growing breeds?
|
Osteochondrosis (OC)
|
B - ES 101
|
|
|
What genetic condition causes visual impairment at night & is found in Appaloosas?
|
Equine night blindness
|
B - ES 100
|
|
|
What genetic condition has an absence of the iris of the eye plus cataracts of the eye of Belgian horses?
|
Aniridia
|
B - ES 100
|
|
|
What genetic condition is found in heavily muscled horses with a high blood potassium level & an increased skeletal muscle-cell membrane permeability to sodium & a lineage to stallion, Impressive?
|
HYPP (hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
|
B - ES 98
|
|
|
What genetic condition is seen in blue-eyed, white coat colored foals with at least one overo colored parent that causes death within a few days after birth?
|
Lethal White Foal Syndrome
|
B - ES 98
|
|
|
What genetic condition will cause death of a foal from severe respiratory infection before the age of 5 months because of improper development of the immune system in Arabians?
|
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID or CID)
|
B - ES 99
|
|
|
What genetic lethal condition is also known as megacolon?
|
Lethal White Foal Syndrome
|
B - ES 98
|
|
|
What genetic material is composed of amino acids & proteins arranged in 2 thread-like strands called double helix with bonds that hold the strands together?
|
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
What genetic material is composed of amino acids & proteins on a double helix with multiple bonds?
|
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
What holds the 2 twisted strands of DNA together like rungs of a ladder?
|
Bonds
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
What is a genetic, degenerative condition that affects the brain & spinal cord & may be genetically related to sensitivity to low levels of vitamin E?
|
Equine Degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM)
|
B - ES 101
|
|
|
What is the coil-like structure of 2 strands of DNA called?
|
Double helix
|
B - ES 87
|
|
|
What is the common term for the species, Equus burchelli boehmi?
|
Grant's zebra/common zebra
|
B - ES 88
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the agouti gene that indicates the presence of eumelanin (black or brown) is not restricted to the "points" pattern?
|
aa (small aa)
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the agouti gene that indicates the presence of eumelanin (black or brown) is restricted to the "points" pattern?
|
AA (Capital AA)
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the extension gene that decreases the amount of eumelanin (black or brown) & increases the amount of pheomelanin (red or yellow)?
|
e (small e)
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the extension gene that extends or increases the amount of eumelanin (black or brown) & decreases the amount of pheomelanin (red or yellow)?
|
E (capital E)
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the agouti gene?
|
AA or aa
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
What is the genetic symbol for the extension gene?
|
E or e
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is the Punnett square used for?
|
To determine the expected outcomes & can determine the percentage of expected offspring that should show a particular trait
|
B - ES 92
|
|
|
What is the scientific name for tying up, Monday morning disease or azoturia?
|
Rhabdomyolysis
|
B - ES 100
|
|
|
What is the term for a gene that controls the distribution patterns of eumelanin in the hair & restricts the distribution of the points (mane, tail, ear tips & lower legs) by means of a pair of alleles?
|
Agouti gene
|
B - ES 95
|
|
|
What is the term for a gene that regulates the color differences in black-pigmented & red-pigmented horses?
|
Extension gene
|
B - ES 94
|
|
|
What is the term for genetic research on the molecular level of the gene?
|
Genome research
|
B - ES 86
|
|
|
What is the term for genetic traits that are determined by complicated genetic inheritance involving the interaction of multiple gene pairs?
|
Multiple alleles
|
B - ES 91
|
|
|
What is the term for the gene that cannot mask the genetic makeup of the other gene in the allele pair?
|
Recessive gene
|
B - ES 90
|
|
|
What is the term for the gene that has the ability to mask the genetic makeup of the other gene in the allele pair?
|
Dominant gene
|
B - ES 90
|
|
|
What is the term for the organism whose chromosomes carry 2 identical members of a given allele pair such as EE or bb?
|
Homozygous
|
B - ES 90
|
|
|
What is the term for the organism whose chromosomes do not carry identical members of a given allele pair such as Ee or Bb?
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Heterozygous
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B - ES 91
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What is the term for the pigment cells that are made up of eumelanin & pheomelanin?
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Melanocytes
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B - ES 93
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What physical features are the result of both genetic & non-genetic factors & result from a lack of pigment granules in the melanocyte cells during embryonic development?
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White markings
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B - ES 96 & 97
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What type of gene controls the amount of black eumelanin granules in the skin &/or the coat by means of a pair of alleles?
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Extension gene
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B - ES 94
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When chromosome pairs for body cells split in half & produce identical copies of the original cell, this process is called what?
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Mitosis
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B - ES 88
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When speaking of extension genes, what are the 4 red pigmented colors that affect skin & coat colors?
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chestnuts/sorrel, palomino, red dun
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B - ES 94
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When speaking of extension genes, what are the 6 black pigmented colors that affect skin & coat colors?
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Black, bay, brown, buckskin, dun & grulla
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B - ES 94
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Which breed is most commonly affected by aniridia?
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Belgians
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B - ES 100
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Which breed is most commonly affected by equine night blindness?
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Appaloosa
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B - ES 100
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Which genetic condition is caused by a lack of nerve cells in the digestive tract that results in absence of normal peristalsis in the intestine & failure of fecal material to be defecated?
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Lethal White Foal Syndrome
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B - ES 98
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Which parent determines the sex of the offspring & why?
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Stallion determines sex because he carries an X & Y chromosome
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B - ES 91
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Which will have the greatest number of chromosomes: horses, asses or zebra?
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Horses (64 or 32 pairs)
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B - ES 89
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Zoo-FISH maps technology is used in which type of scientific research?
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Genome research (genetic research of genes on the molecular level)
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B - ES 89
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