Semester Iii - Neuroanatomy - Diencephalon

Front 1

List the 8 nuclei of the Medial Hypothalamic Zone

anterior to posterior

Back 1

PreOptic
Anterior
SupraChiasmatic
ParaVentricular
DorsoMedial
DorsoLater
Infundibular
Posterior

Front 2

List the 6 nuclei of the Lateral Hypothalamic Zone

Back 2

PreOptic
SupraChiasmatic
SupraOptic
Lateral
TuberoMamillary
Lateral Tuberal

Front 3

Visceral & Somatic afferent reach the hypothalamus through collateral branches from the ____ & from the ____

Back 3

Visceral & Somatic afferent reach the hypothalamus through collateral branches from the LEMINSCI AFFERENT FIBERS & from the RETICULAR FORMATION

Front 4

Olfaction travels to the hypothalamus through the ____

Back 4

Olfaction travels to the hypothalamus through the MEDIAL FOREBRAIN BUNDLES

Front 5

Corticohypothamalic fibers arise from the ___ of the cerebral cortex and pass directly to the hypothalamus

Back 5

Corticohypothamalic fibers arise from the FRONTAL LOBE of the cerebral cortex and pass directly to the hypothalamus

Front 6

Amygdalohypothalamic fibers pass through the amygdaloid complex to the hypothalamus through the ___ and by a route that passes inferior to the ___

Back 6

Amygdalohypothalamic fibers pass through the amygdaloid complex to the hypothalamus through the STRIA TERMINALIS and by a route that passes inferior to the LENTIFORM NUCLEUS

Front 7

Thalamohypothalmic fibers arise from the ___ and ___ nuclei

Back 7

Thalamohypothalmic fibers arise from the DORSOMEDIAL and MIDLINE THALAMIC nuclei

Front 8

Where do tegmental fibers arise from?

Back 8

TEGMENTAL fibers to the hypothalamus arise from the midbrain

Front 9

Mammillothalmic tract arises in the mammilary body and efferent fibers terminate in the ___ of the thalamus. Here the pathway is relayed to the ___

Back 9

Mammillothalmic tract arises in the mammilary body and efferent fibers terminate in the ANTERIOR nucleus of the thalamus. Here the pathway is relayed to the CINGULATE GYRUS

Front 10

The Mammilotegmental tract arises from the mamillary body and efferent fibers terminate in the cells of the ___ in the tegmentum of the ___

Back 10

The Mammilotegmental tract arises from the mamillary body and efferent fibers terminate in the cells of the RETICULAR FORMATION in the tegmentum of the MIDBRAIN

Front 11

Hypothalmophypophyseal Tract

Which nuclei synthesize Vasopressin and Oxytocin?

The hormones are carried along the axon together with a carrier protein ___ and release at the axon terminals, where it can be absorbed into the blood from Neurohypophysis

Back 11

SupraOptic nuclei synthesizes Vasopressin & ParaVentricular synthesizes Oxytocin

The hormones are carried along the axon together with a carrier protein NEUROPHYSINS and release at the axon terminals, where it can be absorbed into the blood from Neurohypophysis

Front 12

Which hypothalamic nucleus acts as an Osmoreceptor?

Back 12

Supraoptic nucleus is an osmoreceptor because it detects high osmotic pressure and increases output of Vasopressin which is an antidiuretic hormone that also causes vasoconstriction

Front 13

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Back 13

Its the upper nervous center for the control of lower autonomic centers

Front 14

In the hypothalamus, the ___ region is referred to as the hunger center. However stimulation of the __ region inhibits eating and is therefore called the satiety center

Back 14

In the hypothalamus, the LATERAL region is referred to as the hunger center. However stimulation of the MEDIAL region inhibits eating and is therefore called the satiety center

Front 15

Which nuclei of the hypothalamus responds to cold temp?

