Semester Ii Neuro Intro Nervous System

Front 1

Neuron cell bodies contain _____, _____, _____, ______, and _____.

Back 1

lysozymes, nissl bodies, neurotubules, neurofibrils, synaptic vessicles

Front 2

Autonomic preganglionic nerves are dervived from ____.

Back 2

neural tube

Front 3

Autonomic postganglionic nerves are derived from ____.

Back 3

neural crest

Front 4

Motor nerves are derived from _____.

Back 4

neural tube

Front 5

Sensory nerves are dervived from _____.

Back 5

neural crest

Front 6

Ganglia are derived from ____.

Back 6

neural crest cells

Front 7

Schwann cells and satellite cells are derived from ____.

Back 7

neural crest cells

Front 8

The hindbrain is composed of the ____,___, and ____.

Back 8

pons, medulla, cerebellum

Front 9

The brainstem is composed of the _____,____,_____, and ___.

Back 9

pons, medulla, cerebellum (hindbrain), midbrain

Front 10

The forbrain is composed of the ____ and ____.

Back 10

diencephalon, telencephalon

Front 11

The diencephalon is part of the ____ and is composed of the ____, ____, ____, ____ and _____.

Back 11

forebrain; epithalamus, subthalamus, thalamus, retina & optic nerve, hypothalamus

Front 12

The telencephalon is part of the ____, and is composed of the ____, ____, and ____.

Back 12

forebrain; basal ganglia, limbic system, cerebral hemispheres

Front 13

The CNS is derived from the ___.

Back 13

neural tube

Front 14

Astrocytes are derived from the ____.

Back 14

neural tube

Front 15

Oligodendrocytes are derived from the ____.

Back 15

neural tube

Front 16

The adrenal medulla is derived from the ___.

Back 16

neural crest

Front 17

Melanocytes are derived from the ____.

Back 17

neural crest

Front 18

Schwann cells are derived from the ___.

Back 18

neural crest

Front 19

The meninges is derived from the ____.

Back 19

neural crest

Front 20

Pharyngeal arch cartilage, odontoblasts, the endocardial cushion are derived from ____.

Back 20

neural crest

Front 21

Parafollicular cells and the aorticopulmonary septum is derived from ___.

Back 21

neural crest

Front 22

The ____ plate induced by ____ forms sensory neurons.

Back 22

alar, BMPs

Front 23

The ____ plate induced by ___ forms motor neurons and preganglionic autonomic neurons.

Back 23

basal, SHH

Front 24

The ____ divides the neural tube into the _____ and ____ plate.

Back 24

sulcus limitants, basal, alar

Front 25

In the 4th week, the 3 stage division of the brain is the _____, _____, and _____, which form the _____,_____ and ____.

Back 25

rhombencephalon, mesencephalon, prosencephalo; hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Front 26

During the 5th week of development the rhombencephelon divides into the ______ and _____, and the prosencephalon divides into the ____ and _____.

Back 26

myelencephalon, metencephalon; diencephalon, telencephalon

Front 27

The adult derivitives of the metencephelon are the ____ and ____.

Back 27

pons, cerebellum

Front 28

The adult derivitive of the myelencephalon is the ____.

Back 28

medulla

Front 29

The lateral ventricle is derived from the _____.

Back 29

telencephalon

Front 30

The third ventricle is derived from the _____.

Back 30

diencephalon

Front 31

The cerebral aqueduct is a derivative of the ______.

Back 31

mesencephalan

Front 32

The fourth ventricle is a derivative of the _____ and ____.

Back 32

metencephalon, mylencephalon

Front 33

Sensory and autonomic ganglia are derived from ____.

Back 33

neural crest cells

Front 34

_____ is characterized by failure of fusion of the rostral neural folds, missing part of the brain, scalp, or cranial vault, and is incompatible with life.

Back 34

anencephaly

Front 35

____ is characterized by failure of closer of portion of anterior neuropore, protrusion of meninges, brain or CSF, and mental retardation and paresis.

Back 35

encephalocele

Front 36

____ is associated with high maternal blood alpha fetoprotein.

Back 36

anencephaly

Front 37

_____ is a defect in the vertebral arches and is asymptomatic.

Back 37

spina bifida occulta

Front 38

_____ occurs when the meninges project through the vertebral defect.

Back 38

spina bifida cystica (meningocele) (high AFP)

Front 39

____ occurs when the meninges and spinal cord project through the vertebral defect.

Back 39

Spina bifida with meningomyelocele (high AFP)

Front 40

_____ occurs when an open neural tube lies on the surface of the back.

Back 40

spina bifida with myeloschisis (high AFP)

Front 41

Dandy-walker syndrome is a disorder due to abnormal development of the ____ neural tube, and is characterized by absence of the ___ ventricular CSF apertures, and associated with fluid in posterior fossa, dilated 4th ventricle, hydrocephalus.

