Send Half-Ans, Etc

Front 1

Autonomic Nervous system (3) parts

Back 1

Sympathetic division-fight or flight
Parasympathetic division-rest and digest
Enteric divison of the ans-reflexive activity of the gastrointeestinal system

Front 2

Neurotransmitters of ANS

Back 2

Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine
Cholinergic receptors
Adrenergic receptors

Front 3

Nerves exit the cns as
System is reserved for
Higher synapse for this system
What kind of awareness

Back 3

spinal and cranial nerves
involuntary control of body structures including smooth/cardic muscle and glands
end in the hypothalamus
Unconscious-unless the stimulant is strong enough to elicit pain

Front 4

Automatic motor division of the pns, motor neurons of the ANS
Regulates

Back 4

synapse with ganglia and ultimately effector tissue
activities of cardic/smooth muscle and glands

Front 5

Sensory neurons fo the ANS division are

Back 5

autonomic and monitor viscera environment (yoga, biofeedback therapy)

Front 6

Sympathetic "fight or flight"

Back 6

response to unusual stimulus
takes over the body systems to increase activities
E division, exerciese, excitement, emergency and embarrassment

Front 7

Parasympathetic rest or digest

Back 7

conserves energy
maintains daily body functions
sludd-saliviation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, and defectaton

Front 8

autonomic tone

Back 8

describes how both systems balance each other out. as sympathetics turned up parasympatheices are turned down.

Front 9

Autonomic nervous system (3)

Back 9

multipolar-found in the periphery and has many dendrites and only one other process
bipolar-utilzed for special senses
unipolar-sensory nerves which input information to the cns

Front 10

where are the cell bodies of the ans motor neuron found

Back 10

lateral horn of spinal cord

Front 11

Where do the neurons synapes in peripheral ganglia

Back 11

with other neurons or withing the effector organs

Front 12

Postganglionic neurons

Back 12

will extend beyond the ganglion or effector tissue

Front 13

How do sensory neurons travel

Back 13

ans travel with sensory neurons of the sns withing the pns going to the cns

Front 14

Interoceptors (2)

Back 14

Chemoreceptors-measure co2 blood levels inthe great vessles
Mechanoreceptors-measure stretch of arteries determining blood pressure. (amount of water in blood)

Front 15

How is information sent to the hypothalamus

Back 15

using internerurons responses are sent out using interneurons

Front 16

What is another name for the sypathetic nervous system

Back 16

Thoracolumbar division-nerves exit spinal cord from the named regions

Front 17

Paravertebral ganglia

Back 17

head causing dryness of the glands and dilation of the pupils
above diaphragm

Front 18

prevertebral ganglia

Back 18

splanchnic nerves
below diaphragm

Front 19

Adrenal Medulla

Back 19

inside adrenal gland
synapse here stimulates cells fo the adrenal glands
relases norepinephrine and epinephrine when stimulated

Front 20

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 20

rest and digest
conserves energy
for rebuilding of tissues
nerves exit scaral spinal cord and brainstem

Front 21

Parasympathetic nerves are also called

Back 21

crainalsacral division

Front 22

Parasympathetic

Back 22

constrict eye
secrete saliva
constrict bronchioles
slow down heart beat
increase secretion in stomach
increase motility
empty colon
empty bladder

Front 23

sympathetic

Back 23

dilate eyes
stop secretion
dialtate bronchioloes
speed up heartbeat
secrete adrenlinyne
delaying emptying
retain colon contents

Front 24

Guts brain called
located

Back 24

enteric
located in sheaths of tissue lining esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon

Front 25

Cholinergic neurons release
Adrenergic neurons release

Back 25

ACH
norepinephrine and epinephrine

Front 26

Neurotansmitters: what releases Ach

Back 26

all preganlionic sympathetic and parasympathetics neurons release (extitatory response)

Front 27

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons will release ach to

Back 27

sweat glands to muscarinic receptors

Front 28

Somatic vs autonomic
How many nerves

Back 28

Somatic-one neuron, originates in cns, axons extend to skeletal muscles
Autonomic-two neurons, preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.

Front 29

Somatic vs autonomic
effector organ

Back 29

somatic-skeletal
autonomic-smooth, cardiac and glands

Front 30

Somatic vs autonomic
subdivisons

Back 30

somatic-none
parasomatic-parasympathetic and sympathetic

Front 31

Somatic vs autonomic
neurotransmitter

Back 31

somatic-ach
parasomatic-ach, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Front 32

Sensation

Back 32

use of receptors to detect conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment

Front 33

Perception

Back 33

conscious awareness and interpretation of sensation

Front 34

sensory modalities will generally fall into two categories

Back 34

general sensation: somatic viscera
special sensation: sight, hearing, balance, smell, taste

Front 35

specialized cells found all over the body 5 steps

Back 35

1) be stimulated
2) graded is formed
3) graded potential increases in strenght and reached threshold
4) impluse is created
5) info is propagated along the sensory neuron and intergataed cns

Front 36

types of receptors

Back 36

free nerve endings-stimulated by pain
encapsulated nerve endings-stimulated by touch, pressure
separate cells-stimulated by external environment, found in special senses

Front 37

Free nerve endings-
encapsulated nerve endings
separate cells

Back 37

dendrites are exposed
dendrites are encapsulated by connective tissue
cells other that the bipolar neuron is stimulated ex. hair, photoreceptors

Front 38

Classification of receptors by location

Back 38

exteroreceptros (external surface)
interoceptors (receptors of the ans)
proprioceptors (joint or areas of boyd that detect body positon)

Front 39

types of receptors by stimulus

Back 39

mechanoreceptors-pressure, touch, motion, sound, vibration
Thermoreceptors-temperature, hot cold sensory
Nocioceptors-pain, touch reptors, dendrites not covered
photoreceptors-vision, found in eyes
proprioceptors-joints position where is it
chemoreceptors-chemical in coraid arteries job to stimulate neurons wall of artery decrease o2 increase co2
osmoreceptors-thirst,

Front 40

muscle spindle

Back 40

cells surrounding deep specialized muscle fibers
used to detect excessive stretch of muscles motor responds by causing contraciton of the ipsilateral muscle

Front 41

Golgi tendon organ

Back 41

special cells connected to tendons
used to detect increase tendon/muscle tension
muscle relations results

Front 42

Sensory neurons pathways
(3) orders

Back 42

1) neurons entering the posterior spinal cord
2) synapse in the posterior horn and crosses to other side of the spinal cord
3) synapes in the relay sation thalamus, continues onward to cerebral cortex

Front 43

Motor neurons

Back 43

Lower-neurons exciting the anterior spinal cord and supplying the skeletal muscles
Upper
synapse in the anterior horn of the spinal cord extending from the cerebral cortex

Front 44

Flacid

Back 44

severed or damaged lower motor neurons
skeletal muscles are unable to contract and are faccid

Front 45

spastic

Back 45

severed or damaged upper motor neurons
skeletal muscles are continoulsly stimulated by motor neurons causing uncontrolled rapid movements

Front 46

Sensory
Posterior columns

Back 46

contains tract that are stimulated by 2pt touch discrimiation, joint position, vibration

Front 47

Sensory
Spinothalamic

Back 47

contains tracts that are stimulated by pain, temperatture, and touch

Front 48

Motor
Corticospinal

Back 48

conatins tracts that cause volunatry movements