Back 15

Posterior hypothalamic nuclei respond to cold temperature

Front 16

Which nuclei of the hypothalamus causes thirst?

Back 16

Lateral hypothalamus increases water intake

Front 17

Which nuclei of the hypothalamus inhibits appetite?

Back 17

Medial hypothalamus is the satiety center

Front 18

Which nuclei of the hypothalamus controls circadian rhythms?

Back 18

Suprachiasmatic nucleus controls circadian rhythms

Front 19

Which nuclei of the hypothalamus controls the parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 19

Preoptic & Anterior nuclei control the parasympathetic system

Front 20

Which nuclei of the hypothalamus controls the sympathetic nervous system?

Back 20

Preoptic & Lateral nuclei control the sympathetic nervous system

Front 21

Which nuclei of the hypothalamus responds to hot temp?

Back 21

Anterior hypothalamus responds to heat

Front 22

The roof of the third ventricle, which is also the superior surface of the Diencephalon is the ___ . It is covered superiorly by a vascular fold of ___

Back 22

The roof of the third ventricle, which is also the superior surface of the Diencephalon is the TELA CHOROIDEA. It is covered superiorly by a vascular layer of PIA MATTER

Front 23

The Lateral surface of the Diencephalon is bounded by the ___ which is composed of white matter and consists of nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with ___ and ___

Back 23

The Lateral surface of the Diencephalon is bounded by the INTERNAL CAPSULE which is composed of white matter and consists of nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with SPINAL CORD and BRAINSTEM

Front 24

What does the stria medullaris thalami connect?

Back 24

The stria medullaris thalami are afferent fibers to the Habenular nucleus.

Front 25

All sensory systems except __ pass through the Thalamus.

Posteriorly the Thalamus is expanded to for the ___

Inferiorly the Thalamus is continuous with the ___ of the Midbrain

Back 25

All sensory systems except OLFACTION pass through the Thalamus.

Posteriorly the Thalamus is expanded to for the PULVINAR

Inferiorly the Thalamus is continuous with the TEGMENTUM of the Midbrain

Front 26

The superior covering of the thalamus is a thin layer of white matter called the ___, and laterally a layer called the ___

The gray matter of the thalamus is divided by vertical sheets of white matter called the ___

Back 26

The superior covering of the thalamus is a thin layer of white matter called the STRATUM ZONALE, and laterally a layer called the EXTERNAL MEDULLARY LAMINA

The gray matter of the thalamus is divided by vertical sheets of white matter called the INTERNAL MEDULLARY LAMINA

Front 27

In the Subthalamus the following cranial ends can be found:

Back 27

Red Nucleus
Subsatantia Nigra
Subthalamic Nucleus

Front 28

The Epithalamus contains

Back 28

Habenular nuclei and pineal gland

Front 29

The Habenular nucleus is a center for integration of:

Back 29

Habenular Nucleus is a center for integration of:

Olfactory
Visceral
Somatic Afferent Pathways

Front 30

The Pineal gland is a small conical structure that is connected to the Pineal Stalk. Superiorly the base of the stalk is called the ___ and inferiorly ___

Back 30

The Pineal gland is a small conical structure that is connected to the Pineal Stalk. Superiorly the base of the stalk is called the HABENULAR COMMISSURE and inferiorly its called the POSTERIOR COMMISSURE

Front 31

The Pineal gland contains two types of cells, the __ & __

Pineal gland contains NO nerve cells, but __ sympathetic fibers enter the gland and run along the blood vessels

Back 31

The Pineal gland contains two types of cells, the __ & __

Pineal gland contains NO nerve cells, but ADRENERGIC SYMPATHETIC sympathetic fibers enter the gland and run along the blood vessels

Front 32

The Pineal gland affects the endocrine system by influencing the activity of:

Generally have an __ effect

Back 32

Pituitary
Parathyroids
Islets of Langerhans
Adrenals
Gonads

Generally have an INHIBITORY effect