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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Emphysema
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lung disease in which the alveoli enlarge.
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Asthma
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lung disorder in which the bronchial tubes contract quickly and cause shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughing: may occur as an allergic reaction.
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Urine
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Wastewater that contains excess water, salts, and other wastes that are not reabsorbed by the body.
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Urinary system
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system of excretory organs that rids the blood of wastes, controls blood volume by removing excess water, and balances concentrations of salts and water.
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Nutrient
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Substance in food – proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water – that the body uses for cell development, repair, and growth and that provide energy.
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Protein
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Nutrient made up of amino acids that is used for replacement and repair of body cells and has large molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen: found in meats fish, and beans.
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Atrium
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two upper chambers of the heart that contract at the same time during a heartbeat.
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Genetics
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the study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles
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Genotype
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an organism’s genetic makeup.
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Heterozygous
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describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait.
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Neuron
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basic functioning unit of the nervous system, made up of a cell body, dendrites, and axons.
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Antibiotics
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chemical produced by some bacteria that limits the growth of other bacteria.
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Aerobe
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organism that uses oxygen for respiration.
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Mammal
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any of a class of warm blooded vertebrates that suckle their young.
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Biome
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large geographic areas with similar climates and cosystems; includes tundra, taiga, desert, temperate deciduous forest, temperate rain forest, tropical rain forest, and grassland.
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Organism
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a life form.
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Vertebrate
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having a backbone.
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Grassland
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temperate and tropical regions with 25 cm to 75 cm of precipitation each year that are dominated by climax communities of grasses; ideal for growing crops and raising cattle and sheep.
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Amino acid
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building blocks of proteins.
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Carbohydrate
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the body’s main energy source – sugars, starch, and fiber – formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms: found in fruit, pasta, and whole-grain cereals and breads.
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Fat
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Nutrient that provides energy and helps he body absorb vitamins: can be saturated (meats and cheeses) or unsaturated ( liquid vegetable oil and fat found in poultry, fish and nuts).
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Vitamin
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organic, water-soluble or fat-soluble nutrient needed in small quantities for growth, regulating body functions and preventing disease.
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Mineral
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inorganic nutrient that regulates many of the body’s chemical reactions: builds cells, sends nerve impulses, and carries oxygen.
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Food group
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one of five groups of foods that contain the same nutrients: breads and cereals, vegetables, fruit, milk & Meat.
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Ventricles
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two lower chambers of the heart that contract at the same time during a heartbeat.
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Heredity
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the passing of traits from parent to offspring.
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Phenotype
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outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism.
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Dendrite
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neuron structure that receives messages and sends them to the cell body.
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Synapse
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small space across which an impulse moves from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron.
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Toxin
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a poisonous substance.
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Omnivore
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plant and meat-eating animal with incisors specialized to cut vegetables, premolars to chew meat, and molars to grind food.
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Marsupial
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mammal that gives birth to incompletely developed young that finish developing in their mother’s pouch.
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Smooth muscle
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involuntary, nonstriated muscle that controls movement of internal organs.
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Ecosystem
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all the living organisms that live in an area and the nonliving features of their environment.
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Taiga
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world’s largest biome, located south of the tundra between 50 N and 60 N latitude; has long, cold winters, precipitation between 35 cm and 100 cm each year, cone-bearing evergreen trees, and dense forests.
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Invertebrate
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an animal without a backbone.
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Desert
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driest biome on Earth with less than 25 cm of rain each year; has dunes or thin soil with little oranic matter and plants and animals specially adapted to survive extreme conditions.
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Digestion
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chemical and mechanical process that breaks food down into small molecules so that they can be absorbed by the body.
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Mechanical digestion
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digestive system process where food is broken down through chewing, mixing, and churning.
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Peristalsis
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waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system.
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Chemical digestion
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digestive system process that occurs when chemicals break down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed by the body.
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Chyme
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thin, watery product of digestion that moves slowly out of the stomach and into the small intestine.
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Artery
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blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart and has thick, elastic walls made of connective tissue and smooth muscle tissue.
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Hemoglobin
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chemical in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to body cells and carries some carbon dioxide from body cells back to the lungs.
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Allele
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an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait; can be dominant or recessive.
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Homozygous
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describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait.
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Axon
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neuron structure that carries messages away from the cell body.
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Pathogen
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any organism that causes disease.
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Vaccine
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provides immunity from bacterial diseases such as diphtheria and tetanus, and is made from particles taken from damaged bacterial cell walls or from killed bacteria.
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Herbivore
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plant-eating mammal with incisors specialized to cut vegetation and large, flat molars to grind it.
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Photosynthesis
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food-making process that takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where light energy is used to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.
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Cardiac muscle
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striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart.
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Community
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all the populations of different species that live in an ecosystem.
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Tundra
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cold, dry treeless biome with less than 25 cm of precipitation each year, a short growing season, permafrost, and winters that can be six to nine months long.
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Protist
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one- or many-celled eukaryotic organism that lives in moist or wet surroundings; can be plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike.
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Scurvy
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A disease caused by deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by spongy and bleeding gums, bleeding under the skin, and extreme weakness.
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Calorie
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the large calorie used to measure the energy produced by food.
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Enzyme
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a type of protein that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions in the body but is not used up or changed itself in any way during the reaction.
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Capillary
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microscopic blood vessel that connects arteries and veins; has walls one cell thick, through which nutrients and oxygen diffuse into body cells and waste materials and carbon dioxide diffuse out.
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Exoskeleton
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rigid, protective body covering of an arthropod that supports the body and reduces water loss.
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Endotherm
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warm-blooded animal whose body temperature does not change with its surrounding environment.
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Ectotherm
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cold-blooded animal whose body temperature changes with the temperature of its surrounding environment.
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Carnivore
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meat-eating animal with sharp canine teeth specialized to rip and tear flesh.
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Skeletal muscle
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voluntary, striated muscle that moves bones, works in pairs, and is attached to bones by tendons.
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Tendon
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thick band of tissue that attaches bones to muscles.
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Population
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all the organisms that belong to the same species living in a community.
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Rain forest
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A dense evergreen forest occupying a tropical region with an annual rainfall of at least 2.5 meters (100 inches).
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Bacteria
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microorganisms that cause disease, fermentation, etc.
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