Back 41

rostral, 4th

Front 42

CIPA is caused by a mutation in the gene contolling _____ receptor which codes for ______ which facilitates the differentiation of neural crest cells into nociceptive and autonomic cells.

Back 42

tyrosine kinase A, Nerve Growth Factor

Front 43

____ is a disorder resulting from defect in neural ____ differentiation of first order afferent systems for pain and temperature as well as post ganglionic autonomic control of sweating.

Back 43

Dandy Walker Syndrome, crest

Front 44

The ____ is bi-lobed structure with midline portion.

Back 44

cerebellum

Front 45

The cerebellum is located at the back of the head below the ______.

Back 45

ocipital lobe

Front 46

_____ receives mainly proprioceptive inforation from the periphery and integrates with other structures to coordinate _____, _____, ____, _____, ____, _____ and equilibrim.

Back 46

gait, movement, muscle tone, posture, balance

Front 47

____ is the most rostral area of the brain stem.

Back 47

midbrain

Front 48

The midbrain is connected rostrally to the _____.

Back 48

diencephalon

Front 49

The dorsal region of the midbrain is called the ____, and contains nuclei connected with ____ and ____.

Back 49

tectum, vision and hearing

Front 50

The ventral region of the midbrain is called the ______, and contains the ____ and ____, concerned with ____.

Back 50

tagmentum, red nucleus, substantia nuclei, motor control

Front 51

The ____ peduncle attaches to the midbrain.

Back 51

superior cerebellar

Front 52

Corticofugal fibers pass through the midbrain in the ____.

Back 52

cerebral peducles

Front 53

____ is the bulbous area between the midbrain rostrally and medulla caudally.

Back 53

Pons

Front 54

The ______ pons contains intrinsic nuclei, pontine nuclei, concerned with motor coordination between the _____ and _____.

Back 54

basal (ventral area), cerebral cortex, cerebellum

Front 55

The middle cerebellar peduncle attach the cerebellum to the _____.

Back 55

pons

Front 56

The medulla is the cylindrical area of the ____, immediately ____ to the pons and _____ to the cervical spinal cord. (location)

Back 56

brain stem, caudal, rostral

Front 57

Corticofugal fibers decussate at the lower ____ level.

Back 57

medulla

Front 58

The dorsal area of the the pons is the ____ and the ventral area is the ____.

Back 58

tegmentum, basal pontine

Front 59

The inferior olivary nucleus contained in the _____ recieves fibers from the spinal cord and sends them to the _____ via the ____ peducles.

Back 59

medulla, cerebellum, inferior olivary nucleus

Front 60

The inferior peduncle attaces the cerebellum to the ____.

Back 60

medulla

Front 61

The ____ forms the central core of the cerebrum.

Back 61

diencephalon

Front 62

The ____ is the largest part of the diencephalon, and is an important sensory relay station in pathway to cerebral cortex, limbic system, cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Back 62

thalamus

Front 63

The ____ is the dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon that contains the ______, _____, and _____.

Back 63

epithalmus; pineal gland (body), habenula, the stria medullaris

Front 64

The _____ of the _____ secretes melatonin.

Back 64

pineal body, epithalamus

Front 65

The ____ contains important neurosecretory and autonomic nuclei.

Back 65

hypothalamus

Front 66

The ____ forms the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functions to regulate certain metabolic processes and other autonomic activities.

Back 66

hypothalamus

Front 67

The _____ develops efferent connections to the striatum in the telencephalon, to the dorsal thalamus in the diencephalon, and to the red nucleus and substantia nigra in the mesencephalon. It has ____ connections with the substantia nigra and striatum.

Back 67

subthalamus, afferent

Front 68

The retina and optic nerve are outgrowths of the ____.

Back 68

diencephalon

Front 69

The telencephelon is composed of the following subregions, ____, ____ and _____.

Back 69

cerebral cortex, limbic system, basal gangli

Front 70

The cerebral cortex is divided by ____ into the 4 lobes, _____, _____, _____ and ____.

Back 70

sulci, fronal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Front 71

The cerberal cortex is folded in ridges called ___, that are seperated by grooves called _____.

Back 71

gyri, sulci

Front 72

The ____ and _____ cortex serve integrated higher mental activities.

Back 72

association, higher order association

Front 73

The caudate nucleus and Putamen are part of the ____.

Back 73

striatum (basal ganglia)

Front 74

The _____ includes the structures in the human brain involved in emotion, motivation, and emotional association with memory.

Back 74

limbic system

Front 75

The ___ includes deeper structures such as the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, parahipocampral gyrus, cingulate gyrus, septum, and fornix

Back 75

limbic areas