End Of Year Testing

Front 1

What is a hypothesis?

Back 1

a prediction made with the information available as a starting point for an investigation

Front 2

What is an independent variable?

Back 2

the variable changed in an experiment to see the change on the dependent variable

Front 3

What is a dependent variable?

Back 3

the variable that changes as a result of the change to the independent variable

Front 4

What is a constant variable?

Back 4

a variable kept the same throughout all the tests in the experiment

Front 5

What is the result of an experiment?

Back 5

a summary of the changes to the dependent variable that were observed by the researcher

Front 6

What is a statement of trend?

Back 6

an explanation of a trend, or pattern in data

Front 7

What is a discussion?

Back 7

an evaluation of the results of the experiment and an attempt to explain what caused them

Front 8

What is an error?

Back 8

a part of the investigation that is incorrect

can be related to the fact that information was recorded incorrectly; or that a variable was not kept constant

Front 9

What is an improvement?

Back 9

a measure that could be taken if the experiment is reproduced that would improve the accuracy of the data

Front 10

What is a conclusion?

Back 10

a summary of the results, errors, improvements and discussion, concluding with the researcher's feelings on the topic

Front 11

What is the correct order of: cells, organisms,

organs, tissues and organ systems?

Back 11

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Front 12

Define cell

Back 12

the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

Front 13

Define tissue

Back 13

a group of similar cells of the same origin that together carry out a specific function

Front 14

Define organ

Back 14

a group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to perform a specific function

Front 15

Define organ system

Back 15

a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

Front 16

Define organism

Back 16

any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium

Front 17

What are the organs of the excretory system?

Back 17

kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 18

Name the key organs of a kidney on the diagram

Back 18

renal pelvis, renal artery, renal vein, major calyx, minor calyx, renal medulla, renal pyramid, renal cortex, renal capsule, ureter

Front 19

Where is the kidney located?

Back 19

below the ribs.

left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney

next to the spine

Front 20

What is the function of the nephron?

Back 20

filters blood through a microscopic filter called the glomerulus

allows fluids and waste products through it, but not large molecules and blood cells

fluid passes through the tubule, where nutrients are absorbed and sent to the bloodstream

waste products after this filtration become urine

Front 21

What are the organs of the digestive system?

Back 21

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Front 22

Define chemical digestion

Back 22

breaking food down into simpler nutrients that can be used by cells

begins in the mouth when food mixes with saliva, and amylase in saliva begins to digest starches

Front 23

Define mechanical digestion

Back 23

physically breaking food into smaller pieces

begins in the mouth as the food is chewed and broken into smaller pieces

Front 24

What are the organs of the respiratory system?

Back 24

nose and nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx, bronchi and bronchioles, lungs, alveoli and muscles of respiration (diaphragm and intercostal muscles)

Front 25

How does the structure of the alveoli suit their function?

Back 25

walls of the alveoli are extremely thin

have a large surface area in relation to volume, are fluid lined enabling gases to dissolve. As well as this, they are surrounded by numerous capillaries, which makes it easier for the gas to enter the bloodstream.

Front 26

How does gas exchange occur?

Back 26

blood in capillaries surrounding alveoli reaches equilibrium with air in lungs

oxygen from air breathed in moves through capillary and alveolus's shared membrane into

bloodstream, as carbon dioxide moves other way: from bloodstream to lungs to be breathed out

Front 27

Name the parts of the heart

Back 27

Vena cava and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle,

pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries;

Pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta and descending

aorta; septum; myocardium, endocardium

Front 28

What is the function of the heart?

Back 28

The heart's role is to:

a) pump blood around the body, supplying

oxygen to the body

b) pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs so that it can become re-oxygenated through gas exchange.

Front 29

What is the function of the heart valves?

Back 29

to prevent blood from flowing backwards

Front 30

How is the structure of an artery suited to its function?

Back 30

carry blood away from heart at high pressure, and so have thick, elastic, muscular walls to withstand pressure

Front 31

How is the structure of a capillary suited to its function?

Back 31

allow the exchange of materials between blood and tissues

have adapted to have thin permeable walls so this is easier

Front 32

How is the structure of a vein suited to its

function?

Back 32

return low pressure blood to heart

have a large diameter to offer the least flow

resistance

valves to prevent back-flow.

Front 33

What are the key components of blood?

Back 33

red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Front 34

What are platelets?

Back 34

produced in the bone marrow

make up 20% of the blood

are fragments of bone marrow cells

contain proteins on surface that allow them to stick to breaks in the blood vessel wall and to each other so they form a clot and stop bleeding.

Front 35

What are red blood cells?

Back 35

most common cells in the bloodstream

contains haemoglobin

release the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which allows water in the blood to carry carbon dioxide to the lungs where it is breathed out

control pH of the blood by acting as acid-base buffer

Front 36

What are white blood cells?

Back 36

protect body against both infectious diseases and foreign invaders

produced from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. found throughout body, including in blood and lymphatic system

Front 37

State the unit energy is measured in

Back 37

joules

Front 38

Name the different types of energy

Back 38

Kinetic energy, Thermal energy, Chemical energy, Electrical energy, Electrochemical energy,

Electromagnetic energy, Acoustic energy,

Nuclear energy, Elastic potential energy,

Gravitational potential energy

Front 39

State the difference between energy transfer and energy transformation

Back 39

when energy is transferred from one object to another without changing its form

in energy transformation, the energy changes forms

Front 40

State the difference between useful and wasted energy

Back 40

energy transferred efficiently into desired outcome, whereas wasted energy is energy transferred into energy forms such as heat and randomly dispersed throughout space in a way that means that they are effectively useless

Front 41

How can a household become more energy

efficient?

Back 41

replace all incandescent lightbulbs with LEDs, as LEDs produce less heat (wasted energy)

buy appliances with a higher energy rating, which means that they do not waste as much energy as an appliance with a low energy rating

Front 42

What does the energy rating on electrical

appliances mean?

Back 42

shows the energy performance of appliances and equipment

allows consumers to understand how much a model will cost to run

how energy efficient it is in comparison to

similar models

Front 43

Identify the relative age of rocks in a diagram of rock layers

Back 43

lower rocks are older than the rocks above them

principle of cross-cutting relationships: fault or intrusion is younger than the rocks it cuts through

Front 44

What are these angles?

Back 44

alternate

are equal

Front 45

What are these angles?

Back 45

corresponding

are equal

Front 46

What are these angles?

Back 46

co-interior

supplementary (add to 180 degrees)

Front 47

What is the formula for the angle sum of a polygon if n = number of angles?

Back 47

angle sum = 180(n – 2)

Front 48

What are the characteristics of a sedimentary rock?

Back 48

generally layered

may contain fossils

almost always contain either quartz or calcite

Front 49

What are the characteristics of an igneous rock?

Back 49

formed as a result of molten rock cooling on the surface or in the core of the Earth.

hard in nature

consist of crystals

non porous

do not contain fossils.

Front 50

What is the formula for the area of a circle?

Back 50

πr squared

Front 51

What is the formula for the circumference of perimeter of a circle?

Back 51

2πr

Front 52

What are the characteristics of a metamorphic rock?

Back 52

formed through changes to preexisting rocks in response to changing environmental conditions

rarely contain fossils

often have alternate bands of light and dark minerals

may have layers of visible crystals

are rarely porous